Ronden, JE; Drittij-Reijnders M-J, Vermeer C, Thijssen HHW. (1998). "Intestinal flora is not an intermediate in the phylloquinone-menaquinone-4 conversion in the rat". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects1379 (1): 69–75. PMID9468334. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(97)00089-5.
Thijssen, HHW; Drittij-Reijnders MJ (1994). "Vitamin K distribution in rat tissues: dietary phylloquinone is a source of tissue menaquinone-4". British Journal of Nutrition72 (3): 415–425. PMID7947656. doi:10.1079/BJN19940043.
Ronden, JE; Drittij-Reijnders M-J, Vermeer C, Thijssen HHW (1998). "Intestinal flora is not an intermediate in the phylloquinone-menaquinone-4 conversion in the rat". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects1379 (1): 69–75. PMID9468334. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(97)00089-5.
Vermeer, C; Braam L (2001). "Role of K vitamins in the regulation of tissue calcification". Journal of bone and mineral metabolism19 (4): 201–206. PMID11448011. doi:10.1007/s007740170021.
Hafizi S, Dahlbäck B (2006). "Gas6 and protein S. Vitamin K-dependent ligands for the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily". FEBS J.273 (23): 5231–44. PMID17064312. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05529.x.
Ushiroyama, T; Ikeda A, Ueki M (2002). "Effect of continuous combined therapy with vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 on bone mineral density and coagulofibrinolysis function in postmenopausal women". Maturitas41 (3): 211–221. PMID11886767. doi:10.1016/S0378-5122(01)00275-4.
Asakura, H; Myou S, Ontachi Y, Mizutani T, Kato M, Saito M, Morishita E, Yamazaki M, Nakao S (2001). "Vitamin K administration to elderly patients with osteoporosis induces no hemostatic activation, even in those with suspected vitamin K deficiency". Osteoporosis International12 (12): 996–1000. PMID11846334. doi:10.1007/s001980170007.
Elder SJ, Haytowitz DB, Howe J, Peterson JW, Booth SL (2006). "Vitamin k contents of meat, dairy, and fast food in the U.S. Diet". J. Agric. Food Chem.54 (2): 463–7. PMID16417305. doi:10.1021/jf052400h.
Katsuyama; Ideguchi, S; Fukunaga, M; Saijoh, K; Sunami, S (2002). "Usual dietary intake of fermented soybeans (Natto) is associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal women". Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology48 (3): 207–15. PMID12350079. doi:10.3177/jnsv.48.207.
Sano; Fujita, H; Morita, I; Uematsu, H; Murota, S (1999). "Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) induces iNOS in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells: no relationship between nitric oxide production and gamma-carboxylation". Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology45 (6): 711–23. PMID10737225. doi:10.3177/jnsv.45.711.
Oldenburg J, Bevans CG, Müller CR, Watzka M (2006). "Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1): the key protein of the vitamin K cycle". Antioxid. Redox Signal.8 (3–4): 347–53. PMID16677080. doi:10.1089/ars.2006.8.347.
Gerald JA, Katie JW, Asiri R W; et al. (2009). "Vitamin K promotes mineralization, osteoblast‐to‐osteocyte transition, and an anticatabolic phenotype by γ‐carboxylation‐dependent and independent mechanisms". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol297 (6): C1358–C1367. PMID19675304. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00216.2009.
Sato, Y; Kanoko T, Satoh K, Iwamoto J (2005). "Menatetrenone and vitamin D2 with calcium supplements prevent nonvertebral fracture in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease". Bone36 (1): 61–8. PMID15664003. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2004.09.018.
Iwamoto, I; Kosha S, Noguchi S-i (1999). "A longitudinal study of the effect of vitamin K2 on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women a comparative study with vitamin D3 and estrogen-progestin therapy". Maturitas31 (2): 161–164. PMID10227010. doi:10.1016/S0378-5122(98)00114-5.
Inoue, T; Sugiyama T, Matsubara T, Kawai S, Furukawa S (2001). "Inverse correlation between the changes of lumbar bone mineral density and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin after vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) treatment in children treated with glucocorticoid and alfacalcidol". Endocrine Journal48 (1): 11–18. PMID11403096. doi:10.1507/endocrj.48.11.
Sasaki, N, Kusano E, Takahashi H, Ando Y, Yano K, Tsuda E, Asano Y; Kusano E, Takahashi H, Ando Y, Yano K, Tsuda E, Asano Y (2005). "Vitamin K2 inhibits glucocorticoid-induced bone loss partly by preventing the reduction of osteoprotegerin (OPG)". Journal of bone and mineral metabolism23 (1): 41–47. PMID15616893. doi:10.1007/s00774-004-0539-6.
Yonemura, K; Kimura M, Miyaji T, Hishida A (2000). "Short-term effect of vitamin K administration on prednisolone-induced loss of bone mineral density in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis". Calcified Tissue International66 (2): 123–128. PMID10652960. doi:10.1007/PL00005832.
Iketani, T; Kiriike N, B. Stein M (2003). "Effect of menatetrenone (vitamin K2) treatment on bone loss in patients with anorexia nervosa". Psychiatry Research117 (3): 259–269. PMID12686368. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00024-6.
Shiomi, S; Nishiguchi S, Kubo S (2002). "Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) for bone loss in patients with cirrhosis of the liver". The American Journal of Gastroenterology97 (4): 978–981. PMID12003435. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05618.x.
Cockayne, S; Adamson J, Lanham-New S, Shearer MJ, Gilbody S, Torgerson DJ (2006). "Vitamin K and the Prevention of Fractures: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Archives of Internal Medicine166 (12): 1256–1261. PMID16801507. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.12.1256.
Iwamoto, J; Takeda T, Ichimura S (2000). "Effect of combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis". Journal of Orthopaedic Science5 (6): 546–551. PMID11180916. doi:10.1007/s007760070003.
Purwosunu, Y; Muharram, Rachman IA, Reksoprodjo S, Sekizawa A (2006). "Vitamin K2 treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Indonesia". The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research32 (2): 230–234. PMID16594930. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2006.00386.x.
Shiraki, M; Shiraki Y, Aoki C, Miura M (2000). "Vitamin K2 (Menatetrenone) Effectively Prevents Fractures and Sustains Lumbar Bone Mineral Density in Osteoporosis". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research15 (3): 515–522. PMID10750566. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.3.515.
Sato, Y; Honda Y, Kuno H, Oizumi K (1998). "Menatetrenone ameliorates osteopenia in disuse-affected limbs of vitamin D- and K-deficient stroke patients". Bone23 (3): 291–296. PMID9737352. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(98)00108-2.
Sato, Y; Kanoko T, Satoh K, Iwamoto J (2005). "Menatetrenone and vitamin D2 with calcium supplements prevent nonvertebral fracture in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease". Bone36 (1): 61–68. PMID15664003. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2004.09.018.
Sato, Y; Honda Y, Kaji M (2002). "Amelioration of osteoporosis by menatetrenone in elderly female Parkinson's disease patients with vitamin D deficiency". Bone31 (1): 114–118. PMID12110423. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00783-4.
Nishiguchi, S; Shimoi S, Kurooka H (2001). "Randomized pilot trial of vitamin K2 for bone loss in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis". Journal of Hepatology35 (4): 543–545. PMID11682046. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(01)00133-7.
Somekawa, Y; Chigughi M, Harada M, Ishibashi T (1999). "Use of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bone loss induced by leuprolide". The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism84 (8): 2700–2704. PMID10443663. doi:10.1210/jc.84.8.2700.
Allison (2001). "The possible role of vitamin K deficiency in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and in augmenting brain damage associated with cardiovascular disease". Medical hypotheses57 (2): 151–5. PMID11461163. doi:10.1054/mehy.2001.1307.
Spronk, HMH; Soute BAM, Schurgers LJ, Thijssen HHW, De Mey JGR, Vermeer C (2003). "Tissue-Specific Utilization of Menaquinone-4 Results in the Prevention of Arterial Calcification in Warfarin-Treated Rats". Journal of vascular research40 (6): 531–537. PMID14654717. doi:10.1159/000075344.
MacCorquodale, D. W.; Binkley, S. B.; Thayer, S. A.; Doisy, E. A. (1939). "On the constitution of Vitamin K1". Journal of the American Chemical Society61 (7): 1928–1929. doi:10.1021/ja01876a510.
Fieser, L. F. (1939). "Synthesis of Vitamin K1". Journal of the American Chemical Society61 (12): 3467–3475. doi:10.1021/ja01267a072.
Davidson, RT; Foley AL, Engelke JA, Suttie JW (1998). "Conversion of Dietary Phylloquinone to Tissue Menaquinone-4 in Rats is Not Dependent on Gut Bacteria1". Journal of Nutrition128 (2): 220–223. PMID9446847.
Ronden, JE; Drittij-Reijnders M-J, Vermeer C, Thijssen HHW. (1998). "Intestinal flora is not an intermediate in the phylloquinone-menaquinone-4 conversion in the rat". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects1379 (1): 69–75. PMID9468334. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(97)00089-5.
Thijssen, HHW; Drittij-Reijnders MJ (1994). "Vitamin K distribution in rat tissues: dietary phylloquinone is a source of tissue menaquinone-4". British Journal of Nutrition72 (3): 415–425. PMID7947656. doi:10.1079/BJN19940043.
Davidson, RT; Foley AL, Engelke JA, Suttie JW (1998). "Conversion of Dietary Phylloquinone to Tissue Menaquinone-4 in Rats is Not Dependent on Gut Bacteria". Journal of Nutrition128 (2): 220–223. PMID9446847.
Ronden, JE; Drittij-Reijnders M-J, Vermeer C, Thijssen HHW (1998). "Intestinal flora is not an intermediate in the phylloquinone-menaquinone-4 conversion in the rat". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects1379 (1): 69–75. PMID9468334. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(97)00089-5.
Vermeer, C; Braam L (2001). "Role of K vitamins in the regulation of tissue calcification". Journal of bone and mineral metabolism19 (4): 201–206. PMID11448011. doi:10.1007/s007740170021.
Hafizi S, Dahlbäck B (2006). "Gas6 and protein S. Vitamin K-dependent ligands for the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily". FEBS J.273 (23): 5231–44. PMID17064312. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05529.x.
Conly, J; Stein K (1994). "Reduction of vitamin K2 concentrations in human liver associated with the use of broad spectrum antimicrobials". Clinical and investigative medicine. Médecine clinique et experimentale17 (6): 531–539. PMID7895417.
Komai M, Shirakawa H (2007). "Vitamin K metabolism. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) formation from ingested VK analogues and its potent relation to bone function". Clin Calcium(en Japanese)17 (11): 1663–72. PMID17982185.
Ushiroyama, T; Ikeda A, Ueki M (2002). "Effect of continuous combined therapy with vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 on bone mineral density and coagulofibrinolysis function in postmenopausal women". Maturitas41 (3): 211–221. PMID11886767. doi:10.1016/S0378-5122(01)00275-4.
Asakura, H; Myou S, Ontachi Y, Mizutani T, Kato M, Saito M, Morishita E, Yamazaki M, Nakao S (2001). "Vitamin K administration to elderly patients with osteoporosis induces no hemostatic activation, even in those with suspected vitamin K deficiency". Osteoporosis International12 (12): 996–1000. PMID11846334. doi:10.1007/s001980170007.
Elder SJ, Haytowitz DB, Howe J, Peterson JW, Booth SL (2006). "Vitamin k contents of meat, dairy, and fast food in the U.S. Diet". J. Agric. Food Chem.54 (2): 463–7. PMID16417305. doi:10.1021/jf052400h.
Katsuyama; Ideguchi, S; Fukunaga, M; Saijoh, K; Sunami, S (2002). "Usual dietary intake of fermented soybeans (Natto) is associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal women". Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology48 (3): 207–15. PMID12350079. doi:10.3177/jnsv.48.207.
Sano; Fujita, H; Morita, I; Uematsu, H; Murota, S (1999). "Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) induces iNOS in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells: no relationship between nitric oxide production and gamma-carboxylation". Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology45 (6): 711–23. PMID10737225. doi:10.3177/jnsv.45.711.
Oldenburg J, Bevans CG, Müller CR, Watzka M (2006). "Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1): the key protein of the vitamin K cycle". Antioxid. Redox Signal.8 (3–4): 347–53. PMID16677080. doi:10.1089/ars.2006.8.347.
Gerald JA, Katie JW, Asiri R W; et al. (2009). "Vitamin K promotes mineralization, osteoblast‐to‐osteocyte transition, and an anticatabolic phenotype by γ‐carboxylation‐dependent and independent mechanisms". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol297 (6): C1358–C1367. PMID19675304. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00216.2009.
Sato, Y; Kanoko T, Satoh K, Iwamoto J (2005). "Menatetrenone and vitamin D2 with calcium supplements prevent nonvertebral fracture in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease". Bone36 (1): 61–8. PMID15664003. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2004.09.018.
Iwamoto, I; Kosha S, Noguchi S-i (1999). "A longitudinal study of the effect of vitamin K2 on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women a comparative study with vitamin D3 and estrogen-progestin therapy". Maturitas31 (2): 161–164. PMID10227010. doi:10.1016/S0378-5122(98)00114-5.
Inoue, T; Sugiyama T, Matsubara T, Kawai S, Furukawa S (2001). "Inverse correlation between the changes of lumbar bone mineral density and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin after vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) treatment in children treated with glucocorticoid and alfacalcidol". Endocrine Journal48 (1): 11–18. PMID11403096. doi:10.1507/endocrj.48.11.
Sasaki, N, Kusano E, Takahashi H, Ando Y, Yano K, Tsuda E, Asano Y; Kusano E, Takahashi H, Ando Y, Yano K, Tsuda E, Asano Y (2005). "Vitamin K2 inhibits glucocorticoid-induced bone loss partly by preventing the reduction of osteoprotegerin (OPG)". Journal of bone and mineral metabolism23 (1): 41–47. PMID15616893. doi:10.1007/s00774-004-0539-6.
Yonemura, K; Fukasawa H, Fujigaki Y, Hishida A. (2004). "Protective effect of vitamins K2 and D3 on prednisolone-induced loss of bone mineral density in the lumbar spine". American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation43 (1): 53–60. PMID14712427.
Yonemura, K; Kimura M, Miyaji T, Hishida A (2000). "Short-term effect of vitamin K administration on prednisolone-induced loss of bone mineral density in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis". Calcified Tissue International66 (2): 123–128. PMID10652960. doi:10.1007/PL00005832.
Iketani, T; Kiriike N, B. Stein M (2003). "Effect of menatetrenone (vitamin K2) treatment on bone loss in patients with anorexia nervosa". Psychiatry Research117 (3): 259–269. PMID12686368. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00024-6.
Shiomi, S; Nishiguchi S, Kubo S (2002). "Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) for bone loss in patients with cirrhosis of the liver". The American Journal of Gastroenterology97 (4): 978–981. PMID12003435. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05618.x.
Cockayne, S; Adamson J, Lanham-New S, Shearer MJ, Gilbody S, Torgerson DJ (2006). "Vitamin K and the Prevention of Fractures: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Archives of Internal Medicine166 (12): 1256–1261. PMID16801507. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.12.1256.
Iwamoto, J; Takeda T, Ichimura S (2000). "Effect of combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis". Journal of Orthopaedic Science5 (6): 546–551. PMID11180916. doi:10.1007/s007760070003.
Purwosunu, Y; Muharram, Rachman IA, Reksoprodjo S, Sekizawa A (2006). "Vitamin K2 treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Indonesia". The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research32 (2): 230–234. PMID16594930. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2006.00386.x.
Shiraki, M; Shiraki Y, Aoki C, Miura M (2000). "Vitamin K2 (Menatetrenone) Effectively Prevents Fractures and Sustains Lumbar Bone Mineral Density in Osteoporosis". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research15 (3): 515–522. PMID10750566. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.3.515.
Sato, Y; Honda Y, Kuno H, Oizumi K (1998). "Menatetrenone ameliorates osteopenia in disuse-affected limbs of vitamin D- and K-deficient stroke patients". Bone23 (3): 291–296. PMID9737352. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(98)00108-2.
Sato, Y; Kanoko T, Satoh K, Iwamoto J (2005). "Menatetrenone and vitamin D2 with calcium supplements prevent nonvertebral fracture in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease". Bone36 (1): 61–68. PMID15664003. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2004.09.018.
Sato, Y; Honda Y, Kaji M (2002). "Amelioration of osteoporosis by menatetrenone in elderly female Parkinson's disease patients with vitamin D deficiency". Bone31 (1): 114–118. PMID12110423. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00783-4.
Nishiguchi, S; Shimoi S, Kurooka H (2001). "Randomized pilot trial of vitamin K2 for bone loss in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis". Journal of Hepatology35 (4): 543–545. PMID11682046. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(01)00133-7.
Somekawa, Y; Chigughi M, Harada M, Ishibashi T (1999). "Use of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bone loss induced by leuprolide". The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism84 (8): 2700–2704. PMID10443663. doi:10.1210/jc.84.8.2700.
Allison (2001). "The possible role of vitamin K deficiency in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and in augmenting brain damage associated with cardiovascular disease". Medical hypotheses57 (2): 151–5. PMID11461163. doi:10.1054/mehy.2001.1307.
Spronk, HMH; Soute BAM, Schurgers LJ, Thijssen HHW, De Mey JGR, Vermeer C (2003). "Tissue-Specific Utilization of Menaquinone-4 Results in the Prevention of Arterial Calcification in Warfarin-Treated Rats". Journal of vascular research40 (6): 531–537. PMID14654717. doi:10.1159/000075344.