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Kohno H, Yasui Y, Suzuki R, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K, Tanaka T (2004). "Dietary seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid from bitter melon inhibits azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis through elevation of colonic PPAR γ expression and alteration of lipid composition.". International Journal of Cancer110: 896–901. PMID15170673. doi:10.1002/ijc.20179.
Nishimura K, Tsumagari H, Morioka A, Yamauchi Y, Miyashita K, Lu S, Jisaka M, Nagaya T, Yokota K (2002). "Regulation of apoptosis through arachidonate cascade in mammalian cells". Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 102–103 (1–6): 239–50. PMID12396127. doi:10.1385/ABAB:102-103:1-6:239.
Kobori M, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Akimoto Y, Yukizaki C, Yoshida M (2008). "α-Eleostearic Acid and Its Dihydroxy Derivative Are Major Apoptosis-Inducing Components of Bitter Gourd". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry56 (22): 10515–10520. PMID18959405. doi:10.1021/jf8020877.
Kohno H, Yasui Y, Suzuki R, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K, Tanaka T (2004). "Dietary seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid from bitter melon inhibits azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis through elevation of colonic PPAR γ expression and alteration of lipid composition.". International Journal of Cancer110: 896–901. PMID15170673. doi:10.1002/ijc.20179.