הגליה (Hebrew Wikipedia)

August 1650: An Act for the Advancing and Regulating of the Trade of this Commonwealth (אורכב 08.08.2016 בארכיון Wayback Machine), Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642-1660. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1911. "The Parliament of England taking into their care the maintenance and advance of the Traffick Trade, and several Manufactures of this Nation; and being desirous to improve and multiply the same for the best advantage and benefit thereof, to the end that ye poore people of this Land may be set on work, and their Families preserved from Beggary and Ruine, and that the Commonwealth might be enriched thereby, and no occasion left either for Idleness or Poverty:..."
Charles II, 1670 & 1671: An Act to prevent the malitious burning of Houses, Stackes of Corne and Hay and killing or maiming of Catle. (ארכיון)
Statutes of the Realm: Volume 5, 1628-80 (אורכב 29.07.2018 בארכיון Wayback Machine), p.598

cambridge.org

Minako Sakata, The Transformation of Hokkaido from Penal Colony to Homeland Territory, International Review of Social History 63, 2018/08, עמ' 109–130 doi: 10.1017/S002085901800024X

culture.gouv.fr

archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr

ANOM - Penal colonies, www.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr

dictionaryofsydney.org

First Fleet, dictionaryofsydney.org

digitalpanopticon.org

Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish; Watkins, Emma (n.d.). "Transportation". Digital Panopticon. Digital Panopticon Project. ארכיון מ-2019-01-08. נבדק ב-7 בפברואר 2019. {{cite web}}: (עזרה)

doi.org

Donnachie, Ian (1984), "Scottish Criminals and Transportation to Australia 1786–1852", Journal Scottish Economic and Social History, doi:10.3366/sesh.1984.4.4.21
Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies" (PDF). The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33. doi:10.2307/1833611. JSTOR 1833611. ארכיון (PDF) מ-2018-07-19. נבדק ב-2020-03-21.
Statiev, Alexander (Spring 2005). "The Nature of Anti-Soviet Armed Resistance, 1942-44: The North Caucasus, the Kalmyk Autonomous Republic, and Crimea". Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. Slavica Publishers. 6 (2): 285–318. doi:10.1353/kri.2005.0029.

dx.doi.org

Minako Sakata, The Transformation of Hokkaido from Penal Colony to Homeland Territory, International Review of Social History 63, 2018/08, עמ' 109–130 doi: 10.1017/S002085901800024X

drnissani.net

Heinlein, Robert A. (1966). The Moon is a Harsh Mistress (PDF). ארכיון (PDF) מ-2020-05-11. נבדק ב-2020-03-20. But most Loonies never tried to leave The Rock--too risky for any bloke who'd been in Luna more than weeks. Computermen sent up to install Mike were on short-term bonus contracts--get job done fast before irreversible physiological change marooned them four hundred thousand kilometers from home.

e2bn.org

vcp.e2bn.org

Transportation - Victorian Crime and Punishment, vcp.e2bn.org

figshare.com

leicester.figshare.com

Sakata, Minako, The Transformation of Hokkaido from a Penal Colony to a Homeland Territory, figshare, 2018-01-01

goodreads.com

My Transportation For Life, www.goodreads.com
In the Penal Colony, www.goodreads.com
Papillon, www.goodreads.com

gutenberg.org

Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, www.gutenberg.org

self.gutenberg.org

Project Gutenberg, Papillon (book) | Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing - eBooks | Read eBooks online, self.gutenberg.org

imdb.com

Papillon, 1973-12-19, נבדק ב-2020-09-01

independent.co.uk

Church, Michael (16 September 2010). "In the Penal Colony, Music Theatre Wales, Linbury Theatre" (אורכב 03.03.2016 בארכיון Wayback Machine). The Independent. Retrieved 27 February 2013.

irishstatutebook.ie

Short Titles Act 1896 (ארכיון)

irishtimes.com

Watterson, Johnny (24 בדצמבר 2010). "Celebrating 'a song for the people'". The Irish Times (באנגלית). נבדק ב-2019-07-30. {{cite web}}: (עזרה)

jstor.org

Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies" (PDF). The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33. doi:10.2307/1833611. JSTOR 1833611. ארכיון (PDF) מ-2018-07-19. נבדק ב-2020-03-21.
Rouse, Andrew C. (2007). "The Transportation Ballad: A Song Type Rooted in Eighteenth-Centry England". Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies (HJEAS). Centre for Arts, Humanities and Sciences (CAHS), acting on behalf of the University of Debrecen CAHS. 13 (1/2, The Long Eighteenth Century): 93–103. JSTOR 41274385.

legislation.gov.uk

Penal Servitude Act 1857 (ארכיון)

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Mawdsley, Evan (1998). The Stalin Years: The Soviet Union, 1929-1953. Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719046001. LCCN 2003046365.

mainlynorfolk.info

Henry the Poacher / Wild and Wicked Youth / Van Diemen's Land (Roud 221), mainlynorfolk.info

nationalarchives.gov.uk

discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk

Penitentiary Act, 1779 (ארכיון)

nationalarchives.gov.uk

"Criminal transportation". The National Archives. ארכיון מ-2020-03-21. נבדק ב-6 בפברואר 2019. Before 1776, all convicts sentenced to transportation were sent to North America and the West Indies. {{cite web}}: (עזרה)

nla.gov.au

"Historic Landmarks". Townsville Daily Bulletin. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 2 באוקטובר 1952. p. 5. ארכיון מ-2020-05-26. נבדק ב-19 במרץ 2017. {{cite news}}: (עזרה)
"Australian Discovery and Colonisation". The Empire. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 14 באפריל 1865. p. 8. ארכיון מ-2020-05-26. נבדק ב-2020-03-21. {{cite news}}: (עזרה)

nytimes.com

Kinzer, Stephen (6 December 2000). "A Pocket-Size Opera From a Harrowing Kafka Story" (אורכב 04.11.2018 בארכיון Wayback Machine). New York Times. Retrieved 27 February 2013.

oed.com

Oxford English Dictionary online, "Hulk" n.2, sense 3b (אורכב 26.05.2020 בארכיון Wayback Machine) Accessed 2017/06/26

oldbaileyonline.org

Punishments at the Old Bailey, Old Bailey Proceedings Online, ארכיון מ-2018-12-12, נבדק ב-2020-03-19
R v Powell, Sixth session Proceedings of the Old Bailey 10 July 1805 t18050710-23, page 401 (Old Bailey 10 July 1805).

penandclink.com

Transportation and Penal Servitude (אורכב 07.06.2019 בארכיון Wayback Machine), Mountjoy Prison Museum

researchgate.net

A Merciless Place: The Lost Story of Britain's Convict Disaster in Africa and How it Led to the Settlement of Australia (Book Review), researchgate.net
Hamish Maxwell-Stewart, Convict Transportation from Britain and Ireland 1615–1870, researchgate.net

scholar.google.com

"Bottomley: Parole in Transition: A Comparative Study of Origins, Developments, and Prospects for the 1990s". scholar.google.com. ארכיון מ-2020-10-27. נבדק ב-2008-05-11.

sparknotes.com

Great Expectations: Study Guide | SparkNotes, www.sparknotes.com (באנגלית)

sunygeneseoenglish.org

irishstudies.sunygeneseoenglish.org

Black Velvet Band – Lyrical Analysis – Irish Studies, irishstudies.sunygeneseoenglish.org

sydneylivingmuseums.com.au

amelial, First Fleet Ships, Sydney Living Museums, ‏2016-09-30 (באנגלית)

theguardian.com

Scott-Clark, Cathy; Levy, Adrian (22 ביוני 2001). "Survivors of our hell". The Guardian. ארכיון מ-2020-02-05. נבדק ב-7 בפברואר 2019. {{cite news}}: (עזרה)

tor.com

Brown, Alan (31 בינואר 2019). "Is The Moon is a Harsh Mistress Heinlein's All-Time Greatest Work?". Tor.com. Macmillan. ארכיון מ-2020-04-12. נבדק ב-15 במרץ 2020. {{cite web}}: (עזרה)

trisranch.com

Tri S Ranch: The Irish Slave Trade — The Forgotten "White" Slaves. The Slaves That Time Forgot, by John Martin

viu.ca

johnstoi.web.viu.ca

Kafka, In the Penal Colony (e-text), johnstoi.web.viu.ca

web.archive.org

Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish; Watkins, Emma (n.d.). "Transportation". Digital Panopticon. Digital Panopticon Project. ארכיון מ-2019-01-08. נבדק ב-7 בפברואר 2019. {{cite web}}: (עזרה)
August 1650: An Act for the Advancing and Regulating of the Trade of this Commonwealth (אורכב 08.08.2016 בארכיון Wayback Machine), Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642-1660. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1911. "The Parliament of England taking into their care the maintenance and advance of the Traffick Trade, and several Manufactures of this Nation; and being desirous to improve and multiply the same for the best advantage and benefit thereof, to the end that ye poore people of this Land may be set on work, and their Families preserved from Beggary and Ruine, and that the Commonwealth might be enriched thereby, and no occasion left either for Idleness or Poverty:..."
Charles II, 1670 & 1671: An Act to prevent the malitious burning of Houses, Stackes of Corne and Hay and killing or maiming of Catle. (ארכיון)
"Bottomley: Parole in Transition: A Comparative Study of Origins, Developments, and Prospects for the 1990s". scholar.google.com. ארכיון מ-2020-10-27. נבדק ב-2008-05-11.
Statutes of the Realm: Volume 5, 1628-80 (אורכב 29.07.2018 בארכיון Wayback Machine), p.598
Drew D. Gray, Crime, Policing and Punishment in England, 1660-1914 (אורכב 21.01.2020 בארכיון Wayback Machine) p.298 (2016)
Penitentiary Act, 1779 (ארכיון)
"An act for the effectual transportation of felons and other offenders; and to authorize the removal of prisoners in certain cases; and for other purposes therein mentioned." (ארכיון)
"Historic Landmarks". Townsville Daily Bulletin. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 2 באוקטובר 1952. p. 5. ארכיון מ-2020-05-26. נבדק ב-19 במרץ 2017. {{cite news}}: (עזרה)
"Australian Discovery and Colonisation". The Empire. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 14 באפריל 1865. p. 8. ארכיון מ-2020-05-26. נבדק ב-2020-03-21. {{cite news}}: (עזרה)
Punishments at the Old Bailey, Old Bailey Proceedings Online, ארכיון מ-2018-12-12, נבדק ב-2020-03-19
"An act for enabling his Majesty to authorize his governor or lieutenant governor of such places beyond the seas, to which felons and others offenders may be transported, to remit the sentences of such offenders." (ארכיון)
Short Titles Act 1896 (ארכיון)
Penal Servitude Act 1857 (ארכיון)
Convicts and the British colonies in Australia (אורכב 01.01.2016 בארכיון Wayback Machine)
Transportation and Penal Servitude (אורכב 07.06.2019 בארכיון Wayback Machine), Mountjoy Prison Museum
"Criminal transportation". The National Archives. ארכיון מ-2020-03-21. נבדק ב-6 בפברואר 2019. Before 1776, all convicts sentenced to transportation were sent to North America and the West Indies. {{cite web}}: (עזרה)
Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies" (PDF). The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33. doi:10.2307/1833611. JSTOR 1833611. ארכיון (PDF) מ-2018-07-19. נבדק ב-2020-03-21.
Oxford English Dictionary online, "Hulk" n.2, sense 3b (אורכב 26.05.2020 בארכיון Wayback Machine) Accessed 2017/06/26
Christopher, Emma (2010). A Merciless Place: The Lost Story of Britain's Convict Disaster in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press (פורסם ב-2011). p. 5. ISBN 9780191623523. ארכיון מ-2020-02-08. נבדק ב-2018-03-24. With the American War of Independence all but lost and hope of restarting the transportation of convicts to the Americas dwindling fast, Britain had begun sneakily banishing its criminals to West Africa.
Bermuda's Dockyard at Ireland Island, a Royal Navy base from 1815 to the 1950s, www.bermuda-online.org (ארכיון)
"Convicts and the British colonies in Australia". Government of Australia. אורכב מ-המקור ב-1 בינואר 2016. נבדק ב-8 במאי 2015. {{cite web}}: (עזרה)
"History of Andaman Cellular Jail". This is about Andaman Cellular Jail. אורכב מ-המקור ב-18 בינואר 2007. {{cite web}}: (עזרה)
"Hundred years of the Andamans Cellular Jail". The Hindu. 21 בדצמבר 2005. אורכב מ-המקור ב-30 בספטמבר 2007. {{cite news}}: (עזרה)
Scott-Clark, Cathy; Levy, Adrian (22 ביוני 2001). "Survivors of our hell". The Guardian. ארכיון מ-2020-02-05. נבדק ב-7 בפברואר 2019. {{cite news}}: (עזרה)
Rokotnitz, Naomi (2011). Trusting Performance: A Cognitive Approach to Embodiment in Drama. New York, New York: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-349-59433-7. ארכיון מ-2020-05-26. נבדק ב-2020-03-20.
Church, Michael (16 September 2010). "In the Penal Colony, Music Theatre Wales, Linbury Theatre" (אורכב 03.03.2016 בארכיון Wayback Machine). The Independent. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
Kinzer, Stephen (6 December 2000). "A Pocket-Size Opera From a Harrowing Kafka Story" (אורכב 04.11.2018 בארכיון Wayback Machine). New York Times. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
In the Penal Colony on the official website of Philip Glass
Meyers, Jeffrey (2005). Somerset Maugham: A Life. Vintage Books. p. 218. ISBN 1-4000-3052-8. ארכיון מ-2020-05-26. נבדק ב-2020-03-20.
Brown, Alan (31 בינואר 2019). "Is The Moon is a Harsh Mistress Heinlein's All-Time Greatest Work?". Tor.com. Macmillan. ארכיון מ-2020-04-12. נבדק ב-15 במרץ 2020. {{cite web}}: (עזרה)
Heinlein, Robert A. (1966). The Moon is a Harsh Mistress (PDF). ארכיון (PDF) מ-2020-05-11. נבדק ב-2020-03-20. But most Loonies never tried to leave The Rock--too risky for any bloke who'd been in Luna more than weeks. Computermen sent up to install Mike were on short-term bonus contracts--get job done fast before irreversible physiological change marooned them four hundred thousand kilometers from home.

zenodo.org

Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies" (PDF). The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33. doi:10.2307/1833611. JSTOR 1833611. ארכיון (PDF) מ-2018-07-19. נבדק ב-2020-03-21.