जनसंख्या आनुवांशिकी (Hindi Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "जनसंख्या आनुवांशिकी" in Hindi language version.

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47nih.gov

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32doi.org

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7web.archive.org

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7archive.org

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2cshlp.org

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1palomar.edu

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1umt.edu

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1darwin-online.org.uk

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1pnas.org

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1nature.com

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archive.org

Futuyma, Douglas (1998). Evolutionary Biology. Sinauer Associates. p. Glossary. ISBN 0-87893-189-9.
Futuyma, Douglas (1998). Evolutionary Biology. Sinauer Associates. p. 320. ISBN 0-87893-189-9.
Holland J, Spindler K, Horodyski F, Grabau E, Nichol S, VandePol S (1982). "Rapid evolution of RNA genomes". Science. 215 (4540): 1577–85. डीओआई:10.1126/science.7041255. पीएमआईडी 7041255. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Carroll SB, Grenier J, Weatherbee SD (2005). From DNA to Diversity: Molecular Genetics and the Evolution of Animal Design. Second Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1-4051-1950-0. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Orengo CA, Thornton JM (2005). "Protein families and their evolution-a structural perspective". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 74: 867–900. डीओआई:10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133029. पीएमआईडी 15954844. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Su H, Qu L, He K, Zhang Z, Wang J, Chen Z, Gu H (2003). "The Great Wall of China: a physical barrier to gene flow?". Heredity. 90 (3): 212–9. डीओआई:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800237. पीएमआईडी 12634804. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Wendel J (2000). "Genome evolution in polyploids". Plant Mol. Biol. 42 (1): 225–49. डीओआई:10.1023/A:1006392424384. पीएमआईडी 10688139. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

cshlp.org

genome.cshlp.org

Gregory TR, Hebert PD (1999). "The modulation of DNA content: proximate causes and ultimate consequences". Genome Res. 9 (4): 317–24. डीओआई:10.1101/gr.9.4.317. पीएमआईडी 10207154. मूल से से 23 अगस्त 2014 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |doi_brokendate= ignored (|doi-broken-date= suggested) (help)
Siepel A (2009). "Darwinian alchemy: Human genes from noncoding DNA". Genome Res. 19 (10): 1693–5. डीओआई:10.1101/gr.098376.109. पीएमसी 2765273. पीएमआईडी 19797681. 23 अगस्त 2014 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

darwin-online.org.uk

डार्विन सी (1859) ऑन द ओरिजिन ऑफ़ स्पिशिज़ बाई मीन्स ऑफ़ नैचरल सिलेक्शन और द प्रिवेंशन ऑफ़ फेवर्ड रेसेस इन द स्ट्रगल फॉर लाइफ जॉन मर्रे, लंडन; मॉडर्न रिप्रिंट Charles Darwin, Julian Huxley (2003). The Origin of Species. Signet Classics. ISBN 0-451-52906-5. पब्लिश्ड ऑनलाइन एट द कम्प्लीट वर्क ऑफ़ चार्ल्स डार्विन ऑनलाइन Archived 2005-06-29 at the वेबैक मशीन: ऑन द ओरिजिन ऑफ़ स्पिशिज़ बाई मीन्स ऑफ़ नैचरल सिलेक्शन और द प्रिज़र्वेशन ऑफ़ फेवर्ड रेसेस इन द स्ट्रगल ऑफ़ लाइफ Archived 2011-08-13 at the वेबैक मशीन.

doi.org

Bertram J (2000). "The molecular biology of cancer". Mol. Aspects Med. 21 (6): 167–223. डीओआई:10.1016/S0098-2997(00)00007-8. पीएमआईडी 11173079. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Aminetzach YT, Macpherson JM, Petrov DA (2005). "Pesticide resistance via transposition-mediated adaptive gene truncation in Drosophila". Science. 309 (5735): 764–7. डीओआई:10.1126/science.1112699. पीएमआईडी 16051794. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Burrus V, Waldor M (2004). "Shaping bacterial genomes with integrative and conjugative elements". Res. Microbiol. 155 (5): 376–86. डीओआई:10.1016/j.resmic.2004.01.012. पीएमआईडी 15207870. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Freisinger, E; Grollman, AP; Miller, H; Kisker, C (2004). "Lesion (in)tolerance reveals insights into DNA replication fidelity". The EMBO journal. 23 (7): 1494–505. डीओआई:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600158. पीएमसी 391067. पीएमआईडी 15057282. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Sawyer SA, Parsch J, Zhang Z, Hartl DL (2007). "Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (16): 6504–10. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.0701572104. पीएमसी 1871816. पीएमआईडी 17409186. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Sniegowski P, Gerrish P, Johnson T, Shaver A (2000). "The evolution of mutation rates: separating causes from consequences". Bioessays. 22 (12): 1057–66. डीओआई:10.1002/1521-1878(200012)22:12<1057::AID-BIES3>3.0.CO;2-W. पीएमआईडी 11084621. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Drake JW, Holland JJ (1999). "Mutation rates among RNA viruses". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (24): 13910–3. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13910. पीएमसी 24164. पीएमआईडी 10570172. 13 मार्च 2013 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Holland J, Spindler K, Horodyski F, Grabau E, Nichol S, VandePol S (1982). "Rapid evolution of RNA genomes". Science. 215 (4540): 1577–85. डीओआई:10.1126/science.7041255. पीएमआईडी 7041255. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hastings, P J; Lupski, JR; Rosenberg, SM; Ira, G (2009). "Mechanisms of change in gene copy number". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 10 (8): 551–564. डीओआई:10.1038/nrg2593. पीएमसी 2864001. पीएमआईडी 19597530. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Harrison P, Gerstein M (2002). "Studying genomes through the aeons: protein families, pseudogenes and proteome evolution". J Mol Biol. 318 (5): 1155–74. डीओआई:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00109-2. पीएमआईडी 12083509. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Orengo CA, Thornton JM (2005). "Protein families and their evolution-a structural perspective". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 74: 867–900. डीओआई:10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133029. पीएमआईडी 15954844. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Long M, Betrán E, Thornton K, Wang W (2003). "The origin of new genes: glimpses from the young and old". Nat. Rev. Genet. 4 (11): 865–75. डीओआई:10.1038/nrg1204. पीएमआईडी 14634634. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Wang M, Caetano-Anollés G (2009). "The evolutionary mechanics of domain organization in proteomes and the rise of modularity in the protein world". Structure. 17 (1): 66–78. डीओआई:10.1016/j.str.2008.11.008. पीएमआईडी 19141283. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Gregory TR, Hebert PD (1999). "The modulation of DNA content: proximate causes and ultimate consequences". Genome Res. 9 (4): 317–24. डीओआई:10.1101/gr.9.4.317. पीएमआईडी 10207154. मूल से से 23 अगस्त 2014 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |doi_brokendate= ignored (|doi-broken-date= suggested) (help)
Hurles M (2004). "Gene duplication: the genomic trade in spare parts". PLoS Biol. 2 (7): E206. डीओआई:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020206. पीएमसी 449868. पीएमआईडी 15252449. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Liu N, Okamura K, Tyler DM (2008). "The evolution and functional diversification of animal microRNA genes". Cell Res. 18 (10): 985–96. डीओआई:10.1038/cr.2008.278. पीएमसी 2712117. पीएमआईडी 18711447. 2 फ़रवरी 2015 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Siepel A (2009). "Darwinian alchemy: Human genes from noncoding DNA". Genome Res. 19 (10): 1693–5. डीओआई:10.1101/gr.098376.109. पीएमसी 2765273. पीएमआईडी 19797681. 23 अगस्त 2014 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Morjan C, Rieseberg L (2004). "How species evolve collectively: implications of gene flow and selection for the spread of advantageous alleles". Mol. Ecol. 13 (6): 1341–56. डीओआई:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02164.x. पीएमसी 2600545. पीएमआईडी 15140081. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Su H, Qu L, He K, Zhang Z, Wang J, Chen Z, Gu H (2003). "The Great Wall of China: a physical barrier to gene flow?". Heredity. 90 (3): 212–9. डीओआई:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800237. पीएमआईडी 12634804. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gross B, Rieseberg L (2005). "The ecological genetics of homoploid hybrid speciation". J. Hered. 96 (3): 241–52. डीओआई:10.1093/jhered/esi026. पीएमसी 2517139. पीएमआईडी 15618301. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Burke JM, Arnold ML (2001). "Genetics and the fitness of hybrids". Annu. Rev. Genet. 35: 31–52. डीओआई:10.1146/annurev.genet.35.102401.085719. पीएमआईडी 11700276. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Vrijenhoek RC (2006). "Polyploid hybrids: multiple origins of a treefrog species". Curr. Biol. 16 (7): R245. डीओआई:10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.005. पीएमआईडी 16581499. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Wendel J (2000). "Genome evolution in polyploids". Plant Mol. Biol. 42 (1): 225–49. डीओआई:10.1023/A:1006392424384. पीएमआईडी 10688139. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Sémon M, Wolfe KH (2007). "Consequences of genome duplication". Curr Opin Genet Dev. 17 (6): 505–12. डीओआई:10.1016/j.gde.2007.09.007. पीएमआईडी 18006297. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Comai L (2005). "The advantages and disadvantages of being polyploid". Nat. Rev. Genet. 6 (11): 836–46. डीओआई:10.1038/nrg1711. पीएमआईडी 16304599. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Soltis P, Soltis D (2000). "The role of genetic and genomic attributes in the success of polyploids". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (13): 7051–7. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.97.13.7051. पीएमसी 34383. पीएमआईडी 10860970. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Boucher Y, Douady CJ, Papke RT, Walsh DA, Boudreau ME, Nesbo CL, Case RJ, Doolittle WF (2003). "Lateral gene transfer and the origins of prokaryotic groups". Annu Rev Genet. 37: 283–328. डीओआई:10.1146/annurev.genet.37.050503.084247. पीएमआईडी 14616063. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Walsh T (2006). "Combinatorial genetic evolution of multiresistance". Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 9 (5): 476–82. डीओआई:10.1016/j.mib.2006.08.009. पीएमआईडी 16942901. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Kondo N, Nikoh N, Ijichi N, Shimada M, Fukatsu T (2002). "Genome fragment of Wolbachia endosymbiont transferred to X chromosome of host insect". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (22): 14280–5. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.222228199. पीएमसी 137875. पीएमआईडी 12386340. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Sprague G (1991). "Genetic exchange between kingdoms". Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 1 (4): 530–3. डीओआई:10.1016/S0959-437X(05)80203-5. पीएमआईडी 1822285. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Gladyshev EA, Meselson M, Arkhipova IR (2008). "Massive horizontal gene transfer in bdelloid rotifers". Science. 320 (5880): 1210–3. डीओआई:10.1126/science.1156407. पीएमआईडी 18511688. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Poole A, Penny D (2007). "Evaluating hypotheses for the origin of eukaryotes". Bioessays. 29 (1): 74–84. डीओआई:10.1002/bies.20516. पीएमआईडी 17187354. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

nature.com

Liu N, Okamura K, Tyler DM (2008). "The evolution and functional diversification of animal microRNA genes". Cell Res. 18 (10): 985–96. डीओआई:10.1038/cr.2008.278. पीएमसी 2712117. पीएमआईडी 18711447. 2 फ़रवरी 2015 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bertram J (2000). "The molecular biology of cancer". Mol. Aspects Med. 21 (6): 167–223. डीओआई:10.1016/S0098-2997(00)00007-8. पीएमआईडी 11173079. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Aminetzach YT, Macpherson JM, Petrov DA (2005). "Pesticide resistance via transposition-mediated adaptive gene truncation in Drosophila". Science. 309 (5735): 764–7. डीओआई:10.1126/science.1112699. पीएमआईडी 16051794. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Burrus V, Waldor M (2004). "Shaping bacterial genomes with integrative and conjugative elements". Res. Microbiol. 155 (5): 376–86. डीओआई:10.1016/j.resmic.2004.01.012. पीएमआईडी 15207870. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Freisinger, E; Grollman, AP; Miller, H; Kisker, C (2004). "Lesion (in)tolerance reveals insights into DNA replication fidelity". The EMBO journal. 23 (7): 1494–505. डीओआई:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600158. पीएमसी 391067. पीएमआईडी 15057282. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Sawyer SA, Parsch J, Zhang Z, Hartl DL (2007). "Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (16): 6504–10. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.0701572104. पीएमसी 1871816. पीएमआईडी 17409186. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Sniegowski P, Gerrish P, Johnson T, Shaver A (2000). "The evolution of mutation rates: separating causes from consequences". Bioessays. 22 (12): 1057–66. डीओआई:10.1002/1521-1878(200012)22:12<1057::AID-BIES3>3.0.CO;2-W. पीएमआईडी 11084621. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Drake JW, Holland JJ (1999). "Mutation rates among RNA viruses". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (24): 13910–3. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13910. पीएमसी 24164. पीएमआईडी 10570172. 13 मार्च 2013 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Holland J, Spindler K, Horodyski F, Grabau E, Nichol S, VandePol S (1982). "Rapid evolution of RNA genomes". Science. 215 (4540): 1577–85. डीओआई:10.1126/science.7041255. पीएमआईडी 7041255. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hastings, P J; Lupski, JR; Rosenberg, SM; Ira, G (2009). "Mechanisms of change in gene copy number". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 10 (8): 551–564. डीओआई:10.1038/nrg2593. पीएमसी 2864001. पीएमआईडी 19597530. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Harrison P, Gerstein M (2002). "Studying genomes through the aeons: protein families, pseudogenes and proteome evolution". J Mol Biol. 318 (5): 1155–74. डीओआई:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00109-2. पीएमआईडी 12083509. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Orengo CA, Thornton JM (2005). "Protein families and their evolution-a structural perspective". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 74: 867–900. डीओआई:10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133029. पीएमआईडी 15954844. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Long M, Betrán E, Thornton K, Wang W (2003). "The origin of new genes: glimpses from the young and old". Nat. Rev. Genet. 4 (11): 865–75. डीओआई:10.1038/nrg1204. पीएमआईडी 14634634. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Wang M, Caetano-Anollés G (2009). "The evolutionary mechanics of domain organization in proteomes and the rise of modularity in the protein world". Structure. 17 (1): 66–78. डीओआई:10.1016/j.str.2008.11.008. पीएमआईडी 19141283. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Bowmaker JK (1998). "Evolution of colour vision in vertebrates". Eye (London, England). 12 (Pt 3b): 541–7. पीएमआईडी 9775215. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Gregory TR, Hebert PD (1999). "The modulation of DNA content: proximate causes and ultimate consequences". Genome Res. 9 (4): 317–24. डीओआई:10.1101/gr.9.4.317. पीएमआईडी 10207154. मूल से से 23 अगस्त 2014 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |doi_brokendate= ignored (|doi-broken-date= suggested) (help)
Hurles M (2004). "Gene duplication: the genomic trade in spare parts". PLoS Biol. 2 (7): E206. डीओआई:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020206. पीएमसी 449868. पीएमआईडी 15252449. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Liu N, Okamura K, Tyler DM (2008). "The evolution and functional diversification of animal microRNA genes". Cell Res. 18 (10): 985–96. डीओआई:10.1038/cr.2008.278. पीएमसी 2712117. पीएमआईडी 18711447. 2 फ़रवरी 2015 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Siepel A (2009). "Darwinian alchemy: Human genes from noncoding DNA". Genome Res. 19 (10): 1693–5. डीओआई:10.1101/gr.098376.109. पीएमसी 2765273. पीएमआईडी 19797681. 23 अगस्त 2014 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Morjan C, Rieseberg L (2004). "How species evolve collectively: implications of gene flow and selection for the spread of advantageous alleles". Mol. Ecol. 13 (6): 1341–56. डीओआई:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02164.x. पीएमसी 2600545. पीएमआईडी 15140081. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Su H, Qu L, He K, Zhang Z, Wang J, Chen Z, Gu H (2003). "The Great Wall of China: a physical barrier to gene flow?". Heredity. 90 (3): 212–9. डीओआई:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800237. पीएमआईडी 12634804. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Short RV (1975). "The contribution of the mule to scientific thought". J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. (23): 359–64. पीएमआईडी 1107543. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Freisinger, E; Grollman, AP; Miller, H; Kisker, C (2004). "Lesion (in)tolerance reveals insights into DNA replication fidelity". The EMBO journal. 23 (7): 1494–505. डीओआई:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600158. पीएमसी 391067. पीएमआईडी 15057282. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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Drake JW, Holland JJ (1999). "Mutation rates among RNA viruses". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (24): 13910–3. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13910. पीएमसी 24164. पीएमआईडी 10570172. 13 मार्च 2013 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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Gross B, Rieseberg L (2005). "The ecological genetics of homoploid hybrid speciation". J. Hered. 96 (3): 241–52. डीओआई:10.1093/jhered/esi026. पीएमसी 2517139. पीएमआईडी 15618301. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Soltis P, Soltis D (2000). "The role of genetic and genomic attributes in the success of polyploids". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (13): 7051–7. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.97.13.7051. पीएमसी 34383. पीएमआईडी 10860970. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Kondo N, Nikoh N, Ijichi N, Shimada M, Fukatsu T (2002). "Genome fragment of Wolbachia endosymbiont transferred to X chromosome of host insect". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (22): 14280–5. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.222228199. पीएमसी 137875. पीएमआईडी 12386340. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Baldo A, McClure M (1 सितंबर 1999). "Evolution and horizontal transfer of dUTPase-encoding genes in viruses and their hosts". J. Virol. 73 (9): 7710–21. पीएमसी 104298. पीएमआईडी 10438861. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

palomar.edu

anthro.palomar.edu

O'Neil, Dennis (2008). "Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model". The synthetic theory of evolution: An introduction to modern evolutionary concepts and theories. Behavioral Sciences Department, Palomar College. 19 फ़रवरी 2008 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2008-01-06.

pnas.org

Drake JW, Holland JJ (1999). "Mutation rates among RNA viruses". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (24): 13910–3. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13910. पीएमसी 24164. पीएमआईडी 10570172. 13 मार्च 2013 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)

umt.edu

evoled.dbs.umt.edu

Bright, Kerry (2006). "Causes of evolution". Teach Evolution and Make It Relevant. National Science Foundation. मूल से से 7 अक्तूबर 2010 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-12-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)

web.archive.org

O'Neil, Dennis (2008). "Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model". The synthetic theory of evolution: An introduction to modern evolutionary concepts and theories. Behavioral Sciences Department, Palomar College. 19 फ़रवरी 2008 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2008-01-06.
Bright, Kerry (2006). "Causes of evolution". Teach Evolution and Make It Relevant. National Science Foundation. मूल से से 7 अक्तूबर 2010 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-12-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
डार्विन सी (1859) ऑन द ओरिजिन ऑफ़ स्पिशिज़ बाई मीन्स ऑफ़ नैचरल सिलेक्शन और द प्रिवेंशन ऑफ़ फेवर्ड रेसेस इन द स्ट्रगल फॉर लाइफ जॉन मर्रे, लंडन; मॉडर्न रिप्रिंट Charles Darwin, Julian Huxley (2003). The Origin of Species. Signet Classics. ISBN 0-451-52906-5. पब्लिश्ड ऑनलाइन एट द कम्प्लीट वर्क ऑफ़ चार्ल्स डार्विन ऑनलाइन Archived 2005-06-29 at the वेबैक मशीन: ऑन द ओरिजिन ऑफ़ स्पिशिज़ बाई मीन्स ऑफ़ नैचरल सिलेक्शन और द प्रिज़र्वेशन ऑफ़ फेवर्ड रेसेस इन द स्ट्रगल ऑफ़ लाइफ Archived 2011-08-13 at the वेबैक मशीन.
Drake JW, Holland JJ (1999). "Mutation rates among RNA viruses". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (24): 13910–3. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13910. पीएमसी 24164. पीएमआईडी 10570172. 13 मार्च 2013 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Gregory TR, Hebert PD (1999). "The modulation of DNA content: proximate causes and ultimate consequences". Genome Res. 9 (4): 317–24. डीओआई:10.1101/gr.9.4.317. पीएमआईडी 10207154. मूल से से 23 अगस्त 2014 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |doi_brokendate= ignored (|doi-broken-date= suggested) (help)
Liu N, Okamura K, Tyler DM (2008). "The evolution and functional diversification of animal microRNA genes". Cell Res. 18 (10): 985–96. डीओआई:10.1038/cr.2008.278. पीएमसी 2712117. पीएमआईडी 18711447. 2 फ़रवरी 2015 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Siepel A (2009). "Darwinian alchemy: Human genes from noncoding DNA". Genome Res. 19 (10): 1693–5. डीओआई:10.1101/gr.098376.109. पीएमसी 2765273. पीएमआईडी 19797681. 23 अगस्त 2014 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 अक्तूबर 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)