तापमान (Hindi Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "तापमान" in Hindi language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Hindi rank

8web.archive.org

1^st place

2bnl.gov

5,926^th place

1,526^th place

1tkk.fi

low place

4,661^st place

1uni-freiburg.de

5,792^nd place

4,495^th place

1helsinki.fi

1,670^th place

4,625^th place

1nuclearweaponarchive.org

2,381^st place

1,405^th place

1aps.org

1,503^rd place

2,869^th place

1sandia.gov

low place

4,003^rd place

1umich.edu

459^th place

268^th place

1qps.org

low place

4,758^th place

1fau.edu

6,442^nd place

2,698^th place

1nasa.gov

75^th place

45^th place

1arxiv.org

69^th place

251^st place

1mpg.de

1,624^th place

1,897^th place

1cern.ch

1,959^th place

444^th place

aps.org

prl.aps.org

Peak temperature for a bulk quantity of matter was achieved by a pulsed-power machine used in fusion physics experiments. The term bulk quantity draws a distinction from collisions in particle accelerators wherein high temperature applies only to the debris from two subatomic particles or nuclei at any given instant. The >2 GK temperature was achieved over a period of about ten nanoseconds during shot Z1137. In fact, the iron and manganese ions in the plasma averaged 3.58±0.41 GK (309±35 keV) for 3 ns (ns 112 through 115). Ion Viscous Heating in a Magnetohydrodynamically Unstable Z Pinch at Over 2×१०⁹ Kelvin Archived 2012-04-19 at the वेबैक मशीन, M. G. Haines et al., Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 075003. Link to Sandia's news release. Archived 2010-05-30 at the वेबैक मशीन

arxiv.org

Based on a computer model that predicted a peak internal temperature of 30 MeV (350 GK) during the merger of a binary neutron star system (which produces a gamma–ray burst). The neutron stars in the model were 1.2 and 1.6 solar masses respectively, were roughly 20 km in diameter, and were orbiting around their barycenter (common center of mass) at about 390 Hz during the last several milliseconds before they completely merged. The 350 GK portion was a small volume located at the pair's developing common core and varied from roughly 1 to 7 km across over a time span of around 5 ms. Imagine two city-sized objects of unimaginable density orbiting each other at the same frequency as the G4 musical note (the 28th white key on a piano). It's also noteworthy that at 350 GK, the average neutron has a vibrational speed of 30% the speed of light and a relativistic mass (m) 5% greater than its rest mass (m₀). Torus Formation in Neutron Star Mergers and Well-Localized Short Gamma-Ray Bursts Archived 2014-08-23 at the वेबैक मशीन, R. Oechslin et al. of Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics. Archived 2005-04-03 at the वेबैक मशीन, arXiv:astro-ph/0507099 v2, 22 Feb. 2006. An html summary Archived 2018-01-10 at the वेबैक मशीन.

bnl.gov

phenix.bnl.gov

Results of research by Stefan Bathe using the PHENIX Archived 2008-11-20 at the वेबैक मशीन detector on the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Archived 2016-03-03 at the वेबैक मशीन at Brookhaven National Laboratory Archived 2012-06-24 at the वेबैक मशीन in Upton, New York, U.S.A. Bathe has studied gold-gold, deuteron-gold, and proton-proton collisions to test the theory of quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong force that holds atomic nuclei together. Link to news release. Archived 2017-12-30 at the वेबैक मशीन

bnl.gov

Results of research by Stefan Bathe using the PHENIX Archived 2008-11-20 at the वेबैक मशीन detector on the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Archived 2016-03-03 at the वेबैक मशीन at Brookhaven National Laboratory Archived 2012-06-24 at the वेबैक मशीन in Upton, New York, U.S.A. Bathe has studied gold-gold, deuteron-gold, and proton-proton collisions to test the theory of quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong force that holds atomic nuclei together. Link to news release. Archived 2017-12-30 at the वेबैक मशीन

cern.ch

public.web.cern.ch

How do physicists study particles? Archived 2007-10-11 at the वेबैक मशीन by CERN Archived 2013-02-11 at the वेबैक मशीन.

fau.edu

cosserv3.fau.edu

Core temperature of a high–mass (>8–11 solar masses) star after it leaves the main sequence on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and begins the alpha process (which lasts one day) of fusing silicon–28 into heavier elements in the following steps: sulfur–32 → argon–36 → calcium–40 → titanium–44 → chromium–48 → iron–52 → nickel–56. Within minutes of finishing the sequence, the star explodes as a Type II supernova. Citation: Stellar Evolution: The Life and Death of Our Luminous Neighbors (by Arthur Holland and Mark Williams of the University of Michigan). Link to Web site Archived 2009-01-16 at the वेबैक मशीन. More informative links can be found here "Archived copy". मूल से 2013-04-11 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2016-02-08.सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link), and here "Archived copy". मूल से 2011-08-14 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2016-02-08.सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link), and a concise treatise on stars by NASA is here [1] Archived 2017-07-18 at the वेबैक मशीन. "Archived copy". मूल से January 16, 2009 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2010-10-12. नामालूम प्राचल |deadurl= की उपेक्षा की गयी (मदद)सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link)

helsinki.fi

theory.physics.helsinki.fi

Measurement was made in 2002 and has an uncertainty of ±3 kelvin. A 1989 measurement Archived 2010-02-11 at the वेबैक मशीन produced a value of 5,777.0±2.5 K. Citation: Overview of the Sun Archived 2008-03-07 at the वेबैक मशीन (Chapter 1 lecture notes on Solar Physics by Division of Theoretical Physics, Dept. of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki).

mpg.de

mpa-garching.mpg.de

Based on a computer model that predicted a peak internal temperature of 30 MeV (350 GK) during the merger of a binary neutron star system (which produces a gamma–ray burst). The neutron stars in the model were 1.2 and 1.6 solar masses respectively, were roughly 20 km in diameter, and were orbiting around their barycenter (common center of mass) at about 390 Hz during the last several milliseconds before they completely merged. The 350 GK portion was a small volume located at the pair's developing common core and varied from roughly 1 to 7 km across over a time span of around 5 ms. Imagine two city-sized objects of unimaginable density orbiting each other at the same frequency as the G4 musical note (the 28th white key on a piano). It's also noteworthy that at 350 GK, the average neutron has a vibrational speed of 30% the speed of light and a relativistic mass (m) 5% greater than its rest mass (m₀). Torus Formation in Neutron Star Mergers and Well-Localized Short Gamma-Ray Bursts Archived 2014-08-23 at the वेबैक मशीन, R. Oechslin et al. of Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics. Archived 2005-04-03 at the वेबैक मशीन, arXiv:astro-ph/0507099 v2, 22 Feb. 2006. An html summary Archived 2018-01-10 at the वेबैक मशीन.

nasa.gov

Core temperature of a high–mass (>8–11 solar masses) star after it leaves the main sequence on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and begins the alpha process (which lasts one day) of fusing silicon–28 into heavier elements in the following steps: sulfur–32 → argon–36 → calcium–40 → titanium–44 → chromium–48 → iron–52 → nickel–56. Within minutes of finishing the sequence, the star explodes as a Type II supernova. Citation: Stellar Evolution: The Life and Death of Our Luminous Neighbors (by Arthur Holland and Mark Williams of the University of Michigan). Link to Web site Archived 2009-01-16 at the वेबैक मशीन. More informative links can be found here "Archived copy". मूल से 2013-04-11 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2016-02-08.सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link), and here "Archived copy". मूल से 2011-08-14 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2016-02-08.सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link), and a concise treatise on stars by NASA is here [1] Archived 2017-07-18 at the वेबैक मशीन. "Archived copy". मूल से January 16, 2009 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2010-10-12. नामालूम प्राचल |deadurl= की उपेक्षा की गयी (मदद)सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link)

nuclearweaponarchive.org

The 350 MK value is the maximum peak fusion fuel temperature in a thermonuclear weapon of the Teller–Ulam configuration (commonly known as a hydrogen bomb). Peak temperatures in Gadget-style fission bomb cores (commonly known as an atomic bomb) are in the range of 50 to 100 MK. Citation: Nuclear Weapons Frequently Asked Questions, 3.2.5 Matter At High Temperatures. Link to relevant Web page. Archived 2017-05-21 at the वेबैक मशीन All referenced data was compiled from publicly available sources.

qps.org

schools.qps.org

Core temperature of a high–mass (>8–11 solar masses) star after it leaves the main sequence on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and begins the alpha process (which lasts one day) of fusing silicon–28 into heavier elements in the following steps: sulfur–32 → argon–36 → calcium–40 → titanium–44 → chromium–48 → iron–52 → nickel–56. Within minutes of finishing the sequence, the star explodes as a Type II supernova. Citation: Stellar Evolution: The Life and Death of Our Luminous Neighbors (by Arthur Holland and Mark Williams of the University of Michigan). Link to Web site Archived 2009-01-16 at the वेबैक मशीन. More informative links can be found here "Archived copy". मूल से 2013-04-11 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2016-02-08.सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link), and here "Archived copy". मूल से 2011-08-14 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2016-02-08.सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link), and a concise treatise on stars by NASA is here [1] Archived 2017-07-18 at the वेबैक मशीन. "Archived copy". मूल से January 16, 2009 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2010-10-12. नामालूम प्राचल |deadurl= की उपेक्षा की गयी (मदद)सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link)

sandia.gov

Peak temperature for a bulk quantity of matter was achieved by a pulsed-power machine used in fusion physics experiments. The term bulk quantity draws a distinction from collisions in particle accelerators wherein high temperature applies only to the debris from two subatomic particles or nuclei at any given instant. The >2 GK temperature was achieved over a period of about ten nanoseconds during shot Z1137. In fact, the iron and manganese ions in the plasma averaged 3.58±0.41 GK (309±35 keV) for 3 ns (ns 112 through 115). Ion Viscous Heating in a Magnetohydrodynamically Unstable Z Pinch at Over 2×१०⁹ Kelvin Archived 2012-04-19 at the वेबैक मशीन, M. G. Haines et al., Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 075003. Link to Sandia's news release. Archived 2010-05-30 at the वेबैक मशीन

tkk.fi

ltl.tkk.fi

"World record in low temperatures". मूल से 18 जून 2009 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2009-05-05.

umich.edu

Core temperature of a high–mass (>8–11 solar masses) star after it leaves the main sequence on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and begins the alpha process (which lasts one day) of fusing silicon–28 into heavier elements in the following steps: sulfur–32 → argon–36 → calcium–40 → titanium–44 → chromium–48 → iron–52 → nickel–56. Within minutes of finishing the sequence, the star explodes as a Type II supernova. Citation: Stellar Evolution: The Life and Death of Our Luminous Neighbors (by Arthur Holland and Mark Williams of the University of Michigan). Link to Web site Archived 2009-01-16 at the वेबैक मशीन. More informative links can be found here "Archived copy". मूल से 2013-04-11 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2016-02-08.सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link), and here "Archived copy". मूल से 2011-08-14 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2016-02-08.सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link), and a concise treatise on stars by NASA is here [1] Archived 2017-07-18 at the वेबैक मशीन. "Archived copy". मूल से January 16, 2009 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2010-10-12. नामालूम प्राचल |deadurl= की उपेक्षा की गयी (मदद)सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link)

uni-freiburg.de

kis.uni-freiburg.de

Measurement was made in 2002 and has an uncertainty of ±3 kelvin. A 1989 measurement Archived 2010-02-11 at the वेबैक मशीन produced a value of 5,777.0±2.5 K. Citation: Overview of the Sun Archived 2008-03-07 at the वेबैक मशीन (Chapter 1 lecture notes on Solar Physics by Division of Theoretical Physics, Dept. of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki).

web.archive.org

"World record in low temperatures". मूल से 18 जून 2009 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2009-05-05.
Measurement was made in 2002 and has an uncertainty of ±3 kelvin. A 1989 measurement Archived 2010-02-11 at the वेबैक मशीन produced a value of 5,777.0±2.5 K. Citation: Overview of the Sun Archived 2008-03-07 at the वेबैक मशीन (Chapter 1 lecture notes on Solar Physics by Division of Theoretical Physics, Dept. of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki).
The 350 MK value is the maximum peak fusion fuel temperature in a thermonuclear weapon of the Teller–Ulam configuration (commonly known as a hydrogen bomb). Peak temperatures in Gadget-style fission bomb cores (commonly known as an atomic bomb) are in the range of 50 to 100 MK. Citation: Nuclear Weapons Frequently Asked Questions, 3.2.5 Matter At High Temperatures. Link to relevant Web page. Archived 2017-05-21 at the वेबैक मशीन All referenced data was compiled from publicly available sources.
Peak temperature for a bulk quantity of matter was achieved by a pulsed-power machine used in fusion physics experiments. The term bulk quantity draws a distinction from collisions in particle accelerators wherein high temperature applies only to the debris from two subatomic particles or nuclei at any given instant. The >2 GK temperature was achieved over a period of about ten nanoseconds during shot Z1137. In fact, the iron and manganese ions in the plasma averaged 3.58±0.41 GK (309±35 keV) for 3 ns (ns 112 through 115). Ion Viscous Heating in a Magnetohydrodynamically Unstable Z Pinch at Over 2×१०⁹ Kelvin Archived 2012-04-19 at the वेबैक मशीन, M. G. Haines et al., Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 075003. Link to Sandia's news release. Archived 2010-05-30 at the वेबैक मशीन
Core temperature of a high–mass (>8–11 solar masses) star after it leaves the main sequence on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and begins the alpha process (which lasts one day) of fusing silicon–28 into heavier elements in the following steps: sulfur–32 → argon–36 → calcium–40 → titanium–44 → chromium–48 → iron–52 → nickel–56. Within minutes of finishing the sequence, the star explodes as a Type II supernova. Citation: Stellar Evolution: The Life and Death of Our Luminous Neighbors (by Arthur Holland and Mark Williams of the University of Michigan). Link to Web site Archived 2009-01-16 at the वेबैक मशीन. More informative links can be found here "Archived copy". मूल से 2013-04-11 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2016-02-08.सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link), and here "Archived copy". मूल से 2011-08-14 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2016-02-08.सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link), and a concise treatise on stars by NASA is here [1] Archived 2017-07-18 at the वेबैक मशीन. "Archived copy". मूल से January 16, 2009 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2010-10-12. नामालूम प्राचल |deadurl= की उपेक्षा की गयी (मदद)सीएस1 रखरखाव: Archived copy as title (link)
Based on a computer model that predicted a peak internal temperature of 30 MeV (350 GK) during the merger of a binary neutron star system (which produces a gamma–ray burst). The neutron stars in the model were 1.2 and 1.6 solar masses respectively, were roughly 20 km in diameter, and were orbiting around their barycenter (common center of mass) at about 390 Hz during the last several milliseconds before they completely merged. The 350 GK portion was a small volume located at the pair's developing common core and varied from roughly 1 to 7 km across over a time span of around 5 ms. Imagine two city-sized objects of unimaginable density orbiting each other at the same frequency as the G4 musical note (the 28th white key on a piano). It's also noteworthy that at 350 GK, the average neutron has a vibrational speed of 30% the speed of light and a relativistic mass (m) 5% greater than its rest mass (m₀). Torus Formation in Neutron Star Mergers and Well-Localized Short Gamma-Ray Bursts Archived 2014-08-23 at the वेबैक मशीन, R. Oechslin et al. of Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics. Archived 2005-04-03 at the वेबैक मशीन, arXiv:astro-ph/0507099 v2, 22 Feb. 2006. An html summary Archived 2018-01-10 at the वेबैक मशीन.
Results of research by Stefan Bathe using the PHENIX Archived 2008-11-20 at the वेबैक मशीन detector on the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Archived 2016-03-03 at the वेबैक मशीन at Brookhaven National Laboratory Archived 2012-06-24 at the वेबैक मशीन in Upton, New York, U.S.A. Bathe has studied gold-gold, deuteron-gold, and proton-proton collisions to test the theory of quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong force that holds atomic nuclei together. Link to news release. Archived 2017-12-30 at the वेबैक मशीन
How do physicists study particles? Archived 2007-10-11 at the वेबैक मशीन by CERN Archived 2013-02-11 at the वेबैक मशीन.