Eurasian Crossroads: A History of XinjiangArchived 2012-03-02 at the वेबैक मशीन, James A. Millward, Columbia University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3, ... The Goache or Gaoju people, ancestors of the Uyghurs ... were part of a confederation of many tribes known by the name Tiele ... Chinese sources have called this confederation jiu xing or 'Nine Surnames', which corresponds with the Turkic term 'Toqquz Oghuz' adopted by Muslim sources ... In the eighth-century Orkhon Inscriptions of the Eastern Turk khaghans, 'Toqquz Oghuz' is used in a way that suggests it meant the Turkic peple in a tribal sense broader than the political scope of Kok Turk - there were Toqquz Oghuz tribes that did not accept the political rule of the Turk khaghans ...
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Eurasian Crossroads: A History of XinjiangArchived 2012-03-02 at the वेबैक मशीन, James A. Millward, Columbia University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3, ... The Goache or Gaoju people, ancestors of the Uyghurs ... were part of a confederation of many tribes known by the name Tiele ... Chinese sources have called this confederation jiu xing or 'Nine Surnames', which corresponds with the Turkic term 'Toqquz Oghuz' adopted by Muslim sources ... In the eighth-century Orkhon Inscriptions of the Eastern Turk khaghans, 'Toqquz Oghuz' is used in a way that suggests it meant the Turkic peple in a tribal sense broader than the political scope of Kok Turk - there were Toqquz Oghuz tribes that did not accept the political rule of the Turk khaghans ...
