Manz 1999, पृ॰ 109"In Temür's government, as in those of most nomad dynasties, it is impossible to find a clear distinction between civil and military affairs, or to identify the Persian bureaucracy as solely civil or the Turko-Mongolian solely with military government. In fact, it is difficult to define the sphere of either side of the administration and we find Persians and Chaghatays sharing many tasks. (In discussing the settled bureaucracy and the people who worked within it I use the word Persian in a cultural rather than ethnological sense. In almost all the territories which Temür incorporated into his realm Persian was the primary language of administration and literary culture. Thus the language of the settled 'diwan' was Persian and its scribes had to be thoroughly adept in Persian culture, whatever their ethnic origin.) Temür's Chaghatay emirs were often involved in civil and provincial administration and even in financial affairs, traditionally the province of Persian bureaucracy."
Frances Carney Gies (September–October 1978). "The Man Who Met Tamerlane". Saudi Aramco World. 29 (5). मूल से 8 July 2011 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 26 July 2011.
Frances Carney Gies (September–October 1978). "The Man Who Met Tamerlane". Saudi Aramco World. 29 (5). मूल से 8 July 2011 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 26 July 2011.
"Iqbal'S Hindu Relations". The Telegraph. Calcutta, India. 30 June 2007. मूल से 11 दिसंबर 2017 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 14 अगस्त 2021.
