Russia: people and empire, 1552-1917Archived 2014-06-27 at the वेबैक मशीन, Geoffrey Hosking, Harvard University Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0-674-78119-1, ... intermittently employed the title Tsar' (Caesar or Emperor), when they felt they could get it acknowledged. This symbolic acquisition of authority culminated in the coronation of Ivan IV as Tsar in 1547 ...
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Russia: people and empire, 1552-1917Archived 2014-06-27 at the वेबैक मशीन, Geoffrey Hosking, Harvard University Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0-674-78119-1, ... intermittently employed the title Tsar' (Caesar or Emperor), when they felt they could get it acknowledged. This symbolic acquisition of authority culminated in the coronation of Ivan IV as Tsar in 1547 ...