पृथ्वी पर जीवन के अस्तित्व का इतिहास (Hindi Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "पृथ्वी पर जीवन के अस्तित्व का इतिहास" in Hindi language version.

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Sahney, S. and Benton, M.J. (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological. 275 (1636): 759–65. डीओआई:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. पीएमसी 2596898. पीएमआईडी 18198148. 22 फ़रवरी 2011 को मूल से पुरालेखित (PDF). अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

archive.org

Alemseged, Z., Coppens, Y., Geraads, D. (2002). "Hominid cranium from Homo: Description and taxonomy of Homo-323-1976-896". Am J Phys Anthropol. 117 (2): 103–12. डीओआई:10.1002/ajpa.10032. पीएमआईडी 11815945.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

astrobio.net

"Because the Moon helps stabilize the tilt of the Earth's rotation, it prevents the Earth from wobbling between climatic extremes. Without the Moon, seasonal shifts would likely outpace even the most adaptable forms of life." [1] Archived 2013-11-03 at the वेबैक मशीन Astrobiology Magazine. (URL accessed on August 7, 2010)

berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"The Cambrian Period". 18 जनवरी 2012 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.

bris.ac.uk

palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk

"The Cambrian Explosion – Timing". मूल से से 7 मार्च 2018 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.

brown.edu

geo.brown.edu

Abramov, Oleg; Mojzsis, Stephen J. last2=Mojzsis (2009). "Microbial habitability of the Hadean Earth during the late heavy bombardment" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7245): 419–422. बिबकोड:2009Natur.459..419A. डीओआई:10.1038/nature08015. पीएमआईडी 19458721. मूल से (PDF) से 2 नवंबर 2013 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: May 26, 2013. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing pipe in: |first2= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

caltech.edu

gps.caltech.edu

Kirschvink, J.L. (1992). "Late Proterozoic low-latitude global glaciation: The snowball Earth". In Schopf, JW, and Klein, C. (ed.). The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study (PDF). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 51–52. मूल से (PDF) से 9 सितंबर 2014 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)

doi.org

Abramov, Oleg; Mojzsis, Stephen J. last2=Mojzsis (2009). "Microbial habitability of the Hadean Earth during the late heavy bombardment" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7245): 419–422. बिबकोड:2009Natur.459..419A. डीओआई:10.1038/nature08015. पीएमआईडी 19458721. मूल से (PDF) से 2 नवंबर 2013 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: May 26, 2013. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing pipe in: |first2= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Romano, AH; Conway, T. (1996). "Evolution of carbohydrate metabolic pathways". Res Microbiol. 147 (6–7): 448–55. डीओआई:10.1016/0923-2508(96)83998-2. पीएमआईडी 9084754. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |author-name-separator= (help); Unknown parameter |author-separator= ignored (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
Knowles JR (1980). "Enzyme-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer reactions". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 49 (1): 877–919. डीओआई:10.1146/annurev.bi.49.070180.004305. पीएमआईडी 6250450.
"Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks". Nature Geoscience. 8 दिसम्बर 2013. डीओआई:10.1038/ngeo2025. 11 दिसंबर 2019 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 9 Dec 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. (8 नवम्बर 2013). "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia". Astrobiology (journal). डीओआई:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. 12 मार्च 2017 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 15 नवम्बर 2013.
Hahn, Jürgen; Pat Haug (1986). "Traces of Archaebacteria in ancient sediments". System Applied Microbiology. 7 (Archaebacteria '85 Proceedings): 178–83. डीओआई:10.1016/S0723-2020(86)80002-9.
Olson JM (मई 2006). "Photosynthesis in the Archean era". Photosyn. Res. 88 (2): 109–17. डीओआई:10.1007/s11120-006-9040-5. पीएमआईडी 16453059.
Buick R (अगस्त 2008). "When did oxygenic photosynthesis evolve?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363 (1504): 2731–43. डीओआई:10.1098/rstb.2008.0041. पीएमसी 2606769. पीएमआईडी 18468984.
Beraldi-Campesi H (2013). "Early life on land and the first terrestrial ecosystems" (PDF). Ecol. Proc. 2 (1): 1. डीओआई:10.1186/2192-1709-2-1. मूल से (PDF) से 3 मई 2015 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Knoll, Andrew H.; Javaux, E.J, Hewitt, D. and Cohen, P. (2006). "Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 361 (1470): 1023–38. डीओआई:10.1098/rstb.2006.1843. पीएमसी 1578724. पीएमआईडी 16754612.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Fedonkin, M. A. (मार्च 2003). "The origin of the Metazoa in the light of the Proterozoic fossil record" (PDF). Paleontological Research. 7 (1): 9–41. डीओआई:10.2517/prpsj.7.9. मूल से (PDF) से 26 फ़रवरी 2009 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 2008-09-02.
Hoffman, P.F.; Kaufman, A.J.; Halverson, G.P.; Schrag, D.P. (1998-08-28). "A Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth". Science. 281 (5381): 1342–6. बिबकोड:1998Sci...281.1342H. डीओआई:10.1126/science.281.5381.1342. पीएमआईडी 9721097. 25 सितंबर 2009 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-05-04. Full online article (pdf 260 Kb) Archived 2015-09-24 at the वेबैक मशीन
Corsetti, F.A.; Awramik, S.M.; Pierce, D. (2003-04-15). "A complex microbiota from snowball Earth times: Microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation, Death Valley, USA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (8): 4399–4404. बिबकोड:2003PNAS..100.4399C. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.0730560100. पीएमसी 153566. पीएमआईडी 12682298. 15 मार्च 2008 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-06-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Corsetti, F.A.; Olcott, A.N.; Bakermans, C. (2006). "The biotic response to Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 232 (232): 114–130. डीओआई:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.10.030.
Sahney, S. and Benton, M.J. (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological. 275 (1636): 759–65. डीओआई:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. पीएमसी 2596898. पीएमआईडी 18198148. 22 फ़रवरी 2011 को मूल से पुरालेखित (PDF). अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Chiappe, Luis M., & Dyke, Gareth J. (2002). "The Mesozoic Radiation of Birds". Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics. 33 (1): 91–124. डीओआई:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150517.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Alemseged, Z., Coppens, Y., Geraads, D. (2002). "Hominid cranium from Homo: Description and taxonomy of Homo-323-1976-896". Am J Phys Anthropol. 117 (2): 103–12. डीओआई:10.1002/ajpa.10032. पीएमआईडी 11815945.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Stoneking, Mark; Soodyall, Himla (1996). "Human evolution and the mitochondrial genome". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 6 (6): 731–6. डीओआई:10.1016/S0959-437X(96)80028-1.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

dx.doi.org

doi:10.1038/nature08793
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ecologicalprocesses.com

Beraldi-Campesi H (2013). "Early life on land and the first terrestrial ecosystems" (PDF). Ecol. Proc. 2 (1): 1. डीओआई:10.1186/2192-1709-2-1. मूल से (PDF) से 3 मई 2015 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

elasmo-research.org

"The ancestry of sharks dates back more than 200 million years before the earliest known dinosaur. Introduction to shark evolution, geologic time and age determination Archived 2017-12-07 at the वेबैक मशीन

excite.com

apnews.excite.com

Borenstein, Seth (13 नवम्बर 2013). "Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom". AP News. 29 जून 2015 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 15 नवम्बर 2013.

geoscienceworld.org

paleobiol.geoscienceworld.org

"Nicholas J. Butterfield, "Bangiomorpha pubescens n. gen., n. sp.: implications for the evolution of sex, multicellularity, and the Mesoproterozoic/Neoproterozoic radiation of eukaryotes"". 7 मार्च 2007 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Abramov, Oleg; Mojzsis, Stephen J. last2=Mojzsis (2009). "Microbial habitability of the Hadean Earth during the late heavy bombardment" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7245): 419–422. बिबकोड:2009Natur.459..419A. डीओआई:10.1038/nature08015. पीएमआईडी 19458721. मूल से (PDF) से 2 नवंबर 2013 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: May 26, 2013. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing pipe in: |first2= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Hoffman, P.F.; Kaufman, A.J.; Halverson, G.P.; Schrag, D.P. (1998-08-28). "A Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth". Science. 281 (5381): 1342–6. बिबकोड:1998Sci...281.1342H. डीओआई:10.1126/science.281.5381.1342. पीएमआईडी 9721097. 25 सितंबर 2009 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-05-04. Full online article (pdf 260 Kb) Archived 2015-09-24 at the वेबैक मशीन
Corsetti, F.A.; Awramik, S.M.; Pierce, D. (2003-04-15). "A complex microbiota from snowball Earth times: Microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation, Death Valley, USA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (8): 4399–4404. बिबकोड:2003PNAS..100.4399C. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.0730560100. पीएमसी 153566. पीएमआईडी 12682298. 15 मार्च 2008 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-06-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

innovations-report.com

"The oldest fossils of footprints ever found on land hint that animals may have beaten plants out of the primordial seas. Lobster-sized, centipede-like or slug like animals such as Protichnites and Climactichnites made the prints wading out of the ocean and scuttling over sand dunes about 530 million years ago. Previous fossils indicated that animals didn't take this step until 40 million years later." Oldest fossil footprints on land Archived 2013-11-02 at the वेबैक मशीन

liebertpub.com

online.liebertpub.com

Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. (8 नवम्बर 2013). "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia". Astrobiology (journal). डीओआई:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. 12 मार्च 2017 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 15 नवम्बर 2013.

msn.com

msnbc.msn.com

"It's official: Caribbean monk seal is extinct", MSNBC.com Archived 2012-10-23 at the वेबैक मशीन 6 जून 2008

nasa.gov

disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov

"Formation of the Ozone Layer". Goddard Earth Sciences and Information Services. NASA. सितम्बर 9, 2009. मूल से से 27 सितंबर 2014 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: May 26, 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

Christine Dell'Amore (24 अप्रैल 2014). "Meet Kryptodrakon: Oldest Known Pterodactyl Found in China". National Geographic. 29 दिसंबर 2018 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 25 अप्रैल 2014. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)

nature.com

"Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks". Nature Geoscience. 8 दिसम्बर 2013. डीओआई:10.1038/ngeo2025. 11 दिसंबर 2019 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 9 Dec 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Abramov, Oleg; Mojzsis, Stephen J. last2=Mojzsis (2009). "Microbial habitability of the Hadean Earth during the late heavy bombardment" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7245): 419–422. बिबकोड:2009Natur.459..419A. डीओआई:10.1038/nature08015. पीएमआईडी 19458721. मूल से (PDF) से 2 नवंबर 2013 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: May 26, 2013. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing pipe in: |first2= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Romano, AH; Conway, T. (1996). "Evolution of carbohydrate metabolic pathways". Res Microbiol. 147 (6–7): 448–55. डीओआई:10.1016/0923-2508(96)83998-2. पीएमआईडी 9084754. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |author-name-separator= (help); Unknown parameter |author-separator= ignored (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
Knowles JR (1980). "Enzyme-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer reactions". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 49 (1): 877–919. डीओआई:10.1146/annurev.bi.49.070180.004305. पीएमआईडी 6250450.
Olson JM (मई 2006). "Photosynthesis in the Archean era". Photosyn. Res. 88 (2): 109–17. डीओआई:10.1007/s11120-006-9040-5. पीएमआईडी 16453059.
Buick R (अगस्त 2008). "When did oxygenic photosynthesis evolve?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363 (1504): 2731–43. डीओआई:10.1098/rstb.2008.0041. पीएमसी 2606769. पीएमआईडी 18468984.
Bernstein H, Bernstein C (मई 1989). "Bacteriophage T4 genetic homologies with bacteria and eucaryotes". J. Bacteriol. 171 (5): 2265–70. पीएमसी 209897. पीएमआईडी 2651395. 6 अप्रैल 2015 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.
Knoll, Andrew H.; Javaux, E.J, Hewitt, D. and Cohen, P. (2006). "Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 361 (1470): 1023–38. डीओआई:10.1098/rstb.2006.1843. पीएमसी 1578724. पीएमआईडी 16754612.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hoffman, P.F.; Kaufman, A.J.; Halverson, G.P.; Schrag, D.P. (1998-08-28). "A Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth". Science. 281 (5381): 1342–6. बिबकोड:1998Sci...281.1342H. डीओआई:10.1126/science.281.5381.1342. पीएमआईडी 9721097. 25 सितंबर 2009 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-05-04. Full online article (pdf 260 Kb) Archived 2015-09-24 at the वेबैक मशीन
Corsetti, F.A.; Awramik, S.M.; Pierce, D. (2003-04-15). "A complex microbiota from snowball Earth times: Microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation, Death Valley, USA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (8): 4399–4404. बिबकोड:2003PNAS..100.4399C. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.0730560100. पीएमसी 153566. पीएमआईडी 12682298. 15 मार्च 2008 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-06-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Sahney, S. and Benton, M.J. (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological. 275 (1636): 759–65. डीओआई:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. पीएमसी 2596898. पीएमआईडी 18198148. 22 फ़रवरी 2011 को मूल से पुरालेखित (PDF). अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Alemseged, Z., Coppens, Y., Geraads, D. (2002). "Hominid cranium from Homo: Description and taxonomy of Homo-323-1976-896". Am J Phys Anthropol. 117 (2): 103–12. डीओआई:10.1002/ajpa.10032. पीएमआईडी 11815945.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Buick R (अगस्त 2008). "When did oxygenic photosynthesis evolve?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363 (1504): 2731–43. डीओआई:10.1098/rstb.2008.0041. पीएमसी 2606769. पीएमआईडी 18468984.
Bernstein H, Bernstein C (मई 1989). "Bacteriophage T4 genetic homologies with bacteria and eucaryotes". J. Bacteriol. 171 (5): 2265–70. पीएमसी 209897. पीएमआईडी 2651395. 6 अप्रैल 2015 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.
Knoll, Andrew H.; Javaux, E.J, Hewitt, D. and Cohen, P. (2006). "Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 361 (1470): 1023–38. डीओआई:10.1098/rstb.2006.1843. पीएमसी 1578724. पीएमआईडी 16754612.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Bernstein H, Byerly HC, Hopf FA, Michod RE. (1984). Origin of sex. J Theor Biol. 110(3):323-51. PMID 6209512
Corsetti, F.A.; Awramik, S.M.; Pierce, D. (2003-04-15). "A complex microbiota from snowball Earth times: Microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation, Death Valley, USA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (8): 4399–4404. बिबकोड:2003PNAS..100.4399C. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.0730560100. पीएमसी 153566. पीएमआईडी 12682298. 15 मार्च 2008 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-06-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Sahney, S. and Benton, M.J. (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological. 275 (1636): 759–65. डीओआई:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. पीएमसी 2596898. पीएमआईडी 18198148. 22 फ़रवरी 2011 को मूल से पुरालेखित (PDF). अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

novapublishers.com

Bernstein H, Bernstein C, Michod RE (2012). DNA repair as the primary adaptive function of sex in bacteria and eukaryotes. Chapter 1: pp.1-49 in: DNA Repair: New Research, Sakura Kimura and Sora Shimizu editors. Nova Sci. Publ., Hauppauge, N.Y. ISBN 978-1-62100-808-8 https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=31918 Archived 2013-10-29 at the वेबैक मशीन

palaeos.org

"Amniota - Palaeos". मूल से से 8 जुलाई 2012 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.

paleo.ru

vend.paleo.ru

Fedonkin, M. A. (मार्च 2003). "The origin of the Metazoa in the light of the Proterozoic fossil record" (PDF). Paleontological Research. 7 (1): 9–41. डीओआई:10.2517/prpsj.7.9. मूल से (PDF) से 26 फ़रवरी 2009 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 2008-09-02.

pnas.org

Corsetti, F.A.; Awramik, S.M.; Pierce, D. (2003-04-15). "A complex microbiota from snowball Earth times: Microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation, Death Valley, USA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (8): 4399–4404. बिबकोड:2003PNAS..100.4399C. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.0730560100. पीएमसी 153566. पीएमआईडी 12682298. 15 मार्च 2008 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-06-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

psi.edu

Planetary Science Institute page Archived 2011-06-08 at the वेबैक मशीन on the Giant Impact Hypothesis. Hartmann and Davis belonged to the PSI. This page also contains several paintings of the impact by Hartmann himself.

queensu.ca

geol.queensu.ca

Narbonne, Guy (जून 2006). "The Origin and Early Evolution of Animals". Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University. मूल से से 24 जुलाई 2015 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-03-10.

researchpages.net

"संग्रहीत प्रति" (PDF). मूल से (PDF) से 10 सितंबर 2008 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.

royalsociety.org

journals.royalsociety.org

Sahney, S. and Benton, M.J. (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological. 275 (1636): 759–65. डीओआई:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. पीएमसी 2596898. पीएमआईडी 18198148. 22 फ़रवरी 2011 को मूल से पुरालेखित (PDF). अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

sciam.com

Carl Woese, J Peter Gogarten, "When did eukaryotic cells (cells with nuclei and other internal organelles) first evolve? What do we know about how they evolved from earlier life-forms? Archived 2007-10-13 at the वेबैक मशीन" Scientific American, October 21, 1999.

sciencedaily.com

The Oldest Homo Sapiens: Archived 2014-10-01 at the वेबैक मशीन - URL retrieved May 15, 2009

sciencemag.org

Hoffman, P.F.; Kaufman, A.J.; Halverson, G.P.; Schrag, D.P. (1998-08-28). "A Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth". Science. 281 (5381): 1342–6. बिबकोड:1998Sci...281.1342H. डीओआई:10.1126/science.281.5381.1342. पीएमआईडी 9721097. 25 सितंबर 2009 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-05-04. Full online article (pdf 260 Kb) Archived 2015-09-24 at the वेबैक मशीन

snowballearth.org

Hoffman, P.F.; Kaufman, A.J.; Halverson, G.P.; Schrag, D.P. (1998-08-28). "A Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth". Science. 281 (5381): 1342–6. बिबकोड:1998Sci...281.1342H. डीओआई:10.1126/science.281.5381.1342. पीएमआईडी 9721097. 25 सितंबर 2009 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-05-04. Full online article (pdf 260 Kb) Archived 2015-09-24 at the वेबैक मशीन

space.com

Moskowitz, Clara (29 मार्च 2012). "Life's Building Blocks May Have Formed in Dust Around Young Sun". Space.com. 8 अगस्त 2012 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 30 मार्च 2012.

stratigraphy.org

"International Stratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. मूल से (PDF) से 22 अक्तूबर 2006 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 2009-02-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)

tools.wmflabs.org

doi:10.1038/nature08793
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uct.ac.za

mcb.uct.ac.za

"Viruses of nearly all the major classes of organisms—animals, plants, fungi and bacteria/archaea—probably evolved with their hosts in the seas, given that most of the evolution of life on this planet has occurred there. This means that viruses also probably emerged from the waters with their different hosts, during the successive waves of colonisation of the terrestrial environment." Origins of Viruses Archived 2009-05-09 at the वेबैक मशीन (URL accessed on January 9, 2005)

ufl.edu

clas.ufl.edu

"The oldest fossils reveal evolution of non-vascular plants by the middle to late Ordovician Period (~450–440 Ma) on the basis of fossil spores" Transition of plants to land Archived 2008-03-02 at the वेबैक मशीन

uwichill.edu.bb

scitec.uwichill.edu.bb

"The land plants evolved from the algae, more specifically green algae, as suggested by certain common biochemical traits" The first land plants Archived 2018-01-01 at the वेबैक मशीन

web.archive.org

Planetary Science Institute page Archived 2011-06-08 at the वेबैक मशीन on the Giant Impact Hypothesis. Hartmann and Davis belonged to the PSI. This page also contains several paintings of the impact by Hartmann himself.
"Because the Moon helps stabilize the tilt of the Earth's rotation, it prevents the Earth from wobbling between climatic extremes. Without the Moon, seasonal shifts would likely outpace even the most adaptable forms of life." [1] Archived 2013-11-03 at the वेबैक मशीन Astrobiology Magazine. (URL accessed on August 7, 2010)
Abramov, Oleg; Mojzsis, Stephen J. last2=Mojzsis (2009). "Microbial habitability of the Hadean Earth during the late heavy bombardment" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7245): 419–422. बिबकोड:2009Natur.459..419A. डीओआई:10.1038/nature08015. पीएमआईडी 19458721. मूल से (PDF) से 2 नवंबर 2013 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: May 26, 2013. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing pipe in: |first2= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Carl Woese, J Peter Gogarten, "When did eukaryotic cells (cells with nuclei and other internal organelles) first evolve? What do we know about how they evolved from earlier life-forms? Archived 2007-10-13 at the वेबैक मशीन" Scientific American, October 21, 1999.
"Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks". Nature Geoscience. 8 दिसम्बर 2013. डीओआई:10.1038/ngeo2025. 11 दिसंबर 2019 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 9 Dec 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
Borenstein, Seth (13 नवम्बर 2013). "Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom". AP News. 29 जून 2015 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 15 नवम्बर 2013.
Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. (8 नवम्बर 2013). "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia". Astrobiology (journal). डीओआई:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. 12 मार्च 2017 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 15 नवम्बर 2013.
Doolittle, W. Ford (February, 2000). Uprooting the tree of life. Scientific American 282 (6): 90–95.
Beraldi-Campesi H (2013). "Early life on land and the first terrestrial ecosystems" (PDF). Ecol. Proc. 2 (1): 1. डीओआई:10.1186/2192-1709-2-1. मूल से (PDF) से 3 मई 2015 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Bernstein H, Bernstein C (मई 1989). "Bacteriophage T4 genetic homologies with bacteria and eucaryotes". J. Bacteriol. 171 (5): 2265–70. पीएमसी 209897. पीएमआईडी 2651395. 6 अप्रैल 2015 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.
Fedonkin, M. A. (मार्च 2003). "The origin of the Metazoa in the light of the Proterozoic fossil record" (PDF). Paleontological Research. 7 (1): 9–41. डीओआई:10.2517/prpsj.7.9. मूल से (PDF) से 26 फ़रवरी 2009 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 2008-09-02.
Bernstein H, Bernstein C, Michod RE (2012). DNA repair as the primary adaptive function of sex in bacteria and eukaryotes. Chapter 1: pp.1-49 in: DNA Repair: New Research, Sakura Kimura and Sora Shimizu editors. Nova Sci. Publ., Hauppauge, N.Y. ISBN 978-1-62100-808-8 https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=31918 Archived 2013-10-29 at the वेबैक मशीन
"Nicholas J. Butterfield, "Bangiomorpha pubescens n. gen., n. sp.: implications for the evolution of sex, multicellularity, and the Mesoproterozoic/Neoproterozoic radiation of eukaryotes"". 7 मार्च 2007 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.
Hoffman, P.F.; Kaufman, A.J.; Halverson, G.P.; Schrag, D.P. (1998-08-28). "A Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth". Science. 281 (5381): 1342–6. बिबकोड:1998Sci...281.1342H. डीओआई:10.1126/science.281.5381.1342. पीएमआईडी 9721097. 25 सितंबर 2009 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-05-04. Full online article (pdf 260 Kb) Archived 2015-09-24 at the वेबैक मशीन
Kirschvink, J.L. (1992). "Late Proterozoic low-latitude global glaciation: The snowball Earth". In Schopf, JW, and Klein, C. (ed.). The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study (PDF). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 51–52. मूल से (PDF) से 9 सितंबर 2014 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
"संग्रहीत प्रति" (PDF). मूल से (PDF) से 10 सितंबर 2008 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.
Corsetti, F.A.; Awramik, S.M.; Pierce, D. (2003-04-15). "A complex microbiota from snowball Earth times: Microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation, Death Valley, USA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (8): 4399–4404. बिबकोड:2003PNAS..100.4399C. डीओआई:10.1073/pnas.0730560100. पीएमसी 153566. पीएमआईडी 12682298. 15 मार्च 2008 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-06-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"Formation of the Ozone Layer". Goddard Earth Sciences and Information Services. NASA. सितम्बर 9, 2009. मूल से से 27 सितंबर 2014 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: May 26, 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Narbonne, Guy (जून 2006). "The Origin and Early Evolution of Animals". Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University. मूल से से 24 जुलाई 2015 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-03-10.
"The Cambrian Period". 18 जनवरी 2012 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.
"The Cambrian Explosion – Timing". मूल से से 7 मार्च 2018 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.
"The oldest fossils of footprints ever found on land hint that animals may have beaten plants out of the primordial seas. Lobster-sized, centipede-like or slug like animals such as Protichnites and Climactichnites made the prints wading out of the ocean and scuttling over sand dunes about 530 million years ago. Previous fossils indicated that animals didn't take this step until 40 million years later." Oldest fossil footprints on land Archived 2013-11-02 at the वेबैक मशीन
"The oldest fossils reveal evolution of non-vascular plants by the middle to late Ordovician Period (~450–440 Ma) on the basis of fossil spores" Transition of plants to land Archived 2008-03-02 at the वेबैक मशीन
"The land plants evolved from the algae, more specifically green algae, as suggested by certain common biochemical traits" The first land plants Archived 2018-01-01 at the वेबैक मशीन
"The ancestry of sharks dates back more than 200 million years before the earliest known dinosaur. Introduction to shark evolution, geologic time and age determination Archived 2017-12-07 at the वेबैक मशीन
"Viruses of nearly all the major classes of organisms—animals, plants, fungi and bacteria/archaea—probably evolved with their hosts in the seas, given that most of the evolution of life on this planet has occurred there. This means that viruses also probably emerged from the waters with their different hosts, during the successive waves of colonisation of the terrestrial environment." Origins of Viruses Archived 2009-05-09 at the वेबैक मशीन (URL accessed on January 9, 2005)
Christine Dell'Amore (24 अप्रैल 2014). "Meet Kryptodrakon: Oldest Known Pterodactyl Found in China". National Geographic. 29 दिसंबर 2018 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 25 अप्रैल 2014. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
The Oldest Homo Sapiens: Archived 2014-10-01 at the वेबैक मशीन - URL retrieved May 15, 2009
"International Stratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. मूल से (PDF) से 22 अक्तूबर 2006 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 2009-02-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
"It's official: Caribbean monk seal is extinct", MSNBC.com Archived 2012-10-23 at the वेबैक मशीन 6 जून 2008

webcitation.org

Moskowitz, Clara (29 मार्च 2012). "Life's Building Blocks May Have Formed in Dust Around Young Sun". Space.com. 8 अगस्त 2012 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 30 मार्च 2012.
"Amniota - Palaeos". मूल से से 8 जुलाई 2012 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 18 सितंबर 2014.

wikipedia.org

hi.wikipedia.org

doi:10.1038/nature08793
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