Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "शराब पर ईसाई विचार" in Hindi language version.
Christians who are committed to total abstinence have sometimes interpreted biblical references to wine as meaning unfermented grape juice, but this is surely inconsistent with the recognition of both good and evil in the biblical attitude to wine. It is self-evident that human choice plays a crucial role in the use or abuse of alcohol.
|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|last1= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |first1= और |first= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |ISBN= और |isbn= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|ISBN= और |isbn= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|ISBN= और |isbn= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|ISBN= और |isbn= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)[E]ven if the wine Jesus drank had a lower alcohol context than today's wine, the issue is still moderation not abstinence. The believer may not be able to drink as many glasses of modern wine compared to ancient wine and remain within the bounds of moderation. Instead of drinking 20 glasses of ancient wine, we'd have to limit ourselves to 2 glasses of modern wine. But still, the issue is moderation, not abstinence.
I tell you, I will not drink from this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
'Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner and another after that' (1 Cor 7:7). It is with some hesitation, therefore, that we determine the measure of nourishment for others. However, making allowance for the weakness of the infirm, we think one hemina of wine a day is sufficient for each one. But to whom God granteth the endurance of abstinence, let them know that they will have their special reward. If the circumstances of the place, or the work, or the summer's heat should require more, let that depend on the judgment of the Superior, who must above all things see to it, that excess or drunkenness do not creep in.
|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|ISBN= और |isbn= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)‘The Canons had also a great Respect to the external and publick Behaviour of the Clergy; obliging them to walk circumspectly, and abstain from things of ill Fame, though otherwise innocent and indifferent in themselves; that they might cut off all Occasions of Obloquy, by avoiding all suspicious Actions and All Appearances of Evil. In regard to which they not only censured them for Rioting and Drunkenness (which were vices not to be tolerated even in laymen) but forbad them to so much as eat or appear in a publick Inn or Tavern, except they were upon a Journey, or some such necessary Occasion required them to do it under Pain of ecclesiastical censure. The Council of Laodecia [b] and the third council of Carthage [c] forbid it universally to all Orders of the Clergy; and the Apostolic Canons [d] more expressly, with a Denunciation of Censure...’
|author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |ISBN= और |isbn= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)it was widely different from that medicated and sophisticated beverage which goes now under that name. The yayin of the Hebrews, the oinos of the Greeks, and vinum of the ancient Romans, meant simply the expressed juice of the grape, sometimes drunk just after it was expressed ... at other times after fermentation... By the ancient Hebrews, I believe it was chiefly drunk in its first or simple state; hence it was termed among them the fruit of the vine; ... The matters made use of by Jesus Christ, on this solemn occasion, were unleavened bread, and the produce of the vine, i.e. pure wine.
|last1= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |first1= और |first= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|ISBN= और |isbn= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)The [Catholic] Church teaches ... that wine, like food, sex, laughter, and dancing, is a good thing when enjoyed in its proper time and context. To abuse any good thing is a sin, but the thing abused does not itself become sinful.
|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)Like his contemporaries, Chrysostom distinguisted between types of wine, saying ‘it cannot be that one and the same thing should work opposite effects.’
|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)‘... for the drunkard is not always drunk, and a man may be drunk on one occasion without being a drunkard. However, in the case of a righteous man, we require to account for even one instance of drunkenness.’
|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)'Every one hath his proper gift from God, one after this manner and another after that' (1 Cor 7:7). It is with some hesitation, therefore, that we determine the measure of nourishment for others. However, making allowance for the weakness of the infirm, we think one hemina of wine a day is sufficient for each one. But to whom God granteth the endurance of abstinence, let them know that they will have their special reward. If the circumstances of the place, or the work, or the summer's heat should require more, let that depend on the judgment of the Superior, who must above all things see to it, that excess or drunkenness do not creep in.
|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)If [a monk] doth not amend after [being twice tardy], let him not be permitted to eat at the common table; but separated from the company of all, let him eat alone, his portion of wine being taken from him, until he hath made satisfaction and hath amended.
|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)A man may have wisdom in two ways. First, in a general way, according as it is sufficient for salvation: and in this way it is required, in order to have wisdom, not that a man abstain altogether from wine, but that he abstain from its immoderate use. Secondly, a man may have wisdom in some degree of perfection: and in this way, in order to receive wisdom perfectly, it is requisite for certain persons that they abstain altogether from wine, and this depends on circumstances of certain persons and places.
|author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)This sacrament can only be performed with wine from the grape.... Now that is properly called wine, which is drawn from the grape, whereas other liquors are called wine from resemblance to the wine of the grape.... Must, however, has already the species of wine, for its sweetness indicates fermentation which is 'the result of its natural heat' (Meteor . iv); consequently this sacrament can be made from must.... It is furthermore forbidden to offer must in the chalice, as soon as it has been squeezed from the grape, since this is unbecoming owing to the impurity of the must. But in case of necessity it may be done.
|author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)51. If any bishop, or presbyter, or deacon, or indeed any one of the sacerdotal catalogue, abstains from marriage, flesh, and wine, not for his own exercise, but because he abominates these things, forgetting that 'all things were very good,' and that 'God made man male and female,' and blasphemously abuses the creation, either let him reform, or let him be deprived [of his office], and be cast out of the Church; and the same for one of the laity.
|chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)Even today, [Jewish] priests may not bless the congregation after having even a single glass of wine.
For the general population, no specific Scriptures forbid wine consumption in small amounts ... In our society, with so much damage being done by drinking, many who think it is okay to drink need to reexamine the practice ... And for us parents who have to be concerned about the behaviors we are modeling, abstinence is the best choice.
|last1= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |first1= और |first= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |pmc= और |PMC= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |pmid= और |PMID= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |DOI= और |doi= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)Also among the beliefs of the [heretical] Encratites is the rejection of the drinking of wine. In fact, the Encratites even went so far as to substitute water for wine in the Eucharist service.
While many Lutheran congregations also provide grape juice or unfermented wine as an alternative, Lutherans have more emphasized the historical and ecumenical continuities which wine provides, as well as the richness and multivalences of its symbolic associations.
|chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)Wide scale temperance movements and anti-alcohol sentiments have not been, and are not, found in southern European Roman Catholic countries.... In hard-drinking eastern European Catholic countries, such as Russia and Poland, sporadic anti-drunk campaigns have been launched but have only been short lived. This has also been found in Ireland (Levine, 1992).
|author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|last1= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |first1= और |first= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |pmc= और |PMC= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |pmid= और |PMID= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |DOI= और |doi= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|last1= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |first1= और |first= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |pmc= और |PMC= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |pmid= और |PMID= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |DOI= और |doi= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|editor-last= और |editor= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)सीएस1 रखरखाव: फालतू पाठ: editors list (link)I have had one thought about our citizens in general. I wish they would lay aside the use of wine and strong drink in general. God would suddenly and certainly work. I am determined not to go out of my way on that matter for five hundred presidents and all the bishops in the world.
|last1= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |first1= और |first= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)‘Those beer shops are the curse of this country—no good ever can come of them, and the evil they do no tongue can tell; the publics were bad enough, but the beer-shops are a pest; I wish the man who made the law to open them had to keep all the families that they have brought to ruin. Beer shops are the enemies of the home; therefore, the sooner their licenses are taken away, the better. Poor men don’t need such places, nor rich men either; they are all worse and no better, like Tom Norton's wife. Anything that hurts the home is a curse and ought to be hunted down, as gamekeepers do to the vermin in the copses.’
So alcohol, sex, the body, money, television, and music are all good things. It is only the abuse of these things that is bad—drunkenness, pornography, compulsive gambling, etc. Even drugs marijuana, cocaine, heroin—all have good uses for medical and other reasons. It's only the abuse of them for pleasure that is wrong.
[E]vangelical leaders are divided over the consumption of alcohol. About four-in-ten (42%) say it is compatible with being a good evangelical, while 52% say it is incompatible. Leaders from sub-Saharan Africa are especially likely to oppose alcohol use; 78% of them say it is incompatible with being a good evangelical, as do 78% of evangelical leaders who live in Muslim-majority countries.
[E]ven if the wine Jesus drank had a lower alcohol context than today's wine, the issue is still moderation not abstinence. The believer may not be able to drink as many glasses of modern wine compared to ancient wine and remain within the bounds of moderation. Instead of drinking 20 glasses of ancient wine, we'd have to limit ourselves to 2 glasses of modern wine. But still, the issue is moderation, not abstinence.
|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)The Salvation Army ... has historically required total abstinence of its soldiers and officers. While not condemning those outside its ranks who choose to indulge, it nevertheless believes total abstinence to be the only certain guarantee against overindulgence and the evils attendant on addiction.[मृत कड़ियाँ]
We declare afresh our unalterable opposition to the whole liquor traffic, whisky, beer, and wine, and to the license system by which this most blighting and corrupting traffic fastened upon our body social and body politic.... We stand unalterable for total abstinence on the part of the individual and for prohibition by the government, local, State, and National, and that we declare relentless war upon the liquor traffic, both legal and illegal, until it shall be banished.... [T]his Convention earnestly recommends to our Baptist people, both pastors and churches, that the churches take a firm and consistent stand against all indulgence in the use of intoxicating liquors, including wine and beer, and against all participation in their sale by members of the churches, and that we seek as rapidly as possible to educate our people against the folly and sin of such use and sale, and that as rapidly as possible our churches shall be relieved of the open shame and burden of church members in any way connected with the unholy traffic
RESOLVED ... total opposition to the manufacturing, advertising, distributing, and consuming of alcoholic beverages.
Wine, in moderate quantity, has a wondrous tendency to revive and invigorate the human being. Ardent spirits exhilarate, but they exhaust the strength; and every dose leaves man the worse. Unadulterated wine, on the contrary, exhilarates and invigorates: it makes him cheerful, and provides for the continuance of that cheerfulness by strengthening the muscles, and bracing the nerves. This is its use. Those who continue drinking till wine inflames them, abase this mercy of God.
|author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|last1= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |first1= और |first= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)... as alcoholism destroyed families and neighborhoods in England during the late 1800′s, Spurgeon decided that total abstinence was the wisest practice for the cultural context in which he found himself.
|author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)I tell you, I will not drink from this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
Christians who are committed to total abstinence have sometimes interpreted biblical references to wine as meaning unfermented grape juice, but this is surely inconsistent with the recognition of both good and evil in the biblical attitude to wine. It is self-evident that human choice plays a crucial role in the use or abuse of alcohol.
|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)Even today, [Jewish] priests may not bless the congregation after having even a single glass of wine.
|author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)Also among the beliefs of the [heretical] Encratites is the rejection of the drinking of wine. In fact, the Encratites even went so far as to substitute water for wine in the Eucharist service.
|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)Like his contemporaries, Chrysostom distinguisted between types of wine, saying ‘it cannot be that one and the same thing should work opposite effects.’
|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)‘... for the drunkard is not always drunk, and a man may be drunk on one occasion without being a drunkard. However, in the case of a righteous man, we require to account for even one instance of drunkenness.’
|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|editor-last= और |editor= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)सीएस1 रखरखाव: फालतू पाठ: editors list (link)I have had one thought about our citizens in general. I wish they would lay aside the use of wine and strong drink in general. God would suddenly and certainly work. I am determined not to go out of my way on that matter for five hundred presidents and all the bishops in the world.
|last1= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |first1= और |first= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|chapterurl= और |chapter-url= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|author-link= और |authorlink= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)|ISBN= और |isbn= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)Wide scale temperance movements and anti-alcohol sentiments have not been, and are not, found in southern European Roman Catholic countries.... In hard-drinking eastern European Catholic countries, such as Russia and Poland, sporadic anti-drunk campaigns have been launched but have only been short lived. This has also been found in Ireland (Levine, 1992).
|last1= और |last= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद); |first1= और |first= के एक से अधिक मान दिए गए हैं (मदद)[E]vangelical leaders are divided over the consumption of alcohol. About four-in-ten (42%) say it is compatible with being a good evangelical, while 52% say it is incompatible. Leaders from sub-Saharan Africa are especially likely to oppose alcohol use; 78% of them say it is incompatible with being a good evangelical, as do 78% of evangelical leaders who live in Muslim-majority countries.
The [Catholic] Church teaches ... that wine, like food, sex, laughter, and dancing, is a good thing when enjoyed in its proper time and context. To abuse any good thing is a sin, but the thing abused does not itself become sinful.
So alcohol, sex, the body, money, television, and music are all good things. It is only the abuse of these things that is bad—drunkenness, pornography, compulsive gambling, etc. Even drugs marijuana, cocaine, heroin—all have good uses for medical and other reasons. It's only the abuse of them for pleasure that is wrong.
While many Lutheran congregations also provide grape juice or unfermented wine as an alternative, Lutherans have more emphasized the historical and ecumenical continuities which wine provides, as well as the richness and multivalences of its symbolic associations.
For the general population, no specific Scriptures forbid wine consumption in small amounts ... In our society, with so much damage being done by drinking, many who think it is okay to drink need to reexamine the practice ... And for us parents who have to be concerned about the behaviors we are modeling, abstinence is the best choice.
We declare afresh our unalterable opposition to the whole liquor traffic, whisky, beer, and wine, and to the license system by which this most blighting and corrupting traffic fastened upon our body social and body politic.... We stand unalterable for total abstinence on the part of the individual and for prohibition by the government, local, State, and National, and that we declare relentless war upon the liquor traffic, both legal and illegal, until it shall be banished.... [T]his Convention earnestly recommends to our Baptist people, both pastors and churches, that the churches take a firm and consistent stand against all indulgence in the use of intoxicating liquors, including wine and beer, and against all participation in their sale by members of the churches, and that we seek as rapidly as possible to educate our people against the folly and sin of such use and sale, and that as rapidly as possible our churches shall be relieved of the open shame and burden of church members in any way connected with the unholy traffic
RESOLVED ... total opposition to the manufacturing, advertising, distributing, and consuming of alcoholic beverages.
‘Those beer shops are the curse of this country—no good ever can come of them, and the evil they do no tongue can tell; the publics were bad enough, but the beer-shops are a pest; I wish the man who made the law to open them had to keep all the families that they have brought to ruin. Beer shops are the enemies of the home; therefore, the sooner their licenses are taken away, the better. Poor men don’t need such places, nor rich men either; they are all worse and no better, like Tom Norton's wife. Anything that hurts the home is a curse and ought to be hunted down, as gamekeepers do to the vermin in the copses.’
... as alcoholism destroyed families and neighborhoods in England during the late 1800′s, Spurgeon decided that total abstinence was the wisest practice for the cultural context in which he found himself.
The Salvation Army ... has historically required total abstinence of its soldiers and officers. While not condemning those outside its ranks who choose to indulge, it nevertheless believes total abstinence to be the only certain guarantee against overindulgence and the evils attendant on addiction.[मृत कड़ियाँ]