Western Man and the Modern World: Origins of Western civilization, Leonard Frank James, Pergamon, 1973, ... This class of people who had nothing to give the state except their children were called the 'proletariat', after the Roman word 'proles', meaning offspring ...
Essentials of Sociology, David B. Brinkerhoff, Lynn K. White, Suzanne T. Ortega, pp. 145, Cengage Learning, 2007, ISBN 978-0-495-09636-8, ... The bourgeoisie is the class that owns the tools and materials for their work—the means of production. The proletariat is the class that does not own the means of production ...
Analyzing Politics: An Introduction to Political Science, Ellen Grigsby, pp. 114, Cengage Learning, 2011, ISBN 978-1-111-34277-7, ... The bourgeoisie is the class that lives primarily by purchasing the labor power of others and using this labor to operate the factories and businesses owned by the bourgeoisie. Thus, generally, the proletariat consists of people who work for wages ...
