Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "सेल्युकस-चंद्रगुप्त युद्ध" in Hindi language version.
Chandragupta soon conquered the whole of the Punjab. Some of the land in the extreme north was held by the Greek general Seleucus Nicator. Chandragupta fought a long campaign against him and finally defeated him in 303 B.C. He acquired the territory across the Indus in part of what is now modern Afghanistan. There was also a marriage alliance between the two families. In addition, Chandragupta had conquered parts of Central India, so that by the time his reign ended, northern India was under the Mauryas.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)Seleucus had to purchase peace by ceding to Chandragupta territories then known as Aria, Arachosia, and Paropanisadae (the capitals of which were respectively the cities now known as Herat, Kandahar and Kabul), and probably also a part of Gedrosia (Baluchistan). In return Chandragupta presented him with 500 war elephants. The terms of the peace leave no doubt that the Greek ruler fared badly at the hands of Chandragupta. His defeat and discomfiture at the hands of an Indian ruler would naturally be passed over by Greek writers, and their silence goes decidedly against Seleucus. The peace was ratified by a matrimonial alliance between the rival parties. This has been generally taken to mean that Chandragupta married a daughter of Seleucus, but this is not warranted by known facts. Henceforth Scleucus maintained friendly relations with the Mauryan Court and sent Megasthanes as his ambassador who lived in Pataliputra for a long time and wrote a book on India.
The ceded country comprised a large portion of Ariana itself, a fact ignored by Tarn. In exchange the Maurya a monarch gave the comparatively small recompense of 500 elephants. It is believed that the territory ceded by the Syrian king included the four satrapies: Aria, Arachosia, Gedrosia and the Paropanisadai, i.e., Herat, Kandahar, Makran and Kabul. Doubts have been entertained about this by several scholars including Tarn. The inclusion of the Kabul valley within the Maurya Empire is, however, proved by the inscriptions of Asoka, the grandson of Chandragupta, which speak of the Yonas and Gandharas as vassals of the Empire. And the evidence of Strabo probably points to the cession by Seleukos of a large part of the Iranian Tableland besides the riparian provinces on the Indus.
Chandragupta and his successors devoted much of their wealth to building military power. At the height of the Mauryan empire, ts army was counted at 600,000 infantry, 30,000 cavalry, 9,000 war elephants, and 8,000 chariots.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)The Mauryan war-machine was therefore perfected in every respect. The military might consisted of troops of different kinds, namely hereditary or feudatory troops, hired troops, gild levies, and forest tribes. They were fully and efficiently equipped. The regular military establishment consisted of 600,000 infantry, 30,000 horsemen, 36,000 men with 9,000 elephants, and 24,000 men with nearly 8,000 chariots. Thus there were 6,90,000 fighting men in addition to followers and attendants.
Certain areas in the north-west were acquired through the treaty with Seleucus... It has been suggested that the territory ceded consisted of Gedrosia, Arachosia, Aria, and the Paropamisadae.
In 305 B.C.E. the two men concluded a treaty in which the Greeks withdrew from the Punjab in northwestern India and which fixed the western boundary of the Mauryan Empire to the crest of the Hindu Kush.
Arrian has pointed out, each chariot carried two soldiers, besides the driver, and an elephant carried three archers, besides the Mahout, then the total number of men in Chandragupta's army would be 6,00,000 infantry, 30,000 horse-men, 36,000 men with the elephants, and 24,000 men with the chariots, totalling 6,90,000 in all, excluding followers and attendants.
The Maurya raised the number of the infantry to 600,000, and of the elephants to 9,000. But his cavalry is said to have mustered only 30,000..... Each chariot required at least three, and that each elephant carried at least four men, his total force must have amounted to not less than 690,000, or in round numbers 700,000 men.
In ancient India there was a highly organised system of military administration. The state maintained a powerful standing army, and it was well looked after. Chandra Gupta Maurya had a huge force consisting of six lakhs infantary, 30,000 cavalry, 9,000 elephants, and 8,000 chariots. The total strength of his army was 6,90,000 men, excluding camp followers and attendants.
To perform both these functions, the imperial army was magnificently equipped. At its height, it numbered 700,000 men, with 9,000 elephants and 10,000 chariots.
With a large standing army of 700,000 men and 9000 elephants, and a secret police to maintain order. Maurya's son, Bindusara (297-273 B.C.), added to the empire by conquering much of the Deccan.
The Mauryan war-machine was therefore perfected in every respect. The military might consisted of troops of different kinds, namely hereditary or feudatory troops, hired troops, gild levies, and forest tribes. They were fully and efficiently equipped. The regular military establishment consisted of 600,000 infantry, 30,000 horsemen, 36,000 men with 9,000 elephants, and 24,000 men with nearly 8,000 chariots. Thus there were 6,90,000 fighting men in addition to followers and attendants.
It has been suggested that the territory ceded consisted of Gedrosia, Arachosia, Aria, and the Paropamisadae. To state, as some historians have done, that Chandragupta set out to accomplish the unity of India is largely the result of a prejudice.
Three different accounts of Candragupta, free of legendary and miraculous details, have been deciphered, one from the Rajavamsapustaka, another from the redactation of the Suvarnnapuravamsa, and the third longest being a chapter of the Paramparapustaka. The three accounts are in agreement with each other on many of the basic facts of Candragupta's origin and career, but they also contain wide divergences from one another with regard to important details.
Chandragupta was quick to realize the importance of erecting a huge empire. He went about to unite the whole of Punjab and, later, the northern India after overthrowing the Nandas. He not only added the southern states but also integrated the four satrapies of Aria, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Paropamisadae which were ceded by Seleucus to Chandragupta after the demise of Alexander.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)The ancient historians Justin, Appian, and Strabo preserve the three main terms of what I will call the Treaty of the Indus:
(i) Seleucus transferred to Chandragupta's kingdom the easternmost satrapies of his empire, certainly Gandhara, Parapamisadae, and the eastern parts of Gedrosia, and possibly also Arachosia and Aria as far as Herat.
(ii) Chandragupta gave Seleucus 500 Indian war elephants.
(iii) The two kings were joined by some kind of marriage alliance (ἐπιγαμία οι κῆδος); most likely Chandragupta wed a female relative of Seleucus.