An A to Z of Places and Things Saudi, Kathy Cuddihy, pp. 105-106, Stacey International, 2001, ISBN 978-1-900988-40-7, ... Hail has been inhabited for thousands of years ... Scholars are still trying to decipher some of the unfamiliar scripts ... stronghold of the Al-Rashids, once the formidable enemies of the Al-Sauds ...
Politics in An Arabian Oasis: The Rashidis of Saudi Arabia, Madawi Al Rasheed, pp. 35, I.B.Tauris, 1997, ISBN 978-1-86064-193-0, ... He organized an expedition against Jabal Shammar which fell under saudi domination in 1779 ... Shammar nomadic population retreated to the Great Nafud Desert and escaped control ... the southern Shammar, followed a different course ... occassionally collected the zakat from the Hail population and handed it to the Saudis ...
