Frank J. Coppa (2006 թ․ հունվարի 1). Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators: From Napoleon to the Present. Peter Lang. էջ xiv. ISBN978-0-8204-5010-0. Վերցված է 2014 թ․ մարտի 25-ին. «In the period between the two world wars, four types of dictatorships were described by a number of smart people: constitutional, the communist (nominally championing the "dictatorship of the proletariat"), the counterrevolutionary, and the fascist. Many have rightfully questioned the distinctions between these prototypes. In fact, since World War II, we have recognized that the range of dictatorships is much broader than earlier posited and it includes so-called Third World dictatorships in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East and religious dictatorships....They are also family dictatorships ....»
Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) TortureAppendix "Unlike substantive measures of democracy (e.g., Polity IV and Freedom House), the binary conceptualization of democracy most recently described by Cheibub, Gandhi and Vree-land (2010) focuses on one institution—elections—to distinguish between dictatorships and democracies. Using a minimalist measure of democracy rather than a substantive one better allows for the isolation of causal mechanisms (Cheibub, Gandhi and Vreeland, 2010, 73) linking regime type to human rights outcomes."
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Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) TortureAppendix "Unlike substantive measures of democracy (e.g., Polity IV and Freedom House), the binary conceptualization of democracy most recently described by Cheibub, Gandhi and Vree-land (2010) focuses on one institution—elections—to distinguish between dictatorships and democracies. Using a minimalist measure of democracy rather than a substantive one better allows for the isolation of causal mechanisms (Cheibub, Gandhi and Vreeland, 2010, 73) linking regime type to human rights outcomes."
Friedrich, Carl (1950). «Military Government and Dictatorship». The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 267: 1–7. OCLC5723774494.
