McCormick, Michael (2007). «Where do trading towns come from? Early medieval Venice and the northern emporia». In Henning, Joachim (ed.). Post-Roman towns, trade and settlement in Europe and Byzantium. էջ 50. ISBN978-3-11-018356-6. «Overall population estimates for the Carolingian empire range today from ten to twenty million, including the Italian territories. The size of the Carolingian empire can be roughly estimated at 1,112,000 km2»
