Քիմիա (Armenian Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Քիմիա" in Armenian language version.
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acdlabs.com
- «IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry». Acdlabs.com. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
acs.org
cen.acs.org
- Tullo, Alexander H. (2014 թ․ հուլիսի 28). «C&EN's Global Top 50 Chemical Firms For 2014». Chemical & Engineering News. American Chemical Society. Վերցված է 2014 թ․ օգոստոսի 22-ին.
alchemylab.com
- «History of Alchemy». Alchemy Lab. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
archive.org
- Hill, J.W.; Petrucci, R.H.; McCreary, T.W.; Perry, S.S. (2005). General Chemistry (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. էջ 37.
- Glaser, Christopher (1663). Traite de la chymie. Paris. as found in: Kim, Mi Gyung (2003). Affinity, That Elusive Dream – A Genealogy of the Chemical Revolution. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-11273-4.
- Stahl, George, E. (1730). Philosophical Principles of Universal Chemistry. London.
{{cite book}}: CS1 սպաս․ բազմաթիվ անուններ: authors list (link) - Chang, Raymond (1998). Chemistry, 6th Ed. New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-115221-1.
- Barnes, Ruth (2004). Textiles in Indian Ocean Societies. Routledge. էջ 1.
- Strodach, George K. (2012). The Art of Happiness. New York: Penguin Classics. էջեր 7–8. ISBN 978-0-14-310721-7.
- Bryan H. Bunch; Alexander Hellemans (2004). The History of Science and Technology. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. էջ 88. ISBN 978-0-618-22123-3.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|name-list-style=yes(օգնություն) - Marcelin Berthelot, Collection des anciens alchimistes grecs (3 vol., Paris, 1887–1888, p. 161); F. Sherwood Taylor, "The Origins of Greek Alchemy," Ambix 1 (1937), 40.
- Mi Gyung Kim (2003). Affinity, that Elusive Dream: A Genealogy of the Chemical Revolution. MIT Press. էջ 440. ISBN 978-0-262-11273-4.
- "What makes these family likenesses among the elements? In the 1860s everyone was scratching their heads about that, and several scientists moved towards rather similar answers. The man who solved the problem most triumphantly was a young Russian called Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, who visited the salt mine at Wieliczka in 1859." Bronowski, Jacob (1973). The Ascent of Man. Little, Brown and Company. էջ 322. ISBN 978-0-316-10930-7.
- Ihde, Aaron John (1984). The Development of Modern Chemistry. Courier Dover Publications. էջ 164. ISBN 978-0-486-64235-2.
azer.com
- Alakbarov, Farid (2001). «A 13th-Century Darwin? Tusi's Views on Evolution». Azerbaijan International. 9: 2.
bbc.co.uk
- «History of Acidity». Bbc.co.uk. 2004 թ․ մայիսի 27. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
- «History – Robert Boyle (1627–1691)». BBC. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
bipm.org
- «Official SI Unit definitions». Bipm.org. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
books.google.com
- Morris Kline (1985) Mathematics for the nonmathematician. Courier Dover Publications. p. 284. 0-486-24823-2
- Davy, Humphry (1808). «On some new Phenomena of Chemical Changes produced by Electricity, particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies, and the Exhibition of the new Substances, which constitute their Bases». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 98: 1–45. doi:10.1098/rstl.1808.0001.
britannica.com
- «chemical bonding». Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. Վերցված է 2012 թ․ նոյեմբերի 1-ին.
ca.gov
calmis.ca.gov
- «California Occupational Guide Number 22: Chemists». Calmis.ca.gov. 1999 թ․ հոկտեմբերի 29. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 2011 թ․ հունիսի 10-ին. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
chem4kids.com
- Changing States of Matter – Chemforkids.com
chemistry2011.org
- «Chemistry». Chemistry2011.org. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 2011 թ․ հոկտեմբերի 8-ին. Վերցված է 2012 թ․ մարտի 10-ին.
doi.org
- Marmura, Michael E.; Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1965). «An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines. Conceptions of Nature and Methods Used for Its Study by the Ikhwan Al-Safa'an, Al-Biruni, and Ibn Sina by Seyyed Hossein Nasr». Speculum. 40 (4): 744–746. doi:10.2307/2851429. ISSN 0038-7134. JSTOR 2851429.
- Derewenda, Zygmunt S.; Derewenda, ZS (2007). «On wine, chirality and crystallography». Acta Crystallographica Section A. 64 (Pt 1): 246–258 [247]. Bibcode:2008AcCrA..64..246D. doi:10.1107/S0108767307054293. PMID 18156689.
- Ragai, Jehane (1992). «The Philosopher's Stone: Alchemy and Chemistry». Journal of Comparative Poetics. 12 (Metaphor and Allegory in the Middle Ages): 58–77. doi:10.2307/521636. JSTOR 521636.
- Holmyard, E. J. (1924). «Maslama al-Majriti and the Rutbatu'l-Hakim». Isis. 6 (3): 293–305. doi:10.1086/358238.
- Eagle, Cassandra T.; Jennifer Sloan (1998). «Marie Anne Paulze Lavoisier: The Mother of Modern Chemistry». The Chemical Educator. 3 (5): 1–18. doi:10.1007/s00897980249a.
- Davy, Humphry (1808). «On some new Phenomena of Chemical Changes produced by Electricity, particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies, and the Exhibition of the new Substances, which constitute their Bases». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 98: 1–45. doi:10.1098/rstl.1808.0001.
- Herbst, Eric (2005 թ․ մայիսի 12). «Chemistry of Star-Forming Regions». Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 109 (18): 4017–4029. Bibcode:2005JPCA..109.4017H. doi:10.1021/jp050461c. PMID 16833724.
frostburg.edu
antoine.frostburg.edu
- «General Chemistry Online – Companion Notes: Matter». Antoine.frostburg.edu. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
harvard.edu
ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
- Derewenda, Zygmunt S.; Derewenda, ZS (2007). «On wine, chirality and crystallography». Acta Crystallographica Section A. 64 (Pt 1): 246–258 [247]. Bibcode:2008AcCrA..64..246D. doi:10.1107/S0108767307054293. PMID 18156689.
- Herbst, Eric (2005 թ․ մայիսի 12). «Chemistry of Star-Forming Regions». Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 109 (18): 4017–4029. Bibcode:2005JPCA..109.4017H. doi:10.1021/jp050461c. PMID 16833724.
history-science-technology.com
- Kraus, Paul, Jâbir ibn Hayyân, Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque,. Cairo (1942–1943). Repr. By Fuat Sezgin, (Natural Sciences in Islam. 67–68), Frankfurt. 2002:
"To form an idea of the historical place of Jabir's alchemy and to tackle the problem of its sources, it is advisable to compare it with what remains to us of the alchemical literature in the Greek language. One knows in which miserable state this literature reached us. Collected by Byzantine scientists from the tenth century, the corpus of the Greek alchemists is a cluster of incoherent fragments, going back to all the times since the third century until the end of the Middle Ages." 
"The efforts of Berthelot and Ruelle to put a little order in this mass of literature led only to poor results, and the later researchers, among them in particular Mrs. Hammer-Jensen, Tannery, Lagercrantz, von Lippmann, Reitzenstein, Ruska, Bidez, Festugiere and others, could make clear only few points of detail…
The study of the Greek alchemists is not very encouraging. An even surface examination of the Greek texts shows that a very small part only was organized according to true experiments of laboratory: even the supposedly technical writings, in the state where we find them today, are unintelligible nonsense which refuses any interpretation.
It is different with Jabir's alchemy. The relatively clear description of the processes and the alchemical apparatuses, the methodical classification of the substances, mark an experimental spirit which is extremely far away from the weird and odd esotericism of the Greek texts. The theory on which Jabir supports his operations is one of clearness and of an impressive unity. More than with the other Arab authors, one notes with him a balance between theoretical teaching and practical teaching, between the `ilm and the `amal. In vain one would seek in the Greek texts a work as systematic as that which is presented for example in the Book of Seventy."
(cf. Ahmad Y Hassan. «A Critical Reassessment of the Geber Problem: Part Three». Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 2008 թ․ նոյեմբերի 20-ին. Վերցված է 2008 թ․ օգոստոսի 9-ին.)
independent.co.uk
- Paul Vallely, How Islamic inventors changed the world, The Independent, 10 March 2006
iupac.org
goldbook.iupac.org
- IUPAC Gold Book Definition
- Chemical Reaction Equation – IUPAC Goldbook
- Gold Book Chemical Reaction IUPAC Goldbook
jstor.org
- Marmura, Michael E.; Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1965). «An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines. Conceptions of Nature and Methods Used for Its Study by the Ikhwan Al-Safa'an, Al-Biruni, and Ibn Sina by Seyyed Hossein Nasr». Speculum. 40 (4): 744–746. doi:10.2307/2851429. ISSN 0038-7134. JSTOR 2851429.
- Ragai, Jehane (1992). «The Philosopher's Stone: Alchemy and Chemistry». Journal of Comparative Poetics. 12 (Metaphor and Allegory in the Middle Ages): 58–77. doi:10.2307/521636. JSTOR 521636.
laboratory-journal.com
- «International Year of Chemistry – The History of Chemistry». G.I.T. Laboratory Journal Europe. 2011 թ․ փետրվարի 25. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 2013 թ․ հունիսի 15-ին. Վերցված է 2013 թ․ մարտի 12-ին.
mit.edu
classics.mit.edu
- Lucretius (50 BCE). «de Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things)». The Internet Classics Archive. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Վերցված է 2007 թ․ հունվարի 9-ին.
newscientist.com
- Reilly, Michael. (2007). Mechanical force induces chemical reaction, NewScientist.com news service, Reilly
- First chemists, February 13, 1999, New Scientist
nih.gov
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Derewenda, Zygmunt S.; Derewenda, ZS (2007). «On wine, chirality and crystallography». Acta Crystallographica Section A. 64 (Pt 1): 246–258 [247]. Bibcode:2008AcCrA..64..246D. doi:10.1107/S0108767307054293. PMID 18156689.
- Herbst, Eric (2005 թ․ մայիսի 12). «Chemistry of Star-Forming Regions». Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 109 (18): 4017–4029. Bibcode:2005JPCA..109.4017H. doi:10.1021/jp050461c. PMID 16833724.
reference.com
dictionary.reference.com
- Chemistry. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary. Retrieved August 19, 2007.
rsc.org
- Note: "...it is surely true that had Mendeleev never lived modern chemists would be using a Periodic Table" and «Dmitri Mendeleev». Royal Society of Chemistry. Վերցված է 2015 թ․ հուլիսի 18-ին.
sciencehistory.org
- «Julius Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev». Science History Institute. 2016 թ․ հունիս. Վերցված է 2018 թ․ մարտի 20-ին.
thecanadianencyclopedia.com
- W.G. Laidlaw; D.E. Ryan And Gary Horlick; H.C. Clark, Josef Takats, And Martin Cowie; R.U. Lemieux (1986 թ․ դեկտեմբերի 10). «Chemistry Subdisciplines». The Canadian Encyclopedia. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 2013 թ․ սեպտեմբերի 27-ին. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
{{cite web}}: CS1 սպաս․ բազմաթիվ անուններ: authors list (link)
ucc.ie
chemweb.ucc.ie
- «What is Chemistry?». Chemweb.ucc.ie. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 2018 թ․ հոկտեմբերի 3-ին. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
unhas.ac.id
- Dr. A. Zahoor (1997), Jâbir ibn Hayyân (Geber) Արխիվացված 2017-09-21 Wayback Machine
utm.edu
iep.utm.edu
- Simpson, David (2005 թ․ հունիսի 29). «Lucretius (c. 99–55 BCE)». The Internet History of Philosophy. Վերցված է 2007 թ․ հունվարի 9-ին.
visionlearning.com
- Matter: Atoms from Democritus to Dalton by Anthony Carpi, Ph.D.
- Visionlearning. «Chemical Bonding by Anthony Carpi, Ph». visionlearning. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
web.archive.org
- «What is Chemistry?». Chemweb.ucc.ie. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 2018 թ․ հոկտեմբերի 3-ին. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
- «California Occupational Guide Number 22: Chemists». Calmis.ca.gov. 1999 թ․ հոկտեմբերի 29. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 2011 թ․ հունիսի 10-ին. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
- «International Year of Chemistry – The History of Chemistry». G.I.T. Laboratory Journal Europe. 2011 թ․ փետրվարի 25. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 2013 թ․ հունիսի 15-ին. Վերցված է 2013 թ․ մարտի 12-ին.
- Dr. A. Zahoor (1997), Jâbir ibn Hayyân (Geber) Արխիվացված 2017-09-21 Wayback Machine
- Kraus, Paul, Jâbir ibn Hayyân, Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque,. Cairo (1942–1943). Repr. By Fuat Sezgin, (Natural Sciences in Islam. 67–68), Frankfurt. 2002:
"To form an idea of the historical place of Jabir's alchemy and to tackle the problem of its sources, it is advisable to compare it with what remains to us of the alchemical literature in the Greek language. One knows in which miserable state this literature reached us. Collected by Byzantine scientists from the tenth century, the corpus of the Greek alchemists is a cluster of incoherent fragments, going back to all the times since the third century until the end of the Middle Ages."
"The efforts of Berthelot and Ruelle to put a little order in this mass of literature led only to poor results, and the later researchers, among them in particular Mrs. Hammer-Jensen, Tannery, Lagercrantz, von Lippmann, Reitzenstein, Ruska, Bidez, Festugiere and others, could make clear only few points of detail…
The study of the Greek alchemists is not very encouraging. An even surface examination of the Greek texts shows that a very small part only was organized according to true experiments of laboratory: even the supposedly technical writings, in the state where we find them today, are unintelligible nonsense which refuses any interpretation.
It is different with Jabir's alchemy. The relatively clear description of the processes and the alchemical apparatuses, the methodical classification of the substances, mark an experimental spirit which is extremely far away from the weird and odd esotericism of the Greek texts. The theory on which Jabir supports his operations is one of clearness and of an impressive unity. More than with the other Arab authors, one notes with him a balance between theoretical teaching and practical teaching, between the `ilm and the `amal. In vain one would seek in the Greek texts a work as systematic as that which is presented for example in the Book of Seventy."
(cf. Ahmad Y Hassan. «A Critical Reassessment of the Geber Problem: Part Three». Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 2008 թ․ նոյեմբերի 20-ին. Վերցված է 2008 թ․ օգոստոսի 9-ին.)
- Winter, Mark. «WebElements: the periodic table on the web». The University of Sheffield. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 2014 թ․ հունվարի 4-ին. Վերցված է 2014 թ․ հունվարի 27-ին.
- «Chemistry». Chemistry2011.org. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 2011 թ․ հոկտեմբերի 8-ին. Վերցված է 2012 թ․ մարտի 10-ին.
- W.G. Laidlaw; D.E. Ryan And Gary Horlick; H.C. Clark, Josef Takats, And Martin Cowie; R.U. Lemieux (1986 թ․ դեկտեմբերի 10). «Chemistry Subdisciplines». The Canadian Encyclopedia. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 2013 թ․ սեպտեմբերի 27-ին. Վերցված է 2011 թ․ հունիսի 12-ին.
{{cite web}}: CS1 սպաս․ բազմաթիվ անուններ: authors list (link)
webelements.com
- Winter, Mark. «WebElements: the periodic table on the web». The University of Sheffield. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 2014 թ․ հունվարի 4-ին. Վերցված է 2014 թ․ հունվարի 27-ին.
worldcat.org
- Marmura, Michael E.; Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1965). «An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines. Conceptions of Nature and Methods Used for Its Study by the Ikhwan Al-Safa'an, Al-Biruni, and Ibn Sina by Seyyed Hossein Nasr». Speculum. 40 (4): 744–746. doi:10.2307/2851429. ISSN 0038-7134. JSTOR 2851429.
wou.edu
- Chemistry 412 course notes. «A Brief History of the Development of Periodic Table». Western Oregon University. Վերցված է 2015 թ․ հուլիսի 20-ին.
{{cite web}}: CS1 սպաս․ թվային անուններ: authors list (link)