Bashar al-Assad (Indonesian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Bashar al-Assad" in Indonesian language version.

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11web.archive.org

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5reuters.com

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1uchicago.edu

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1crisisgroup.org

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archive.org

Weeks, Jessica (2014). Dictators at War and Peace. Cornell University Press. hlm. 18.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Syria's Assad wins another term". BBC News. 29 Mei 2007. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.

bbc.co.uk

"UK's William Hague attacks Assad's Syria elections plan". BBC News. 15 Mei 2014. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.

books.google.com

Syria Freedom Support Act; Holocaust Insurance Accountability Act of 2011. Washington DC: Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. 2012. hlm. 221–229.

cambridge.org

Svolik, Milan. "The Politics of Authoritarian Rule". Cambridge University Press (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 15 September 2018. Diakses tanggal 21 Oktober 2019.

cbc.ca

https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/syria-damascus-falls-to-rebels-1.7404700

crisisgroup.org

"Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria" (PDF). International Crisis Group. 8 Mei 2014. hlm. 23. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 20 Februari 2016. Diakses tanggal 4 Oktober 2014. Rezim ini bertujuan untuk memaksa orang untuk berlindung di identitas sektarian dan komunitarian mereka; untuk membagi masing-masing komunitas menjadi cabang-cabang yang bersaing, membagi mereka yang mendukungnya dari mereka yang menentangnya.

dailymail.co.uk

"Syria's Assad wins presidential vote in landslide". Daily Mail. 4 Juni 2014. Diakses tanggal 17 Desember 2016.

dailysabah.com

"German court finds Assad regime official guilty of crimes against humanity". Daily Sabah. 13 Januari 2022. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 22 Januari 2022.

doi.org

Hinnebusch, Raymond (2012). "Syria: from 'authoritarian upgrading' to revolution?". International Affairs (dalam bahasa Inggris). 88 (1): 95–113. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01059.x.
Michalik, Susanne (2015). "Measuring Authoritarian Regimes with Multiparty Elections". Dalam Michalik, Susanne (ed.). Multiparty Elections in Authoritarian Regimes: Explaining their Introduction and Effects. Studien zur Neuen Politischen Ökonomie (dalam bahasa Inggris). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. hlm. 33–45. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-09511-6_3. ISBN 978-3658095116.
Geddes, Barbara; Wright, Joseph; Frantz, Erica (2018). How Dictatorships Work. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 233. doi:10.1017/9781316336182. ISBN 978-1-316-33618-2. S2CID 226899229.

europa.eu

eeas.europa.eu

"Fifth Review Conference of the Chemical Weapons Convention". European Union External Action. 15 Mei 2023. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 15 Mei 2023.

foreignpolicy.com

Vohra, Anchal (16 Oktober 2020). "Assad's Horrible War Crimes Are Finally Coming to Light Under Oath". Foreign Policy. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2 November 2020.

hrw.org

Nosakhare, Whitney Martina (15 Maret 2022). "Some Hope in the Struggle for Justice in Syria: European Courts Offer Survivors a Path Toward Accountability". Human Rights Watch. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 5 April 2022.

indiatimes.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

"Foreign delegation in Syria slams West, endorses elections". The Times of India. 4 Juni 2014. Diakses tanggal 8 Juni 2014.

npr.org

Meuse, Alison (18 April 2015). "Syria's Minorities: Caught Between Sword Of ISIS And Wrath of Assad". NPR. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2015. Karim Bitar, seorang analis Timur Tengah di Paris berpikir tank IRIS [...] mengatakan [...] "Minoritas sering digunakan sebagai perisai oleh rezim otoriter, yang mencoba untuk menggambarkan diri mereka sebagai pelindung dan sebagai benteng melawan Islam radikal."

nytimes.com

Abdulrahim, Raja (7 Desember 2024). "The leader of Syria's rebels told The Times that their aim is to oust al-Assad". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 7 Desember 2024.

reuters.com

"Confident Assad launches new term in stronger position". Reuters. 16 Juli 2014.
"Syrian army command tells officers that Assad's rule has ended, officer says". Reuters.
"Syrian rebels topple President Assad, prime minister calls for free elections". Reuters. 7 Desember 2024. Diakses tanggal 7 Desember 2024.
Gebeily, Maya; Azhari, Timour (8 Desember 2024). "Syria's Assad and his family are in Moscow after Russia granted them asylum, say Russian news agencies". Reuters. Diakses tanggal 8 Desember 2024.

uk.reuters.com

Evans, Dominic (28 April 2014). "Assad seeks re-election as Syrian civil war rages". Reuters. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 Oktober 2015. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Geddes, Barbara; Wright, Joseph; Frantz, Erica (2018). How Dictatorships Work. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 233. doi:10.1017/9781316336182. ISBN 978-1-316-33618-2. S2CID 226899229.

snhr.org

"Civilian Death Toll". SNHR. September 2022. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 5 Maret 2022.

telegraph.co.uk

"Bashar al-Assad sworn in for a third term as Syrian president". The Daily Telegraph. 16 Juli 2014. Diakses tanggal 17 Desember 2016.

theguardian.com

"Democracy Damascus style: Assad the only choice in referendum". The Guardian. 28 Mei 2007.

uchicago.edu

press.uchicago.edu

Wedeen, Lisa (2018). Authoritarian Apprehensions. Chicago Studies in Practices of Meaning. University of Chicago Press. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 21 Oktober 2019. Diakses tanggal 21 Oktober 2019.

un.org

press.un.org

"Security Council Deems Syria's Chemical Weapon's Declaration Incomplete". United Nations: Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. 6 Maret 2023. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 14 Maret 2023.

washingtonpost.com

"Syrians Vote For Assad in Uncontested Referendum". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 28 Mei 2007. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.

web.archive.org

Svolik, Milan. "The Politics of Authoritarian Rule". Cambridge University Press (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 15 September 2018. Diakses tanggal 21 Oktober 2019.
Wedeen, Lisa (2018). Authoritarian Apprehensions. Chicago Studies in Practices of Meaning. University of Chicago Press. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 21 Oktober 2019. Diakses tanggal 21 Oktober 2019.
"Civilian Death Toll". SNHR. September 2022. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 5 Maret 2022.
Vohra, Anchal (16 Oktober 2020). "Assad's Horrible War Crimes Are Finally Coming to Light Under Oath". Foreign Policy. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2 November 2020.
"German court finds Assad regime official guilty of crimes against humanity". Daily Sabah. 13 Januari 2022. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 22 Januari 2022.
Nosakhare, Whitney Martina (15 Maret 2022). "Some Hope in the Struggle for Justice in Syria: European Courts Offer Survivors a Path Toward Accountability". Human Rights Watch. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 5 April 2022.
"Security Council Deems Syria's Chemical Weapon's Declaration Incomplete". United Nations: Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. 6 Maret 2023. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 14 Maret 2023.
"Fifth Review Conference of the Chemical Weapons Convention". European Union External Action. 15 Mei 2023. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 15 Mei 2023.
Evans, Dominic (28 April 2014). "Assad seeks re-election as Syrian civil war rages". Reuters. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 Oktober 2015. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.
"Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria" (PDF). International Crisis Group. 8 Mei 2014. hlm. 23. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 20 Februari 2016. Diakses tanggal 4 Oktober 2014. Rezim ini bertujuan untuk memaksa orang untuk berlindung di identitas sektarian dan komunitarian mereka; untuk membagi masing-masing komunitas menjadi cabang-cabang yang bersaing, membagi mereka yang mendukungnya dari mereka yang menentangnya.
"Foto-foto pembantaian Muslim Suriah oleh Bashar Assad tersebar di internet – Arrahmah.com". web.archive.org. 16 Mei 2015. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2025.

yahoo.com

uk.news.yahoo.com

"Syria's President Bashar al Assad is in Moscow and has been granted asylum, confirms Russian state media". 8 Desember 2024.