Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Cahaya" in Indonesian language version.
On the one hand, there is no ostensible warrant for the claim that Ptolemy wrote the Optics toward the very end of his life, perhaps as late as 175. On the other hand, Lejeune is probably too conservative in situating it grosso modo within the third quarter of the second century. Surely it is reasonable to locate the treatise somewhere within the decade between 160 and 170. But no matter what date is chosen, the fact remains that, far from being a Jugendwerk, the Optics represents an advanced stage in Ptolemy's intellectual development.
On the one hand, there is no ostensible warrant for the claim that Ptolemy wrote the Optics toward the very end of his life, perhaps as late as 175. On the other hand, Lejeune is probably too conservative in situating it grosso modo within the third quarter of the second century. Surely it is reasonable to locate the treatise somewhere within the decade between 160 and 170. But no matter what date is chosen, the fact remains that, far from being a Jugendwerk, the Optics represents an advanced stage in Ptolemy's intellectual development.
For Buddhist philosophers of the Dignãga-Dharmakirti tradition the problem of the reliability of perception is central to the epistemological project: they argue that empirical awareness, when properly deployed, can and does reveal the nature of reality at its most fundamental level: a causally interdependent nexus of psychophysical phenomena in a constant state of flux.
On the one hand, there is no ostensible warrant for the claim that Ptolemy wrote the Optics toward the very end of his life, perhaps as late as 175. On the other hand, Lejeune is probably too conservative in situating it grosso modo within the third quarter of the second century. Surely it is reasonable to locate the treatise somewhere within the decade between 160 and 170. But no matter what date is chosen, the fact remains that, far from being a Jugendwerk, the Optics represents an advanced stage in Ptolemy's intellectual development.
For Buddhist philosophers of the Dignãga-Dharmakirti tradition the problem of the reliability of perception is central to the epistemological project: they argue that empirical awareness, when properly deployed, can and does reveal the nature of reality at its most fundamental level: a causally interdependent nexus of psychophysical phenomena in a constant state of flux.
