Daftar negara pembayar upeti Tiongkok (Indonesian Wikipedia)

Gundry, R. S. "China and her Tributaries," National Review (United Kingdom), No. 17, July 1884, pp. 605-619., hlm. 605, pada Google Books
Kang, David C. (2010). East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute, p. 59., hlm. 59, pada Google Books
Wang, Zhenping. (2005). Ambassadors from the islands of immortals: China-Japan relations in the Han-Tang period, pp. 4-5, hlm. 4, pada Google Books; excerpt, criticizing "the western tributary theory, which sees the world only from the viewpoint of the Chinese and overly simplifies the intricate domestic and international situations ...."
Kerr, George. (2000). Okinawa: The History of an Island People, p. 65., hlm. 65, pada Google Books
Shambaugh, David L. et al. (2008). International Relations of Asia, p. 54 n15., hlm. 54, pada Google Books citing the 1818 Collected Statutes of the Qing Dynasty (DaQing hui-tien)
Chisholm, Hugh. (1911). The Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. 15, p. 224, hlm. 224, pada Google Books
Yoda, Yoshiie et al. (1996) The Foundations of Japan's Modernization: a Comparison with China's Path, p. 40., hlm. 40, pada Google Books; excerpt, "While other countries in East Asia were almost consistently emeshed within the Chinese tribute system, Japan found itself sometimes inside sometimes outside of the system ...."
Yoda, p. 40., hlm. 40, pada Google Books; excerpt, "... Japanese missions to the Sui [Dynasty] (581-604) ... were recognized by the Chinese as bearers of imperial tribute ...."
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kentoshi" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 511, hlm. 511, pada Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Loui
Fogel, Joshua A. (2009). Articulating the Sinosphere: Sino-Japanese Relations in Space and Time, pp. 102-107., hlm. 102, pada Google Books
Yoda, p. 40., hlm. 40, pada Google Books; excerpt, "Japanese missions to the ... Tang Dynasties were recognized by the Chinese as bearers of imperial tribute; however, in the middle of the ninth century -- the early Heian Period -- Japan rescinded he sending of missions to the Tang Empire. Subsequently Japan conducted a flourishing trade with China and for the next five hundred years also imported much of Chinese culture, while nevertheless remaining outside the tribute system."
Fogel, p. 27., hlm. 27, pada Google Books; Goodrich, Luther Carrington et al. (1976). Dictionary of Ming biography, 1368-1644, p. 1316., hlm. 1316, pada Google Books; note: the economic benefit of the Sinocentric tribute system was profitable trade. The tally trade (kangō bōeki or kanhe maoyi in Chinese) was a system devised and monitored by the Chinese -- see Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia, p. 471.
Frederick W. Mote, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank. The Cambridge history of China: The Ming dynasty, 1368-1644, Part 1, pp. 491-492., hlm. 491, pada Google Books
Pratt, Keith L. (1999). Korea: a historical and cultural dictionary. hlm. 482. ISBN 9780700704637. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-06-22. Diakses tanggal 2021-02-01.
Kwak, Tae-Hwan et al. (2003). The Korean peace process and the four powers, p. 100., hlm. 100, pada Google Books; excerpt, "The tributary relations between China and Korea came to an end when China was defeated in the Sino-Japanese war of 1894-1895."
Seth, Michael J. (2006). A concise history of Korea, p. 64, hlm. 64, pada Google Books; excerpt, "China found instead that its policy of using trade and cultural exchanges and offering legitimacy and prestige to the Silla monarchy was effective in keeping Silla safely in the tributary system. Indeed, the relationship that was worked out in the late seventh and early eighth centuries can be considered the beginning of the mature tributary relationship that would characterize Sino-Korean interchange most of the time until the late nineteenth century;"
Kwak, p. 99., hlm. 99, pada Google Books; excerpt, "Korea's tributary relations with China began as early as the fifth century, were regularized during the Goryeo dynasty (918-1392), and became fully institutionalized during the Yi dynasty (1392-1910)."
Clark, Donald N. (1998). "The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 Part 2". The Cambridge History of China. 8: 280. ISBN 0-521-24333-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-09-26. Diakses tanggal 2020-10-18. Between 1392 and 1450, the Choson court dispatched 391 envoys to China: on average, seven each year.
Kang, David C. (2010). East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute. Columbia University Press. hlm. 59. ISBN 978-0-231-15318-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-09-26. Diakses tanggal 2020-10-18. thus, between 1637 and 1881, Korea sent 435 special embassies to the Qing court, or an average of almost 1.5 embassies per year.
Gundry, "Nepal," pp. 609-610., hlm. 609, pada Google Books
Gundry, "Ryūkyū," pp. 615-616., hlm. 615, pada Google Books
Kerr, George. (2000). Okinawa: The History of an Island People, p. 74., hlm. 74, pada Google Books
Kerr, p. 66., hlm. 66, pada Google Books
Gundry, "Siam," pp. 616-619., hlm. 616, pada Google Books
Gundry, "Tibet," pp. 610-611., hlm. 610, pada Google Books
Gundry, "Annam," pp. 613-615., hlm. 613, pada Google Books

ddb.de

dispatch.opac.ddb.de

According to the Book of Later Han vol. 85, zh:s:Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Diarsipkan 2012-05-24 di Archive.is.

eguide.com.my

"Kelantan". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-02-02. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11.

geocities.com

"The Kingdom of Funan and Chenla (First to Eighth Century AD)". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-05-03. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-06.

heritageofjapan.wordpress.com

Imperial envoys made perilous passages on kentoshi-sen ships to Tang China Diarsipkan 2011-01-28 di Wayback Machine. "The cross-cultural exchanges began with 5 missions between 600 and 614, initially to Sui China (on kenzuishi-sen), and at least 18 or 19 missions were sent to T'ang China from 630 to 894 although not all of them were designated kentoshi."

koreanhistoryproject.org

Korean History Project, Unified Silla Diarsipkan 2008-11-20 di Wayback Machine..
"Tribute and Trade" Diarsipkan 2007-09-27 di Wayback Machine., KoreanHistoryProject.org. Retrieved on 30-01-2007.

lse.ac.uk

Giovanni Andornino. "Working Papers of the Global Economic History Network (GEHN) No. 21/06 - The Nature and Linkages of China's Tributary System under the Ming and Qing Dynasties" (PDF). London School of Economics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-01-10. Diakses tanggal 2016-10-31.

nccu.edu.tw

nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw

Mohammad Al-Mahdi Tan Kho; Hurng-yu Chen (July 2014). "Malaysia-Philippines Territorial Dispute: The Sabah Case" (PDF). National Chengchi University. NCCU Institutional Repository. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 9 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 9 May 2016.

nus.edu.sg

ari.nus.edu.sg

Johannes L. Kurz. "Boni in Chinese Sources: Translations of Relevant Texts from the Song to the Qing Dynasties" (PDF). Universiti Brunei Darussalam. National University of Singapore. hlm. 1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 22 May 2014. Diakses tanggal 1 June 2014.

pids.gov.ph

pascn.pids.gov.ph

"The Political Economy of Philippines- China Relations" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2007-06-21. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-08.

pnm.my

sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my

"First Ruler of Melaka : Parameswara 1394-1414". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-03. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11.

sabrizain.org

"Kedah: The Birthplace of Malay Civilisation". www.sabrizain.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-02-04. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11.

sino-platonic.org

Wan Kong Ann; Victor H. Mair; Paula Roberts; Mark Swofford (April 2013). "Examining the Connection Between Ancient China and Borneo Through Santubong Archaeological Sites" (PDF). Universitas Tsinghua and Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania. Sino-Platonic Papers. ISSN 2157-9687. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 14 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 14 May 2016.

web.archive.org

Mohammad Al-Mahdi Tan Kho; Hurng-yu Chen (July 2014). "Malaysia-Philippines Territorial Dispute: The Sabah Case" (PDF). National Chengchi University. NCCU Institutional Repository. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 9 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 9 May 2016.
Wan Kong Ann; Victor H. Mair; Paula Roberts; Mark Swofford (April 2013). "Examining the Connection Between Ancient China and Borneo Through Santubong Archaeological Sites" (PDF). Universitas Tsinghua and Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania. Sino-Platonic Papers. ISSN 2157-9687. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 14 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 14 May 2016.
Johannes L. Kurz. "Boni in Chinese Sources: Translations of Relevant Texts from the Song to the Qing Dynasties" (PDF). Universiti Brunei Darussalam. National University of Singapore. hlm. 1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 22 May 2014. Diakses tanggal 1 June 2014.
"Funan". About.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-11-09. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-02.
"The Kingdom of Funan and Chenla (First to Eighth Century AD)". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-05-03. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-06.
Imperial envoys made perilous passages on kentoshi-sen ships to Tang China Diarsipkan 2011-01-28 di Wayback Machine. "The cross-cultural exchanges began with 5 missions between 600 and 614, initially to Sui China (on kenzuishi-sen), and at least 18 or 19 missions were sent to T'ang China from 630 to 894 although not all of them were designated kentoshi."
Pratt, Keith L. (1999). Korea: a historical and cultural dictionary. hlm. 482. ISBN 9780700704637. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-06-22. Diakses tanggal 2021-02-01.
Korean History Project, Unified Silla Diarsipkan 2008-11-20 di Wayback Machine..
Clark, Donald N. (1998). "The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 Part 2". The Cambridge History of China. 8: 280. ISBN 0-521-24333-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-09-26. Diakses tanggal 2020-10-18. Between 1392 and 1450, the Choson court dispatched 391 envoys to China: on average, seven each year.
Kang, David C. (2010). East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute. Columbia University Press. hlm. 59. ISBN 978-0-231-15318-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-09-26. Diakses tanggal 2020-10-18. thus, between 1637 and 1881, Korea sent 435 special embassies to the Qing court, or an average of almost 1.5 embassies per year.
"Chinese Sui Dynasty annals". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 27, 2006.
"Kedah: The Birthplace of Malay Civilisation". www.sabrizain.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-02-04. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11.
"Kelantan". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-02-02. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11.
"First Ruler of Melaka : Parameswara 1394-1414". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-03. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11.
"The Political Economy of Philippines- China Relations" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2007-06-21. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-08.
"Tribute and Trade" Diarsipkan 2007-09-27 di Wayback Machine., KoreanHistoryProject.org. Retrieved on 30-01-2007.
"The Ancient Ryukyus Period/The Sanzan Period". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-09-27. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-08.
Giovanni Andornino. "Working Papers of the Global Economic History Network (GEHN) No. 21/06 - The Nature and Linkages of China's Tributary System under the Ming and Qing Dynasties" (PDF). London School of Economics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-01-10. Diakses tanggal 2016-10-31.

wenhuacn.com

"Chinese Sui Dynasty annals". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 27, 2006.

wikipedia.org

zh.wikipedia.org

According to the Book of Later Han vol. 85, zh:s:Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Diarsipkan 2012-05-24 di Archive.is.
Book of Sui, vol. 81
Old book of Tang, vol. 199

wonder-okinawa.jp

"The Ancient Ryukyus Period/The Sanzan Period". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-09-27. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-08.

worldcat.org

Wan Kong Ann; Victor H. Mair; Paula Roberts; Mark Swofford (April 2013). "Examining the Connection Between Ancient China and Borneo Through Santubong Archaeological Sites" (PDF). Universitas Tsinghua and Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania. Sino-Platonic Papers. ISSN 2157-9687. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 14 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 14 May 2016.