Glassé, Cyril, ed. (2003). "Ottomans". The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. hlm. 349–351. ISBN978-0-7591-0190-6. OCLC52611080. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-02.
Glazer 1996, "Ottoman Institutions" Glazer, Steven A. (1996) [Research completed January 1995]. "Chapter 1: Historical Setting". Dalam Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). A Country Study: Turkey. Country Studies (Edisi 5th). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. ISBN9780844408644. OCLC33898522. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-22.
Glazer 1996, "Ottoman Institutions" Glazer, Steven A. (1996) [Research completed January 1995]. "Chapter 1: Historical Setting". Dalam Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). A Country Study: Turkey. Country Studies (Edisi 5th). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. ISBN9780844408644. OCLC33898522. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-22.
Glassé, Cyril, ed. (2003). "Ottomans". The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. hlm. 349–351. ISBN978-0-7591-0190-6. OCLC52611080. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-02.
As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 13 As̜iroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (dalam bahasa Turkish). Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN9789757645177. OCLC32085609. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 17 As̜iroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (dalam bahasa Turkish). Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN9789757645177. OCLC32085609. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 14 As̜iroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (dalam bahasa Turkish). Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN9789757645177. OCLC32085609. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)