Filsafat ilmu (Indonesian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Filsafat ilmu" in Indonesian language version.

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Preston, John; Munévar, Gonzalo; Lamb, David (2000). The Worst Enemy of Science?: Essays in Memory of Paul Feyerabend (PDF). USA: Oxford University Press. hlm. V–VI. ISBN 9780195128741.
Okasha, S. (2006). Evolution and the Levels of Selection (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). London: Clarendon Press. hlm. V–VI. ISBN 978-0-19-926797-2.

academia.edu

Kristiawan, Muhammad (2016). Filsafat Pendidikan: The Choice Is Yours. Sleman: Penerbit Valia Pustaka Jogjakarta. hlm. 241. ISBN 978-602-71540-8-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-15. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.

archive.org

Levin, Michael (1984). "What Kind of Explanation is Truth?". Dalam Jarrett Leplin. Scientific Realism (dalam bahasa Inggris). Berkeley: University of California Press. hlm. 124–1139. ISBN 978-0-520-05155-3.
Aristotle, "Prior Analytics", Hugh Tredennick (trans.), pp. 181–531 in Aristotle, Volume 1, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, 1938.
Smith, L.D. (1986). Behaviorism and Logical Positivism: A Reassessment of the Alliance. Stanford University Press. hlm. 314. ISBN 978-0-8047-1301-6. LCCN 85030366. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13. The secondary and historical literature on logical positivism affords substantial grounds for concluding that logical positivism failed to solve many of the central problems it generated for itself. Prominent among the unsolved problems was the failure to find an acceptable statement of the verifiability (later confirmability) criterion of meaningfulness. Until a competing tradition emerged (about the late 1950s), the problems of logical positivism continued to be attacked from within that tradition. But as the new tradition in the philosophy of science began to demonstrate its effectiveness—by dissolving and rephrasing old problems as well as by generating new ones—philosophers began to shift allegiances to the new tradition, even though that tradition has yet to receive a canonical formulation.
Bunge, M.A. (1996). Finding Philosophy in Social Science. Yale University Press. hlm. 317. ISBN 978-0-300-06606-7. LCCN lc96004399. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13. To conclude, logical positivism was progressive compared with the classical positivism of Ptolemy, David Hume|Hume, Jean le Rond d'Alembert|d'Alembert, Auguste Comte|Comte, John Stuart Mill, and Ernst Mach. It was even more so by comparison with its contemporary rivals neo-Thomism, neo-Kantianism, intuitionism, dialectical materialism, phenomenology, and existentialism. However, neo-positivism failed dismally to give a faithful account of science, whether natural or social. It failed because it remained anchored to sense-data and to a phenomenalist metaphysics, overrated the power of induction and underrated that of hypothesis, and denounced realism and materialism as metaphysical nonsense. Although it has never been practiced consistently in the advanced natural sciences and has been criticized by many philosophers, notably Popper (1959 [1935], 1963), logical positivism remains the tacit philosophy of many scientists. Regrettably, the anti-positivism fashionable in the metatheory of social science is often nothing but an excuse for sloppiness and wild speculation.

betterevaluation.org

"Simple Random Sampling". 2010-12-14. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-01-02. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12. A simple random sample (SRS) is the most basic probabilistic option used for creating a sample from a population. Each SRS is made of individuals drawn from a larger population, completely at random. As a result, said individuals have an equal chance of being selected throughout the sampling process. The benefit of SRS is that as a result, the investigator is guaranteed to choose a sample which is representative of the population, which ensures statistically valid conclusions.

binus.ac.id

journal.binus.ac.id

Juneman, Juneman; Pradipto, Yosef Dedy (2013-04-30). "Filsafat Ilmu sebagai Landasan Holistis Pengembangan Ilmu Psikologi". Humaniora (dalam bahasa Inggris). 4 (1): 539–546. doi:10.21512/humaniora.v4i1.3462. ISSN 2476-9061. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-13.

bmj.com

Nunn, R., 2009. "It's time to put the placebo out of our misery Diarsipkan 2021-12-13 di Wayback Machine." British Medical Journal 338, b1568.

books.google.com

Gordin, Michael D. (2012). The Pseudoscience Wars: Immanuel Velikovsky and the Birth of the Modern Fringe. University of Chicago Press. hlm. 12–13. ISBN 978-0-226-30442-7.
Lindberg, David C. (1980). Science in the Middle Ages. University of Chicago Press. hlm. 350–351. ISBN 978-0-226-48233-0.
Ashman, Keith M.; Barringer, Philip S., ed. (2001). After the Science Wars. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-21209-0. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12. The 'war' is between scientists who believe that science and its methods are objective, and an increasing number of social scientists, historians, philosophers, and others gathered under the umbrella of Science Studies.
Foucault, Michel (1961). Khalfa, Jean, ed. History of Madness [Folie et Déraison: Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique]. Diterjemahkan oleh Murphy, Jonathan; Khalfa, Jean. London: Routledge (dipublikasikan tanggal 2013). ISBN 9781134473809. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-07-15. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Levine, George (2008). Darwin Loves You: Natural Selection and the Re-enchantment of the World. Princeton University Press. hlm. 104. ISBN 978-0-691-13639-4. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Kitcher, Philip (2001). Science, Truth, and Democracy. Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Science. New York: Oxford University Press. hlm. xiii. ISBN 9780198033356. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.

bristol.ac.uk

research-information.bristol.ac.uk

Turner, A (2012). "Placebos" and the logic of placebo comparison". Biology & Philosophy. 27 (3): 419–432. doi:10.1007/s10539-011-9289-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.

cabmakassar.org

(Inggris) Buckingham, Will; Douglas Burnham; Peter J. King; Clive Hill; Marcus Weeks; John Marenbon (2011). The Philosophy Book (Big Ideas Simply Explained) (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). New York: DK, Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-0-7566-6861-7. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-25. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.

caltech.edu

calteches.library.caltech.edu

Cargo Cult Science Diarsipkan 2013-12-01 di Wayback Machine. oleh Feynman, Richard. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-04

cloudflare-ipfs.com

Popper, Karl (2002). The Logic of Scientific Discovery (PDF) (edisi ke-2). London & New York: Routledge. hlm. 17–19. ISBN 9780415278447. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Popper, Karl (2002). The Logic of Scientific Discovery (PDF). London & New York: Routledge. hlm. 20. ISBN 9780415278447. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Pigliucci, Massimo; Maarten Boudry, Boudry (2013). Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). United States: University of Chicago Press. hlm. 101. ISBN 978-0-226-05182-6. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Stanford, P. Kyle (2006). Exceeding Our Grasp: Science, History, and the Problem of Unconceived Alternatives (PDF). New York: Oxford University Press. hlm. 8. ISBN 978-0-19-517408-3. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Kuhn, T.S. (1996). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 3rd. ed (PDF). The University of Chicago Press. hlm. 176. ISBN 978-0-226-45808-3. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-16. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-14. A paradigm is what the members of a community of scientists share, and, conversely, a scientific community consists of men who share a paradigm.
Gutting, Gary (2005). Continental Philosophy of Science, Blackwell Publishers (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishing. hlm. 2. ISBN 0-631-23610-4. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Dennett, Daniel (1995). Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life (PDF). Simon and Schuster. hlm. 21. ISBN 978-1-4391-2629-5. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Godfrey-Smith, Peter (2009). Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 1–2. ISBN 9780199552047.
Lee, K. (2012). The Philosophical Foundations of Modern Medicine (PDF). London: Palgrave Macmillan. hlm. 70–71. ISBN 978-1-349-34553-3. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Schunk, Dale H. (2011). Learning Theories An Educational Perspective (PDF) (edisi ke-6). Boston: Addison Wesley. hlm. 325. ISBN 9780137071951. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

dictionary.com

"Relativism". dictionary.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

doi.org

Juneman, Juneman; Pradipto, Yosef Dedy (2013-04-30). "Filsafat Ilmu sebagai Landasan Holistis Pengembangan Ilmu Psikologi". Humaniora (dalam bahasa Inggris). 4 (1): 539–546. doi:10.21512/humaniora.v4i1.3462. ISSN 2476-9061. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-13.
Hempel, Carl G.; Paul Oppenheim (1948). "Studies in the Logic of Explanation" (PDF). Philosophy of Science (dalam bahasa Inggris). 15 (2): 135–175. doi:10.1086/286983. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-30. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Laudan, Larry (1981). "A Confutation of Convergent Realism" (PDF). Philosophy of Science. 48: 218–249. doi:10.1086/288975. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-25. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.
Winsberg, Eric (September 2006). "Models of Success Versus the Success of Models: Reliability without Truth". Synthese. 152: 1–19. doi:10.1007/s11229-004-5404-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-11. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.
Stanford, P. Kyle (June 2000). "An Antirealist Explanation of the Success of Science" (PDF). Philosophy of Science. 67 (2): 266–284. doi:10.1086/392775. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-09-23. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.
Banks, James A. (1995). "The Historical Reconstruction of Knowledge about Race: Implications for Transformative Teaching" (PDF). Educational Researcher. 24 (2): 17. doi:10.2307/1176421. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-05-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Forrest, Barbara (2000). "Methodological Naturalism and Philosophical Naturalism: Clarifying the Connection" (PDF). Journal of Philosophy. 3 (2): 9. doi:10.5840/philo20003213. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-12-11. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.
Gauch., Hugh G. (2009). "Science, Worldviews, and Education" (PDF). Science & Education. 18: 672. doi:10.1007/s11191-006-9059-1. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-10. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Meyer, Axel (2011). "On the Nature of Scientific Progress: Anarchistic Theory Says "Anything Goes"—But I Don't Think So" (PDF). Public Library of Science (dalam bahasa Inggris). 9 (10): 1. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001165. PMC 3186797 . Pemeliharaan CS1: Format PMC (link)
Hull, David L. (1969). "What philosophy of biology is not" (PDF). Philosophy of Biology, Synthese (dalam bahasa Inggris). 20 (2): 241–268. doi:10.1007/BF00413784. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-05-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Papineau, D (1994). "The Virtues of Randomization". British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. 45 (2): 437–450. doi:10.1093/bjps/45.2.437.
Worrall, J (2002). "What Evidence in Evidence-Based Medicine?". Philosophy of Science. 69 (3): S316–330. doi:10.1086/341855. JSTOR 3081103.
Worrall, J. (2007). "Why there's no cause to randomize". British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. 58 (3): 451–488. doi:10.1093/bjps/axm024.
Grünbaum, A (1981). "The Placebo Concept". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 19 (2): 157–167. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(81)90040-1. PMID 7271692.
Gøtzsche, P.C. (1994). "Is there logic in the placebo?". Lancet. 344 (8927): 925–926. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92273-x. PMID 7934350.
Turner, A (2012). "Placebos" and the logic of placebo comparison". Biology & Philosophy. 27 (3): 419–432. doi:10.1007/s10539-011-9289-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Worrall, J (2011). "Causality in medicine: getting back to the Hill top". Preventive Medicine. 53 (4–5): 235–238. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.08.009. PMID 21888926.
Cartwright, N (2009). "What are randomised controlled trials good for?" (PDF). Philosophical Studies. 147 (1): 59–70. doi:10.1007/s11098-009-9450-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2018-07-24. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Salmon, Merrilee H (1993). "Philosophy of Archaeology: Current Issues". Journal of Archaeological Research. 1 (4): 323. doi:10.1007/bf01418109. JSTOR 41053080. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

drury.edu

"Popper, Falsifiability, and the Failure of Positivism". 2000-08-07. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-01-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13. The upshot is that the positivists seem caught between insisting on the V.C. [Verifiability Criterion]—but for no defensible reason—or admitting that the V.C. requires a background language, etc., which opens the door to relativism, etc. In light of this dilemma, many folk—especially following Popper's "last-ditch" effort to "save" empiricism/positivism/realism with the falsifiability criterion—have agreed that positivism is a dead-end.

escholarship.org

cloudfront.escholarship.org

Cartwright, N (2009). "What are randomised controlled trials good for?" (PDF). Philosophical Studies. 147 (1): 59–70. doi:10.1007/s11098-009-9450-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2018-07-24. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.

fitelson.org

Salmon, Merrilee; John Earman, Clark Glymour, James G. Lenno, Peter Machamer, J.E. McGuire, John D. Norton, Wesley C. Salmon, Kenneth F. Schaffner (1992). Introduction to the Philosophy of Science (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-663345-7. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-06-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.

gontor.ac.id

repo.unida.gontor.ac.id

Muslih 2016, hlm. ix. Muslih, Mohammad (2016). Filsafat Ilmu Kajian atas Asumsi Dasar, Paradigma, dan Kerangka Teori Ilmu Pengetahuan (PDF). Bandung: L E S F I. hlm. 278. ISBN 978-979-567-044-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-12-08. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Muslih 2016, hlm. 92. Muslih, Mohammad (2016). Filsafat Ilmu Kajian atas Asumsi Dasar, Paradigma, dan Kerangka Teori Ilmu Pengetahuan (PDF). Bandung: L E S F I. hlm. 278. ISBN 978-979-567-044-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-12-08. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

google.co.id

books.google.co.id

Friedman, Michael (1999). Reconsidering Logical Positivism. Cambridge University Press. hlm. xiv. ISBN 9780521624763.
Friedman, Michael (1999). Reconsidering Logical Positivism. Cambridge University Press. hlm. xii. ISBN 9780521624763.
Heilbron 2003, hlm. vii. Heilbron, John L. (2003). The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science (dalam bahasa Inggris). USA: Oxford University Press. hlm. 941. ISBN 9780195112290.

google.co.id

Saragih, Hisarma; Hutagalung, Stimson; Mawati, Arin Tentrem; Chamidah, Dina; Khalik, Muh Fihris; Sahri, Sahri; Wula, Paulina; Purba, Bonaraja; Fransiska Purba, Sri Rezeki; Kato, Iskandar (2021). Filsafat Pendidikan. Yayasan Kita Menulis. hlm. 114. ISBN 978-0-8264-9006-3.

griffith.edu.au

ict.griffith.edu.au

Vaccaro, Joan. "Theism and Atheism". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-02-17. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.

harvard.edu

news.harvard.edu

Gewertz, Ken (2007). "The philosophy of evolution: Godfrey-Smith takes an evolutionary approach to how the mind works". news.harvard.edu. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

hku.hk

philosophy.hku.hk

Laudan, Larry (1981). "A Confutation of Convergent Realism" (PDF). Philosophy of Science. 48: 218–249. doi:10.1086/288975. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-25. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.

icts.res.in

Hull, David L. (1969). "What philosophy of biology is not" (PDF). Philosophy of Biology, Synthese (dalam bahasa Inggris). 20 (2): 241–268. doi:10.1007/BF00413784. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-05-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

id1lib.org

Clegg, Brian (2003). The First Scientist: A Life of Roger Bacon (dalam bahasa Inggris). New York: Constable. hlm. 2. ISBN 9781841196183. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Hatab, Lawrence J. (2008). "How Does the Ascetic Ideal Function in Nietzsche's Genealogy?". The Journal of Nietzsche Studies. 35 (35/36): 106–123. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.

jstor.org

Weinberg, Alvin M. (1970). "Views: The Axiology of Science: The urgent question of scientific priorities has helped to promote a growing concern with value in science". American Scientist. 58 (6): 612–617. ISSN 0003-0996. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-09-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-13.
Worrall, J (2002). "What Evidence in Evidence-Based Medicine?". Philosophy of Science. 69 (3): S316–330. doi:10.1086/341855. JSTOR 3081103.
Salmon, Merrilee H (1993). "Philosophy of Archaeology: Current Issues". Journal of Archaeological Research. 1 (4): 323. doi:10.1007/bf01418109. JSTOR 41053080. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Smith, L.D. (1986). Behaviorism and Logical Positivism: A Reassessment of the Alliance. Stanford University Press. hlm. 314. ISBN 978-0-8047-1301-6. LCCN 85030366. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13. The secondary and historical literature on logical positivism affords substantial grounds for concluding that logical positivism failed to solve many of the central problems it generated for itself. Prominent among the unsolved problems was the failure to find an acceptable statement of the verifiability (later confirmability) criterion of meaningfulness. Until a competing tradition emerged (about the late 1950s), the problems of logical positivism continued to be attacked from within that tradition. But as the new tradition in the philosophy of science began to demonstrate its effectiveness—by dissolving and rephrasing old problems as well as by generating new ones—philosophers began to shift allegiances to the new tradition, even though that tradition has yet to receive a canonical formulation.
Bunge, M.A. (1996). Finding Philosophy in Social Science. Yale University Press. hlm. 317. ISBN 978-0-300-06606-7. LCCN lc96004399. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13. To conclude, logical positivism was progressive compared with the classical positivism of Ptolemy, David Hume|Hume, Jean le Rond d'Alembert|d'Alembert, Auguste Comte|Comte, John Stuart Mill, and Ernst Mach. It was even more so by comparison with its contemporary rivals neo-Thomism, neo-Kantianism, intuitionism, dialectical materialism, phenomenology, and existentialism. However, neo-positivism failed dismally to give a faithful account of science, whether natural or social. It failed because it remained anchored to sense-data and to a phenomenalist metaphysics, overrated the power of induction and underrated that of hypothesis, and denounced realism and materialism as metaphysical nonsense. Although it has never been practiced consistently in the advanced natural sciences and has been criticized by many philosophers, notably Popper (1959 [1935], 1963), logical positivism remains the tacit philosophy of many scientists. Regrettably, the anti-positivism fashionable in the metatheory of social science is often nothing but an excuse for sloppiness and wild speculation.

lri.fr

Kuhn, T.S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (PDF) (edisi ke-2). Chicago: Chicago University Press. hlm. 206. ISBN 0-226-45803-2. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-24. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.

lse.ac.uk

www2.lse.ac.uk

"Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-02. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.

metaphysicspirit.com

Bacon, Francis Novum Organum Diarsipkan 2021-11-30 di Wayback Machine. (The New Organon), 1620. Bacon's work described many of the accepted principles, underscoring the importance of empirical results, data gathering and experiment. Encyclopædia Britannica (1911), "Bacon, Francis" states: [In Novum Organum, we ] "proceed to apply what is perhaps the most valuable part of the Baconian method, the process of exclusion or rejection. This elimination of the non-essential, ..., is the most important of Bacon's contributions to the logic of induction, and that in which, as he repeatedly says, his method differs from all previous philosophies."

monoskop.org

Feyerabend, Paul (1993). Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-3). New York: Verso Publishing. hlm. 20. ISBN 9780860916468. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-15. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Meyer, Axel (2011). "On the Nature of Scientific Progress: Anarchistic Theory Says "Anything Goes"—But I Don't Think So" (PDF). Public Library of Science (dalam bahasa Inggris). 9 (10): 1. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001165. PMC 3186797 . Pemeliharaan CS1: Format PMC (link)
Grünbaum, A (1981). "The Placebo Concept". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 19 (2): 157–167. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(81)90040-1. PMID 7271692.
Gøtzsche, P.C. (1994). "Is there logic in the placebo?". Lancet. 344 (8927): 925–926. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92273-x. PMID 7934350.
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"The Prize in Economic Sciences 1998". NobelPrize.org. 1998-10-14. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-08-12. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

"Naturalism". Oxford English Dictionary Online.

paricenter.com

McMullin, Ernan. "The Impact of Newton's Principia on the Philosophy of Science". www.paricenter.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Pari Center for New Learning. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-24. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.

pbworks.com

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van Fraassen, Bas. C. (1980). The Scientific Image (PDF). USA: Oxford University Press. hlm. 57. ISBN 978-0-19-824424-0. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-06-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

philarchive.org

Maxwell, Nicholas (2009). Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem (dalam bahasa Inggris). London: Pentire Press. hlm. 75. ISBN 978-0-9552240-1-0.

philpapers.org

Laudan, Larry (1983). "The Demise of the Demarcation Problem". Dalam Adolf Grünbaum; Robert Sonné Cohen; Larry Laudan. Physics, Philosophy, and Psychoanalysis: Essays in Honor of Adolf Grünbaum (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Springer. hlm. 112. ISBN 978-90-277-1533-3. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-31. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.

psu.edu

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Winsberg, Eric (September 2006). "Models of Success Versus the Success of Models: Reliability without Truth". Synthese. 152: 1–19. doi:10.1007/s11229-004-5404-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-11. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.

researchgate.net

Jena, Yeremias (2015). Filsafat Ilmu: Kajian Filosofis atas Sejarah dan Metodologi Ilmu Pengetahuan (PDF). Yogyakarta: Deepublish. hlm. xiii. ISBN 978-602-280-873-2. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-11. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.

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Mason, Kelby; Sripada, Chandra Sekhar; Stich, Stephen (2010). "Philosophy of Psychology" (PDF). Dalam Moral, Dermot. Routledge Companion to Twentieth-Century Philosophy. London: Routledge. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-05-17. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.

sfu.ca

Poidevin, Robin Le (2011), Science and Pseudo-Science (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris), Stanford: The Metaphysics Research Lab, hlm. 14, diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-11-20, diakses tanggal 2021-12-04
Hempel, Carl G.; Paul Oppenheim (1948). "Studies in the Logic of Explanation" (PDF). Philosophy of Science (dalam bahasa Inggris). 15 (2): 135–175. doi:10.1086/286983. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-30. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.

southeastern.edu

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Forrest, Barbara (2000). "Methodological Naturalism and Philosophical Naturalism: Clarifying the Connection" (PDF). Journal of Philosophy. 3 (2): 9. doi:10.5840/philo20003213. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-12-11. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.

springer.com

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Gauch., Hugh G. (2009). "Science, Worldviews, and Education" (PDF). Science & Education. 18: 672. doi:10.1007/s11191-006-9059-1. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-10. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

stanford.edu

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Thornton, Stephen (2006). "Karl Popper". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-06-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-02.
Uebel, Thomas (2006). "Vienna Circle". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-06-26. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-04.
Science and Pseudo-Science (dalam bahasa Inggris), Stanford: Oxford American Dictionary, 2008, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-06-11, diakses tanggal 2021-12-04
Woodward, James (2003). "Scientific Explanation". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-07-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Vickers, John (2013). "The Problem of Induction". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Vickers, John (2013). "The Problem of Induction". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Baker, Alan (2013). "Simplicity". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-26. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Bogen, Jim (2013). "Theory and Observation in Science". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-02-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Boyd, Richard (2002). "Scientific Realism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-07-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Longino, Helen (2013). "The Social Dimensions of Scientific Knowledge". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-26. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
"John Stuart Mill (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)". plato.stanford.edu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-01-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006). "Vienna Circle". plato.stanford.edu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-08-10. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-10.
Bird, Alexander (2013). Zalta, Edward N., ed. "Thomas Kuhn". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-07-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Papineau, David "Naturalism" Diarsipkan 2018-04-26 di Wayback Machine., in "The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
Olsson, Erik (2014). Zalta, Edward N., ed. "Coherentist Theories of Epistemic Justification". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-09-14. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Wheeler, Michael (2015). "Martin Heidegger". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-16. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Cat, Jordi (2013). "The Unity of Science". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Paul Feyerabend". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-06-15. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Bickle, John; Mandik, Peter; Landreth, Anthony (2010). Zalta, Edward N., ed. "The Philosophy of Neuroscience". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-12-02. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Romeijn, Jan-Willem (2014). Zalta, Edward N., ed. "Philosophy of Statistics". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-09-14. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Horsten, Leon (2015). Zalta, Edward N., ed. "Philosophy of Mathematics". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-05-16. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Ismael, Jenann (2015). Zalta, Edward N., ed. "Quantum Mechanics". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-11-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Weisberg, Michael; Needham, Paul; Hendry, Robin (2011). "Philosophy of Chemistry". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Murphy, Dominic (Spring 2015). "Philosophy of Psychiatry Diarsipkan 2019-03-18 di Wayback Machine.". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, editor oleh Edward N. Zalta. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Bickle, John; Mandik, Peter; Landreth, Anthony (2010). Zalta, Edward N., ed. "The Philosophy of Neuroscience". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-12-02. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2008). "Auguste Comte". plato.stanford.edu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-11. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

ufl.edu

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Banks, James A. (1995). "The Historical Reconstruction of Knowledge about Race: Implications for Transformative Teaching" (PDF). Educational Researcher. 24 (2): 17. doi:10.2307/1176421. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-05-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

uinsgd.ac.id

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Muliadi 2020, hlm. 92. Muliadi (2020). Filsafat Umum (PDF). Bandung: Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. hlm. 250. ISBN 978-623-7166-42-9. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-12-26. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.
Muliadi 2020, hlm. 59. Muliadi (2020). Filsafat Umum (PDF). Bandung: Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. hlm. 250. ISBN 978-623-7166-42-9. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-12-26. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.

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Aprita, Serlika (2020). Filsafat Hukum (PDF) (edisi ke-2). Depok: Raja Grafindo Persada. hlm. 30. ISBN 0-226-45803-2. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.

unb.ca

ifmlab.for.unb.ca

Simpson, George Gaylord (1963). "Biology and the Nature of Science" (PDF). Science. 139 (3550): 81–88. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13. Uniformity is an unprovable postulate justified, or indeed required, on two grounds. First, nothing in our incomplete but extensive knowledge of history disagrees with it. Second, only with this postulate is a rational interpretation of history possible and we are justified in seeking—as scientists we must seek—such a rational interpretation

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Wahana, Paulus (2016). FIlsafat Ilmu Pengetahuan (PDF). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Diamond. hlm. 31. ISBN 978-979-1953-917. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.

web.archive.org

Jena, Yeremias (2015). Filsafat Ilmu: Kajian Filosofis atas Sejarah dan Metodologi Ilmu Pengetahuan (PDF). Yogyakarta: Deepublish. hlm. xiii. ISBN 978-602-280-873-2. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-11. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.
Juneman, Juneman; Pradipto, Yosef Dedy (2013-04-30). "Filsafat Ilmu sebagai Landasan Holistis Pengembangan Ilmu Psikologi". Humaniora (dalam bahasa Inggris). 4 (1): 539–546. doi:10.21512/humaniora.v4i1.3462. ISSN 2476-9061. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-13.
Weinberg, Alvin M. (1970). "Views: The Axiology of Science: The urgent question of scientific priorities has helped to promote a growing concern with value in science". American Scientist. 58 (6): 612–617. ISSN 0003-0996. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-09-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-13.
Thornton, Stephen (2006). "Karl Popper". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-06-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-02.
Poidevin, Robin Le (2011), Science and Pseudo-Science (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris), Stanford: The Metaphysics Research Lab, hlm. 14, diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-11-20, diakses tanggal 2021-12-04
Laudan, Larry (1983). "The Demise of the Demarcation Problem". Dalam Adolf Grünbaum; Robert Sonné Cohen; Larry Laudan. Physics, Philosophy, and Psychoanalysis: Essays in Honor of Adolf Grünbaum (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Springer. hlm. 112. ISBN 978-90-277-1533-3. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-31. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.
Uebel, Thomas (2006). "Vienna Circle". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-06-26. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-04.
Popper, Karl (2002). The Logic of Scientific Discovery (PDF) (edisi ke-2). London & New York: Routledge. hlm. 17–19. ISBN 9780415278447. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Popper, Karl (2002). The Logic of Scientific Discovery (PDF). London & New York: Routledge. hlm. 20. ISBN 9780415278447. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Science and Pseudo-Science (dalam bahasa Inggris), Stanford: Oxford American Dictionary, 2008, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-06-11, diakses tanggal 2021-12-04
Pigliucci, Massimo; Maarten Boudry, Boudry (2013). Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). United States: University of Chicago Press. hlm. 101. ISBN 978-0-226-05182-6. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Cargo Cult Science Diarsipkan 2013-12-01 di Wayback Machine. oleh Feynman, Richard. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-04
Hempel, Carl G.; Paul Oppenheim (1948). "Studies in the Logic of Explanation" (PDF). Philosophy of Science (dalam bahasa Inggris). 15 (2): 135–175. doi:10.1086/286983. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-30. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Salmon, Merrilee; John Earman, Clark Glymour, James G. Lenno, Peter Machamer, J.E. McGuire, John D. Norton, Wesley C. Salmon, Kenneth F. Schaffner (1992). Introduction to the Philosophy of Science (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-663345-7. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-06-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Woodward, James (2003). "Scientific Explanation". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-07-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Vickers, John (2013). "The Problem of Induction". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Vickers, John (2013). "The Problem of Induction". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Baker, Alan (2013). "Simplicity". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-26. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Bogen, Jim (2013). "Theory and Observation in Science". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-02-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Boyd, Richard (2002). "Scientific Realism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-07-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Stanford, P. Kyle (2006). Exceeding Our Grasp: Science, History, and the Problem of Unconceived Alternatives (PDF). New York: Oxford University Press. hlm. 8. ISBN 978-0-19-517408-3. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Laudan, Larry (1981). "A Confutation of Convergent Realism" (PDF). Philosophy of Science. 48: 218–249. doi:10.1086/288975. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-25. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.
van Fraassen, Bas. C. (1980). The Scientific Image (PDF). USA: Oxford University Press. hlm. 57. ISBN 978-0-19-824424-0. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-06-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Winsberg, Eric (September 2006). "Models of Success Versus the Success of Models: Reliability without Truth". Synthese. 152: 1–19. doi:10.1007/s11229-004-5404-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-11. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.
Stanford, P. Kyle (June 2000). "An Antirealist Explanation of the Success of Science" (PDF). Philosophy of Science. 67 (2): 266–284. doi:10.1086/392775. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-09-23. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.
Longino, Helen (2013). "The Social Dimensions of Scientific Knowledge". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-26. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Banks, James A. (1995). "The Historical Reconstruction of Knowledge about Race: Implications for Transformative Teaching" (PDF). Educational Researcher. 24 (2): 17. doi:10.2307/1176421. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-05-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
(Inggris) Buckingham, Will; Douglas Burnham; Peter J. King; Clive Hill; Marcus Weeks; John Marenbon (2011). The Philosophy Book (Big Ideas Simply Explained) (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). New York: DK, Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-0-7566-6861-7. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-25. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Bacon, Francis Novum Organum Diarsipkan 2021-11-30 di Wayback Machine. (The New Organon), 1620. Bacon's work described many of the accepted principles, underscoring the importance of empirical results, data gathering and experiment. Encyclopædia Britannica (1911), "Bacon, Francis" states: [In Novum Organum, we ] "proceed to apply what is perhaps the most valuable part of the Baconian method, the process of exclusion or rejection. This elimination of the non-essential, ..., is the most important of Bacon's contributions to the logic of induction, and that in which, as he repeatedly says, his method differs from all previous philosophies."
McMullin, Ernan. "The Impact of Newton's Principia on the Philosophy of Science". www.paricenter.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Pari Center for New Learning. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-24. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
"John Stuart Mill (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)". plato.stanford.edu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-01-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006). "Vienna Circle". plato.stanford.edu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-08-10. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-10.
"Popper, Falsifiability, and the Failure of Positivism". 2000-08-07. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-01-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13. The upshot is that the positivists seem caught between insisting on the V.C. [Verifiability Criterion]—but for no defensible reason—or admitting that the V.C. requires a background language, etc., which opens the door to relativism, etc. In light of this dilemma, many folk—especially following Popper's "last-ditch" effort to "save" empiricism/positivism/realism with the falsifiability criterion—have agreed that positivism is a dead-end.
Bird, Alexander (2013). Zalta, Edward N., ed. "Thomas Kuhn". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-07-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Kuhn, T.S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (PDF) (edisi ke-2). Chicago: Chicago University Press. hlm. 206. ISBN 0-226-45803-2. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-24. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.
Aprita, Serlika (2020). Filsafat Hukum (PDF) (edisi ke-2). Depok: Raja Grafindo Persada. hlm. 30. ISBN 0-226-45803-2. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Papineau, David "Naturalism" Diarsipkan 2018-04-26 di Wayback Machine., in "The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
Forrest, Barbara (2000). "Methodological Naturalism and Philosophical Naturalism: Clarifying the Connection" (PDF). Journal of Philosophy. 3 (2): 9. doi:10.5840/philo20003213. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-12-11. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-11.
Vaccaro, Joan. "Theism and Atheism". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-02-17. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Gauch., Hugh G. (2009). "Science, Worldviews, and Education" (PDF). Science & Education. 18: 672. doi:10.1007/s11191-006-9059-1. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-10. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Simpson, George Gaylord (1963). "Biology and the Nature of Science" (PDF). Science. 139 (3550): 81–88. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13. Uniformity is an unprovable postulate justified, or indeed required, on two grounds. First, nothing in our incomplete but extensive knowledge of history disagrees with it. Second, only with this postulate is a rational interpretation of history possible and we are justified in seeking—as scientists we must seek—such a rational interpretation
"Simple Random Sampling". 2010-12-14. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-01-02. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12. A simple random sample (SRS) is the most basic probabilistic option used for creating a sample from a population. Each SRS is made of individuals drawn from a larger population, completely at random. As a result, said individuals have an equal chance of being selected throughout the sampling process. The benefit of SRS is that as a result, the investigator is guaranteed to choose a sample which is representative of the population, which ensures statistically valid conclusions.
Olsson, Erik (2014). Zalta, Edward N., ed. "Coherentist Theories of Epistemic Justification". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-09-14. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Feyerabend, Paul (1993). Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-3). New York: Verso Publishing. hlm. 20. ISBN 9780860916468. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-15. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Kuhn, T.S. (1996). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 3rd. ed (PDF). The University of Chicago Press. hlm. 176. ISBN 978-0-226-45808-3. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-16. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-14. A paradigm is what the members of a community of scientists share, and, conversely, a scientific community consists of men who share a paradigm.
Hatab, Lawrence J. (2008). "How Does the Ascetic Ideal Function in Nietzsche's Genealogy?". The Journal of Nietzsche Studies. 35 (35/36): 106–123. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Gutting, Gary (2005). Continental Philosophy of Science, Blackwell Publishers (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishing. hlm. 2. ISBN 0-631-23610-4. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Wheeler, Michael (2015). "Martin Heidegger". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-16. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Foucault, Michel (1961). Khalfa, Jean, ed. History of Madness [Folie et Déraison: Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique]. Diterjemahkan oleh Murphy, Jonathan; Khalfa, Jean. London: Routledge (dipublikasikan tanggal 2013). ISBN 9781134473809. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-07-15. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
Cat, Jordi (2013). "The Unity of Science". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-12.
Kristiawan, Muhammad (2016). Filsafat Pendidikan: The Choice Is Yours. Sleman: Penerbit Valia Pustaka Jogjakarta. hlm. 241. ISBN 978-602-71540-8-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-15. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Wahana, Paulus (2016). FIlsafat Ilmu Pengetahuan (PDF). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Diamond. hlm. 31. ISBN 978-979-1953-917. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-09.
Muslih 2016, hlm. ix. Muslih, Mohammad (2016). Filsafat Ilmu Kajian atas Asumsi Dasar, Paradigma, dan Kerangka Teori Ilmu Pengetahuan (PDF). Bandung: L E S F I. hlm. 278. ISBN 978-979-567-044-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-12-08. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
"Relativism". dictionary.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
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Muslih 2016, hlm. 92. Muslih, Mohammad (2016). Filsafat Ilmu Kajian atas Asumsi Dasar, Paradigma, dan Kerangka Teori Ilmu Pengetahuan (PDF). Bandung: L E S F I. hlm. 278. ISBN 978-979-567-044-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-12-08. Diakses tanggal 2021-12-13.
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worldcat.org

Juneman, Juneman; Pradipto, Yosef Dedy (2013-04-30). "Filsafat Ilmu sebagai Landasan Holistis Pengembangan Ilmu Psikologi". Humaniora (dalam bahasa Inggris). 4 (1): 539–546. doi:10.21512/humaniora.v4i1.3462. ISSN 2476-9061. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-13.
Weinberg, Alvin M. (1970). "Views: The Axiology of Science: The urgent question of scientific priorities has helped to promote a growing concern with value in science". American Scientist. 58 (6): 612–617. ISSN 0003-0996. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-09-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-13.

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