Germanium (Indonesian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Germanium" in Indonesian language version.

Last modified: 08:57:58, 30 September 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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7239web.archive.org

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7052doi.org

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2927adsabs.harvard.edu

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44arxiv.org

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42uni-goettingen.de

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41ioffe.ru

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31archives-ouvertes.fr

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22cornell.edu

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22researchgate.net

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21osti.gov

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acs.org (Global: 865^th place; Indonesian: 871^st place)

pubs.acs.org

Halford, Bethany (2003). "Germanium". Chemical & Engineering News. American Chemical Society. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 13 Mei 2008. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Indonesian: 19^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Avarmaa, Katri; Klemettinen, Lassi; O’Brien, Hugh; Taskinen, Pekka; Jokilaakso, Ari (Juni 2019). "Critical Metals Ga, Ge and In: Experimental Evidence for Smelter Recovery Improvements". Minerals (dalam bahasa Inggris). 9 (6): 367. Bibcode:2019Mine....9..367A. doi:10.3390/min9060367.
Adams, J. C. (13 November 1846). "Explanation of the observed irregularities in the motion of Uranus, on the hypothesis of disturbance by a more distant planet". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7 (9): 149–152. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..149A. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.149. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 2 Mei 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: DOI bebas tanpa ditandai (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Challis, Rev. J. (November 13, 1846). "Account of observations at the Cambridge observatory for detecting the planet exterior to Uranus". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7 (9): 145–149. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..145C. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.145. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 4 Mei 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: DOI bebas tanpa ditandai (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Bardeen, J.; Brattain, W. H. (1948). "The Transistor, A Semi-Conductor Triode". Physical Review. 74 (2): 230–231. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74..230B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.230.
Teal, Gordon K. (Juli 1976). "Single Crystals of Germanium and Silicon-Basic to the Transistor and Integrated Circuit". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. ED-23 (7): 621–639. Bibcode:1976ITED...23..621T. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1976.18464. S2CID 11910543.
Agnese, R.; Aralis, T.; Aramaki, T.; Arnquist, I. J.; Azadbakht, E.; Baker, W.; Banik, S.; Barker, D.; Bauer, D. A. (27 Agustus 2018). "Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors". Applied Physics Letters. 113 (9): 092101. arXiv:1805.09942. Bibcode:2018ApPhL.113i2101A. doi:10.1063/1.5041457. ISSN 0003-6951. S2CID 118627298.
Lévy, F.; Sheikin, I.; Grenier, B.; Huxley, A. (Agustus 2005). "Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe". Science. 309 (5739): 1343–1346. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1343L. doi:10.1126/science.1115498. PMID 16123293. S2CID 38460998.
Tabet, N; Salim, Mushtaq A. (1998). "KRXPS study of the oxidation of Ge(001) surface". Applied Surface Science. 134 (1–4): 275–282. Bibcode:1998ApSS..134..275T. doi:10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00251-7.
Drugoveiko, O. P.; Evstrop'ev, K. K.; Kondrat'eva, B. S.; Petrov, Yu. A.; Shevyakov, A. M. (1975). "Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of germanium dioxide and its hydrolysis products". Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. 22 (2): 191–193. Bibcode:1975JApSp..22..191D. doi:10.1007/BF00614256. S2CID 97581394.
Lightstone, A. W.; McIntyre, R. J.; Lecomte, R.; Schmitt, D. (1986). "A Bismuth Germanate-Avalanche Photodiode Module Designed for Use in High Resolution Positron Emission Tomography". IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 33 (1): 456–459. Bibcode:1986ITNS...33..456L. doi:10.1109/TNS.1986.4337142. S2CID 682173.
Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Sterling, N. C.; Dinerstein, Harriet L.; Bowers, Charles W. (2002). "Discovery of Enhanced Germanium Abundances in Planetary Nebulae with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 578 (1): L55–L58. arXiv:astro-ph/0208516. Bibcode:2002ApJ...578L..55S. doi:10.1086/344473. S2CID 119395123.
Cowan, John (1 Mei 2003). "Astronomy: Elements of surprise". Nature. 423 (29): 29. Bibcode:2003Natur.423...29C. doi:10.1038/423029a. PMID 12721614. S2CID 4330398.
Kunde, V.; Hanel, R.; Maguire, W.; Gautier, D.; Baluteau, J. P.; Marten, A.; Chedin, A.; Husson, N.; Scott, N. (1982). "The tropospheric gas composition of Jupiter's north equatorial belt /NH₃, PH₃, CH₃D, GeH₄, H₂O/ and the Jovian D/H isotopic ratio". Astrophysical Journal. 263: 443–467. Bibcode:1982ApJ...263..443K. doi:10.1086/160516.
Bernstein, L (1985). "Germanium geochemistry and mineralogy". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 49 (11): 2409–2422. Bibcode:1985GeCoA..49.2409B. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(85)90241-8.
Frenzel, Max; Ketris, Marina P.; Gutzmer, Jens (29 Desember 2013). "On the geological availability of germanium". Mineralium Deposita. 49 (4): 471–486. Bibcode:2014MinDe..49..471F. doi:10.1007/s00126-013-0506-z. ISSN 0026-4598. S2CID 129902592.
Frenzel, Max; Ketris, Marina P.; Gutzmer, Jens (19 Januari 2014). "Erratum to: On the geological availability of germanium". Mineralium Deposita. 49 (4): 487. Bibcode:2014MinDe..49..487F. doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0509-4. ISSN 0026-4598. S2CID 140620827.
Rieke, G. H. (2007). "Infrared Detector Arrays for Astronomy". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 45 (1): 77–115. Bibcode:2007ARA&A..45...77R. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092436. S2CID 26285029.
Gardos, Michael N.; Bonnie L. Soriano; Steven H. Propst (1990). Feldman, Albert; Holly, Sandor (ed.). "Study on correlating rain erosion resistance with sliding abrasion resistance of DLC on germanium". Proc. SPIE. SPIE Proceedings. 1325 (Mechanical Properties): 99. Bibcode:1990SPIE.1325...99G. doi:10.1117/12.22449. S2CID 137425193.
Washio, K. (2003). "SiGe HBT and BiCMOS technologies for optical transmission and wireless communication systems". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 50 (3): 656–668. Bibcode:2003ITED...50..656W. doi:10.1109/TED.2003.810484.
Bailey, Sheila G.; Raffaelle, Ryne; Emery, Keith (2002). "Space and terrestrial photovoltaics: synergy and diversity". Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. 10 (6): 399–406. Bibcode:2002sprt.conf..202B. doi:10.1002/pip.446. hdl:2060/20030000611. S2CID 98370426.
Crisp, D.; Pathare, A.; Ewell, R. C. (Januari 2004). "The performance of gallium arsenide/germanium solar cells at the Martian surface". Acta Astronautica. 54 (2): 83–101. Bibcode:2004AcAau..54...83C. doi:10.1016/S0094-5765(02)00287-4.
Wu, Heng; Ye, Peide D. (Agustus 2016). "Fully Depleted Ge CMOS Devices and Logic Circuits on Si" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 63 (8): 3028–3035. Bibcode:2016ITED...63.3028W. doi:10.1109/TED.2016.2581203. S2CID 3231511. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 6 Maret 2019. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023.
Ahmed, F. U.; Yunus, S. M.; Kamal, I.; Begum, S.; Khan, Aysha A.; Ahsan, M. H.; Ahmad, A. A. Z. (1996). "Optimization of Germanium for Neutron Diffractometers". International Journal of Modern Physics E. 5 (1): 131–151. Bibcode:1996IJMPE...5..131A. doi:10.1142/S0218301396000062.
Diehl, R.; Prantzos, N.; Vonballmoos, P. (2006). "Astrophysical constraints from gamma-ray spectroscopy". Nuclear Physics A. 777 (2006): 70–97. arXiv:astro-ph/0502324. Bibcode:2006NuPhA.777...70D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.256.9318. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.155. S2CID 2360391. {{cite journal}}: Kutipan menggunakan parameter usang |citeseerx=
Shen, C.; Trypiniotis, T.; Lee, K. Y.; Holmes, S. N.; Mansell, R.; Husain, M.; Shah, V.; Li, X. V.; Kurebayashi, H. (18 Oktober 2010). "Spin transport in germanium at room temperature" (PDF). Applied Physics Letters. 97 (16): 162104. Bibcode:2010ApPhL..97p2104S. doi:10.1063/1.3505337. ISSN 0003-6951. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 22 September 2017. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Sigillito, A. J.; Jock, R. M.; Tyryshkin, A. M.; Beeman, J. W.; Haller, E. E.; Itoh, K. M.; Lyon, S. A. (7 Desember 2015). "Electron Spin Coherence of Shallow Donors in Natural and Isotopically Enriched Germanium". Physical Review Letters. 115 (24): 247601. arXiv:1506.05767. Bibcode:2015PhRvL.115x7601S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.247601. PMID 26705654. S2CID 13299377.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: nomor artikel sebagai nomor halaman (link)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Indonesian: 3^rd place)

Bardeen, J.; Brattain, W. H. (1948). "The Transistor, A Semi-Conductor Triode". Physical Review. 74 (2): 230–231. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74..230B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.230.
Teal, Gordon K. (Juli 1976). "Single Crystals of Germanium and Silicon-Basic to the Transistor and Integrated Circuit". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. ED-23 (7): 621–639. Bibcode:1976ITED...23..621T. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1976.18464. S2CID 11910543.
Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 506–510. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.
Chardin, B. (2001). "Dark Matter: Direct Detection". Dalam Binetruy, B (ed.). The Primordial Universe: 28 June – 23 July 1999. Springer. hlm. 308. ISBN 978-3-540-41046-1.
Lévy, F.; Sheikin, I.; Grenier, B.; Huxley, A. (Agustus 2005). "Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe". Science. 309 (5739): 1343–1346. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1343L. doi:10.1126/science.1115498. PMID 16123293. S2CID 38460998.
Xu, Li; Sevov, Slavi C. (1999). "Oxidative Coupling of Deltahedral [Ge₉]⁴⁻ Zintl Ions". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (39): 9245–9246. doi:10.1021/ja992269s.
Bayya, Shyam S.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.; Wojcik, Joshua A. (2002). "Infrared Transparent Germanate Glass-Ceramics". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 85 (12): 3114–3116. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00594.x.
Drugoveiko, O. P.; Evstrop'ev, K. K.; Kondrat'eva, B. S.; Petrov, Yu. A.; Shevyakov, A. M. (1975). "Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of germanium dioxide and its hydrolysis products". Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. 22 (2): 191–193. Bibcode:1975JApSp..22..191D. doi:10.1007/BF00614256. S2CID 97581394.
Kunde, V.; Hanel, R.; Maguire, W.; Gautier, D.; Baluteau, J. P.; Marten, A.; Chedin, A.; Husson, N.; Scott, N. (1982). "The tropospheric gas composition of Jupiter's north equatorial belt /NH₃, PH₃, CH₃D, GeH₄, H₂O/ and the Jovian D/H isotopic ratio". Astrophysical Journal. 263: 443–467. Bibcode:1982ApJ...263..443K. doi:10.1086/160516.
Bernstein, L (1985). "Germanium geochemistry and mineralogy". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 49 (11): 2409–2422. Bibcode:1985GeCoA..49.2409B. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(85)90241-8.
Lettington, Alan H. (1998). "Applications of diamond-like carbon thin films". Carbon. 36 (5–6): 555–560. doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00062-1.
Fang, Li; Kulkarni, Sameer; Alhooshani, Khalid; Malik, Abdul (2007). "Germania-Based, Sol-Gel Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Coatings for Capillary Microextraction and Gas Chromatography". Anal. Chem. 79 (24): 9441–9451. doi:10.1021/ac071056f. PMID 17994707.
Ades TB, ed. (2009). "Germanium". American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies (Edisi 2). American Cancer Society. hlm. 360–363. ISBN 978-0944235713.
Baselt, R. (2008). Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man (Edisi 8). Foster City, CA: Biomedical Publications. hlm. 693–694.
Gerber, G. B.; Léonard, A. (1997). "Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of germanium compounds". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 387 (3): 141–146. doi:10.1016/S1383-5742(97)00034-3. PMID 9439710.

archives-ouvertes.fr (Global: 1,143^rd place; Indonesian: 1,257^th place)

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; Indonesian: 117^th place)

Agnese, R.; Aralis, T.; Aramaki, T.; Arnquist, I. J.; Azadbakht, E.; Baker, W.; Banik, S.; Barker, D.; Bauer, D. A. (27 Agustus 2018). "Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors". Applied Physics Letters. 113 (9): 092101. arXiv:1805.09942. Bibcode:2018ApPhL.113i2101A. doi:10.1063/1.5041457. ISSN 0003-6951. S2CID 118627298.
Sterling, N. C.; Dinerstein, Harriet L.; Bowers, Charles W. (2002). "Discovery of Enhanced Germanium Abundances in Planetary Nebulae with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 578 (1): L55–L58. arXiv:astro-ph/0208516. Bibcode:2002ApJ...578L..55S. doi:10.1086/344473. S2CID 119395123.
Diehl, R.; Prantzos, N.; Vonballmoos, P. (2006). "Astrophysical constraints from gamma-ray spectroscopy". Nuclear Physics A. 777 (2006): 70–97. arXiv:astro-ph/0502324. Bibcode:2006NuPhA.777...70D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.256.9318. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.155. S2CID 2360391. {{cite journal}}: Kutipan menggunakan parameter usang |citeseerx=
Sigillito, A. J.; Jock, R. M.; Tyryshkin, A. M.; Beeman, J. W.; Haller, E. E.; Itoh, K. M.; Lyon, S. A. (7 Desember 2015). "Electron Spin Coherence of Shallow Donors in Natural and Isotopically Enriched Germanium". Physical Review Letters. 115 (24): 247601. arXiv:1506.05767. Bibcode:2015PhRvL.115x7601S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.247601. PMID 26705654. S2CID 13299377.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: nomor artikel sebagai nomor halaman (link)

bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; Indonesian: 751^st place)

gallica.bnf.fr

Winkler, Clemens (1887). "Mittheilungen über des Germanium. Zweite Abhandlung". J. Prak. Chemie (dalam bahasa Jerman). 36 (1): 177–209. doi:10.1002/prac.18870360119. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 3 November 2012. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Winkler, Clemens (1887). "Germanium, Ge, a New Nonmetal Element". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (dalam bahasa Jerman). 19 (1): 210–211. doi:10.1002/cber.18860190156. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 7 Desember 2008.
de Boisbaudran, M. Lecoq (1886). "Sur le poids atomique du germanium". Comptes Rendus (dalam bahasa Prancis). 103: 452. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 20 Juni 2013. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.

cam.ac.uk (Global: 569^th place; Indonesian: 814^th place)

sp.phy.cam.ac.uk

"SiGe History". University of Cambridge. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 5 Agustus 2008. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.

chemistryviews.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 Agustus 2016.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; Indonesian: 61^st place)

edition.cnn.com

China hits back in the chip war, imposing export curbs on crucial raw materials Diarsipkan 2023-07-05 di Wayback Machine, CNN, 3 Juli 2023.

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; Indonesian: 2,760^th place)

"1941 – Semiconductor diode rectifiers serve in WW II". Computer History Museum. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 24 September 2008. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; Indonesian: 198^th place)

cdl.library.cornell.edu

"Editor's Scientific Record". Harper's New Monthly Magazine. 55 (325): 152–153. Juni 1877. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: layanan pengarsipan yang sudah usang (link)
"Germanium, a New Non-Metallic Element". The Manufacturer and Builder: 181. 1887. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 19 Desember 2008. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.

deutsche-rohstoffagentur.de (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"Archived copy" (PDF). Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 6 Oktober 2018. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Salinan terarsip sebagai judul (link)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Indonesian: 2^nd place)

Avarmaa, Katri; Klemettinen, Lassi; O’Brien, Hugh; Taskinen, Pekka; Jokilaakso, Ari (Juni 2019). "Critical Metals Ga, Ge and In: Experimental Evidence for Smelter Recovery Improvements". Minerals (dalam bahasa Inggris). 9 (6): 367. Bibcode:2019Mine....9..367A. doi:10.3390/min9060367.
Winkler, Clemens (1887). "Mittheilungen über des Germanium. Zweite Abhandlung". J. Prak. Chemie (dalam bahasa Jerman). 36 (1): 177–209. doi:10.1002/prac.18870360119. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 3 November 2012. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Winkler, Clemens (1887). "Germanium, Ge, a New Nonmetal Element". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (dalam bahasa Jerman). 19 (1): 210–211. doi:10.1002/cber.18860190156. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 7 Desember 2008.
Adams, J. C. (13 November 1846). "Explanation of the observed irregularities in the motion of Uranus, on the hypothesis of disturbance by a more distant planet". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7 (9): 149–152. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..149A. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.149. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 2 Mei 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: DOI bebas tanpa ditandai (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Challis, Rev. J. (November 13, 1846). "Account of observations at the Cambridge observatory for detecting the planet exterior to Uranus". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7 (9): 145–149. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..145C. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.145. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 4 Mei 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: DOI bebas tanpa ditandai (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Brunck, O. (1886). "Obituary: Clemens Winkler". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (dalam bahasa Jerman). 39 (4): 4491–4548. doi:10.1002/cber.190603904164. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 1 Agustus 2020. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.
Bardeen, J.; Brattain, W. H. (1948). "The Transistor, A Semi-Conductor Triode". Physical Review. 74 (2): 230–231. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74..230B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.230.
Teal, Gordon K. (Juli 1976). "Single Crystals of Germanium and Silicon-Basic to the Transistor and Integrated Circuit". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. ED-23 (7): 621–639. Bibcode:1976ITED...23..621T. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1976.18464. S2CID 11910543.
Agnese, R.; Aralis, T.; Aramaki, T.; Arnquist, I. J.; Azadbakht, E.; Baker, W.; Banik, S.; Barker, D.; Bauer, D. A. (27 Agustus 2018). "Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors". Applied Physics Letters. 113 (9): 092101. arXiv:1805.09942. Bibcode:2018ApPhL.113i2101A. doi:10.1063/1.5041457. ISSN 0003-6951. S2CID 118627298.
Lévy, F.; Sheikin, I.; Grenier, B.; Huxley, A. (Agustus 2005). "Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe". Science. 309 (5739): 1343–1346. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1343L. doi:10.1126/science.1115498. PMID 16123293. S2CID 38460998.
Givargizov, E. I. (1972). "Morphology of Germanium Whiskers". Kristall und Technik. 7 (1–3): 37–41. doi:10.1002/crat.19720070107.
Tabet, N; Salim, Mushtaq A. (1998). "KRXPS study of the oxidation of Ge(001) surface". Applied Surface Science. 134 (1–4): 275–282. Bibcode:1998ApSS..134..275T. doi:10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00251-7.
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soton.ac.uk (Global: 6,784^th place; Indonesian: 7,495^th place)

eprints.soton.ac.uk

Shen, C.; Trypiniotis, T.; Lee, K. Y.; Holmes, S. N.; Mansell, R.; Husain, M.; Shah, V.; Li, X. V.; Kurebayashi, H. (18 Oktober 2010). "Spin transport in germanium at room temperature" (PDF). Applied Physics Letters. 97 (16): 162104. Bibcode:2010ApPhL..97p2104S. doi:10.1063/1.3505337. ISSN 0003-6951. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 22 September 2017. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

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usgs.gov (Global: 119^th place; Indonesian: 127^th place)

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R.N. Soar (1977). USGS Minerals Information. Januari 2003, Januari 2004, Januari 2005, Januari 2006, Januari 2007, Januari 2010. ISBN 978-0-85934-039-7. OCLC 16437701. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 7 Mei 2013. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023. {{cite book}}: |journal= diabaikan
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vanderkrogt.net (Global: 8,803^rd place; Indonesian: 3,639^th place)

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Kaji, Masanori (2002). "D. I. Mendeleev's concept of chemical elements and The Principles of Chemistry" (PDF). Bulletin for the History of Chemistry. 27 (1): 4–16. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 17 Desember 2008. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.
Argyrodite – Ag₈GeS₆ (PDF) (Laporan). Mineral Data Publishing. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 3 Maret 2016. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.
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Challis, Rev. J. (November 13, 1846). "Account of observations at the Cambridge observatory for detecting the planet exterior to Uranus". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7 (9): 145–149. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..145C. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.145. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 4 Mei 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: DOI bebas tanpa ditandai (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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Haller, E. E. (14 Juni 2006). "Germanium: From Its Discovery to SiGe Devices" (PDF). Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 10 Juli 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.
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U.S. Geological Survey (2008). "Germanium – Statistics and Information". U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 16 September 2008. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023. Select 2008{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Germanium". Los Alamos National Laboratory. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 22 Juni 2011. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.
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Perreault, Bruce A. "Alpha Fusion Electrical Energy Valve", US Patent 7800286, dikeluarkan tanggal 21 September 2010. PDF copy di Wayback Machine (diarsipkan 12 Oktober 2007)
Frenzel, Max (2016). "The distribution of gallium, germanium and indium in conventional and non-conventional resources – Implications for global availability (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Unpublished. doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.20956.18564. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 6 Oktober 2018. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 6 Oktober 2018. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Salinan terarsip sebagai judul (link)
"Archived copy" (PDF). Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 20 Maret 2020. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Salinan terarsip sebagai judul (link)
Goldschmidt, V. M. (1930). "Ueber das Vorkommen des Germaniums in Steinkohlen und Steinkohlenprodukten". Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse: 141–167. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 3 Maret 2018. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.
Goldschmidt, V. M.; Peters, Cl. (1933). "Zur Geochemie des Germaniums". Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse: 141–167. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 1 Desember 2008. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.
R.N. Soar (1977). USGS Minerals Information. Januari 2003, Januari 2004, Januari 2005, Januari 2006, Januari 2007, Januari 2010. ISBN 978-0-85934-039-7. OCLC 16437701. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 7 Mei 2013. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023. {{cite book}}: |journal= diabaikan
Brown, Robert D. Jr. (2000). "Germanium" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 8 Juni 2011. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023.
"Chapter III: Optical Fiber For Communications" (PDF). Stanford Research Institute. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 5 Desember 2014. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023.
"Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD" (PDF) (Edisi First). Optical Storage Technology Association (OSTA). Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 19 April 2009. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wu, Heng; Ye, Peide D. (Agustus 2016). "Fully Depleted Ge CMOS Devices and Logic Circuits on Si" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 63 (8): 3028–3035. Bibcode:2016ITED...63.3028W. doi:10.1109/TED.2016.2581203. S2CID 3231511. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 6 Maret 2019. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023.
Keyser, Ronald; Twomey, Timothy; Upp, Daniel. "Performance of Light-Weight, Battery-Operated, High Purity Germanium Detectors for Field Use" (PDF). Oak Ridge Technical Enterprise Corporation (ORTEC). Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 26 Oktober 2007. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023.
Shen, C.; Trypiniotis, T.; Lee, K. Y.; Holmes, S. N.; Mansell, R.; Husain, M.; Shah, V.; Li, X. V.; Kurebayashi, H. (18 Oktober 2010). "Spin transport in germanium at room temperature" (PDF). Applied Physics Letters. 97 (16): 162104. Bibcode:2010ApPhL..97p2104S. doi:10.1063/1.3505337. ISSN 0003-6951. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 22 September 2017. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
China restricts exports of two metals that the EU considers of 'strategic' importance Diarsipkan 2023-07-06 di Wayback Machine, Euronews, 4 Juli 2023.
China hits back in the chip war, imposing export curbs on crucial raw materials Diarsipkan 2023-07-05 di Wayback Machine, CNN, 3 Juli 2023.
China to restrict exports of chipmaking materials as US mulls new curbs Diarsipkan 2023-07-05 di Wayback Machine, Reuters, 4 Juli 2023.
"Russian firm says ready to boost germanium output for domestic use". Reuters. 5 Juli 2023. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 2023-07-24. Diakses tanggal 2023-07-13.
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worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Indonesian: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

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Agnese, R.; Aralis, T.; Aramaki, T.; Arnquist, I. J.; Azadbakht, E.; Baker, W.; Banik, S.; Barker, D.; Bauer, D. A. (27 Agustus 2018). "Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors". Applied Physics Letters. 113 (9): 092101. arXiv:1805.09942. Bibcode:2018ApPhL.113i2101A. doi:10.1063/1.5041457. ISSN 0003-6951. S2CID 118627298.
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Frenzel, Max; Ketris, Marina P.; Gutzmer, Jens (19 Januari 2014). "Erratum to: On the geological availability of germanium". Mineralium Deposita. 49 (4): 487. Bibcode:2014MinDe..49..487F. doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0509-4. ISSN 0026-4598. S2CID 140620827.
R.N. Soar (1977). USGS Minerals Information. Januari 2003, Januari 2004, Januari 2005, Januari 2006, Januari 2007, Januari 2010. ISBN 978-0-85934-039-7. OCLC 16437701. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 7 Mei 2013. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023. {{cite book}}: |journal= diabaikan
Shen, C.; Trypiniotis, T.; Lee, K. Y.; Holmes, S. N.; Mansell, R.; Husain, M.; Shah, V.; Li, X. V.; Kurebayashi, H. (18 Oktober 2010). "Spin transport in germanium at room temperature" (PDF). Applied Physics Letters. 97 (16): 162104. Bibcode:2010ApPhL..97p2104S. doi:10.1063/1.3505337. ISSN 0003-6951. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 22 September 2017. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; Indonesian: 584^th place)

Adams, J. C. (13 November 1846). "Explanation of the observed irregularities in the motion of Uranus, on the hypothesis of disturbance by a more distant planet". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7 (9): 149–152. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..149A. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.149. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 2 Mei 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: DOI bebas tanpa ditandai (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Challis, Rev. J. (November 13, 1846). "Account of observations at the Cambridge observatory for detecting the planet exterior to Uranus". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7 (9): 145–149. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..145C. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.145. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 4 Mei 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: DOI bebas tanpa ditandai (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Brunck, O. (1886). "Obituary: Clemens Winkler". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (dalam bahasa Jerman). 39 (4): 4491–4548. doi:10.1002/cber.190603904164. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 1 Agustus 2020. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2023.
Tao, S. H.; Bolger, P. M. (Juni 1997). "Hazard Assessment of Germanium Supplements". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 25 (3): 211–219. doi:10.1006/rtph.1997.1098. PMID 9237323. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 10 Maret 2020. Diakses tanggal 13 Juli 2023.

Germanium (Indonesian Wikipedia)

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