Istanbul (Indonesian Wikipedia)

"Preliminary 2013 World Airport Traffic and Rankings". Airports Council International. 17 March 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-08-13. Diakses tanggal 25 March 2014.

aecom.com

"AECOM expands Bio Istanbul role with project management appointment". aecom.com. AECOM. 4 September 2012. Diakses tanggal 4 May 2013. ^{[pranala nonaktif]}

ametsoc.org

journals.ametsoc.org

Tayanç, Mete; Karaca, Mehmet; Dalfes, H. Nüzhet (1998). "March 1987 Cyclone (Blizzard) over the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkan Region Associated with Blocking". Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 126 (11): 3036. Bibcode:1998MWRv..126.3036T. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3036:MCBOTE>2.0.CO;2. Diakses tanggal 27 July 2010.

archive.org

Tidak ada kesepakatan—terkadang secara substansial—di kalangan sejarawan mengenai angka populasi Istanbul (Konstantinopel), dan kota lainnya di dunia, sebelum abad ke-20. Suatu tindak lanjut dari Chandler & Fox 1974, Chandler 1987, hlm. 463–505^[67] menelaah berbagai perkiraan dari sumber-sumber berbeda dan memilih yang paling mungkin berdasarkan kondisi historis; inilah sumber dari kebanyakan angka populasi antara tahun 100 dan 1914. Rentang angka antara tahun 500 dan 1000 adalah menurut Morris 2010, yang juga melakukan suatu analisis komprehensif dari berbagai sumber, termasuk Chandler (1987); Morris mencatat bahwa banyak dari perkiraan Chandler sepanjang waktu tersebut tampak terlalu besar untuk ukuran kota ini, dan ia menyajikan perkiraan-perkiraan yang lebih kecil. Chandler tidak setuju dengan Turan 2010 mengenai populasi kota pada pertengahan tahun 1920-an (dengan sebelumnya mengemukakan angka 817.000 pada tahun 1925), tetapi catatan dari Turan, hlm. 224, digunakan sebagai sumber angka populasi antara tahun 1924 dan 2005. Angka-angka dari Turan, serta angka tahun 2010,^[148] diambil dari Badan Statistik Turki. Peningkatan populasi yang drastis antara tahun 1980 dan 1985 terutama disebabkan oleh perluasan batas kota (lihat bagian Pemerintahan). Penjelasan mengenai perubahan-perubahan populasi dalam masa pra-Republik dapat dilihat pada bagian Sejarah. Chandler, Tertius (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. Lewiston, N.Y.: St. David's University Press. ISBN 978-0-88946-207-6. Morris, Ian (October 2010). Social Development (PDF). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-09-15. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012. Turan, Neyran (2010). "Towards an Ecological Urbanism for Istanbul". Dalam Sorensen, André; Okata, Junichiro. Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability. Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration. London & New York: Springer. hlm. 223–42. ISBN 978-4-431-99266-0.
Çelik 1993, hlm. xv. Çelik, Zeynep (1993). The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Gregory 2010, hlm. 62–3 Gregory, Timothy E. (2010). A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Room 2006, hlm. 177–8 Room, Adrian (2006). Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites (edisi ke-2nd). Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-2248-7.
Herodotos Sejarah 4.144, diterjemahkan dalam De Sélincourt 2003, hlm. 288 De Sélincourt, Aubery (2003). Marincola, John M, ed. The Histories. Penguin Classics. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044908-2.
Çelik 1993, hlm. 11 Çelik, Zeynep (1993). The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Limberis 1994, hlm. 11–2 Limberis, Vasiliki (1994). Divine Heiress: The Virgin Mary and the Creation of Christian Constantinople. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-09677-5.
Barnes 1981, hlm. 77 Barnes, Timothy David (1981). Constantine and Eusebius. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-16531-1.
Barnes 1981, hlm. 212 Barnes, Timothy David (1981). Constantine and Eusebius. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-16531-1.
Barnes 1981, hlm. 222 Barnes, Timothy David (1981). Constantine and Eusebius. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-16531-1.
Gregory 2010, hlm. 63 Gregory, Timothy E. (2010). A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Klimczuk & Warner 2009, hlm. 171 Klimczuk, Stephen; Warner, Gerald (2009). Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries: Uncovering Mysterious Sights, Symbols, and Societies. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4027-6207-9.
Dahmus 1995, hlm. 117 Dahmus, Joseph (1995). A History of the Middle Ages. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7607-0036-5.
Cantor 1994, hlm. 226 Cantor, Norman F. (1994). Civilization of the Middle Ages. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-092553-6.
Gregory 2010, hlm. 324–9 Gregory, Timothy E. (2010). A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Gregory 2010, hlm. 330–3 Gregory, Timothy E. (2010). A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Gregory 2010, hlm. 340 Gregory, Timothy E. (2010). A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Gregory 2010, hlm. 341–2 Gregory, Timothy E. (2010). A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Baynes 1949, hlm. 47 Baynes, Norman H. (1949). Baynes, Norman H.; Moss, Henry S. L. B, ed. Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization. Oxford, Eng.: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-674-16531-1.
Gregory 2010, hlm. 394–9 Gregory, Timothy E. (2010). A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Tarasov & Milner-Gulland 2004, hlm. 121; El-Cheikh 2004, hlm. 22. Tarasov, Oleg; Milner-Gulland, R. R. (2004). Icon and Devotion: Sacred Spaces in Imperial Russia. London: Reaktion. ISBN 1-86189-118-0. El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria (2004). Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-932885-30-6.
Chandler, Tertius; Fox, Gerald (1974). "3000 Years of Urban Growth". London: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-785109-9.
Çelik 1993, hlm. 87–9 Çelik, Zeynep (1993). The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Çelik 1993, hlm. 31 Çelik, Zeynep (1993). The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Dumper & Stanley 2007, hlm. 39 Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E., ed. (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5.
Efe & Cürebal 2011, hlm. 718–9 Efe, Recep; Cürebal, Isa (2011). "Impacts of the "Marmaray" Project (Bosphorus Tube Crossing, Tunnels, and Stations) on Transportation and Urban Environment in Istanbul". Dalam Brunn, Stanley D. Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects. London & New York: Springer. hlm. 715–34. ISBN 978-90-481-9919-8.
Efe & Cürebal 2011, hlm. 716–7 Efe, Recep; Cürebal, Isa (2011). "Impacts of the "Marmaray" Project (Bosphorus Tube Crossing, Tunnels, and Stations) on Transportation and Urban Environment in Istanbul". Dalam Brunn, Stanley D. Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects. London & New York: Springer. hlm. 715–34. ISBN 978-90-481-9919-8.
Çelik 1993, hlm. 70, 169 Çelik, Zeynep (1993). The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Çelik 1993, hlm. 127 Çelik, Zeynep (1993). The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Karpat 1976, hlm. 78–96 Karpat, Kemal H. (1976). The Gecekondu: Rural Migration and Urbanization (edisi ke-illustrated). Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20954-0.
Taylor 2007, hlm. 241 Taylor, Jane (2007). Imperial Istanbul: A Traveller's Guide: Includes Iznik, Bursa and Edirne. New York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks. ISBN 978-1-84511-334-6.
Time Out Guides 2010, hlm. 212 Time Out Guides, ed. (2010). Time Out Istanbul. London: Time Out Guides. ISBN 978-1-84670-115-3.
Gregory 2010, hlm. 138 Gregory, Timothy E. (2010). A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Freely 2000, hlm. 283 Freely, John (2000). The Companion Guide to Istanbul and Around the Marmara. Woodbridge, Eng.: Companion Guides. ISBN 978-1-900639-31-6.
Necipoğlu 1991, hlm. 180, 136–137 Necipoğlu, Gülru (1991). Architecture, Ceremonial, and Power: The Topkapi Palace in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-14050-8.
Çelik 1993, hlm. 159 Çelik, Zeynep (1993). The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Çelik 1993, hlm. 133–34, 141 Çelik, Zeynep (1993). The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Çelik 1993, hlm. 42–8 Çelik, Zeynep (1993). The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Chandler 1987, hlm. 463–505 Chandler, Tertius (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. Lewiston, N.Y.: St. David's University Press. ISBN 978-0-88946-207-6.
Çelik 1993, hlm. 38 Çelik, Zeynep (1993). The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
ʻAner 2005, hlm. 367 ʻAner, Nadav (2005). Pergola, Sergio Della; Gilboa, Amos; Ṭal, Rami, ed. The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute Planning Assessment, 2004–2005: The Jewish People Between Thriving and Decline. Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House Ltd. ISBN 978-965-229-346-6.
Reisman 2006, hlm. 88 Reisman, Arnold (2006). Turkey's Modernization: Refugees from Nazism and Atatürk's Vision. Washington, D.C.: New Academia Publishing, LLC. ISBN 978-0-9777908-8-3.
Time Out Guides 2010, hlm. 224 Time Out Guides, ed. (2010). Time Out Istanbul. London: Time Out Guides. ISBN 978-1-84670-115-3.
Efe & Cürebal 2011, hlm. 720 Efe, Recep; Cürebal, Isa (2011). "Impacts of the "Marmaray" Project (Bosphorus Tube Crossing, Tunnels, and Stations) on Transportation and Urban Environment in Istanbul". Dalam Brunn, Stanley D. Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects. London & New York: Springer. hlm. 715–34. ISBN 978-90-481-9919-8.
Efe & Cürebal 2011, hlm. 723 Efe, Recep; Cürebal, Isa (2011). "Impacts of the "Marmaray" Project (Bosphorus Tube Crossing, Tunnels, and Stations) on Transportation and Urban Environment in Istanbul". Dalam Brunn, Stanley D. Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects. London & New York: Springer. hlm. 715–34. ISBN 978-90-481-9919-8.

archive.today

Nikitin, Nikolaj (6 March 2012). "Golden Age for Turkish Cinema". Credit-Suisse. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-12-17. Diakses tanggal 6 July 2012.

armenianow.com

Khojoyan, Sara (16 October 2009). "Armenian in Istanbul: Diaspora in Turkey welcomes the setting of relations and waits more steps from both countries". Armenia Now. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-08-06. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2012.

asp-stuttgart.de

"Türk Telekom Arena Istanbul". 'asp' Architekten. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-04-26. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012.

aydinlikdaily.com

http://www.aydinlikdaily.com/Detail/Electoral-Fraud-Discovered-In-Sarıyer-Istanbul/2543#.VE-UaofA76Y^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Rainsford, Sarah (10 January 2009). "Istanbul's ancient past unearthed". BBC. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2010.
BBC: "Istanbul's ancient past unearthed" Published on 10 January 2007. Retrieved on 3 March 2010.
"Chris Morris". BBC. Diakses tanggal 8 May 2012.
Head, Jonathan (16 February 2010). "Iraq – Turkey railway link re-opens". BBC. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.

bbc.co.uk

"Weather – Istanbul". World Weather. BBC Weather Centre. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2012.

best.eu.org

"University Profile: Istanbul Technical University, Turkey". Board of European Students of Technology. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-11-16. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2012.

bloomberg.com

Bilgic, Taylan (5 April 2013). "Istanbul Opens New Bourse as Erdogan Seeks to Build Finance Hub". Bloomberg News. Diakses tanggal 14 April 2013.
Mark Bentley & Benjamin Harvey (17 September 2012). "Istanbul Aims to Outshine Dubai With $2.6 Billion Bank Center". Bloomberg Markets Magazine. Diakses tanggal 5 May 2013.

books.google.com

Judith Herrin (28 September 2009). Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire. Princeton University Press. hlm. 5. ISBN 978-0-691-14369-9. OCLC 1091569907.
Bloom & Blair 2009, hlm. 1 Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila (2009). The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture: Delhi to Mosque. Oxford University Press. hlm. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-530991-1. Diakses tanggal 11 April 2013. Whatever the prehistoric antecedents of Istanbul, the continuous historical development of the site began with the foundation of a Greek colony from Megara in the mid-7th century BCE...
Freedman, Jeri (2009). The Armenian genocide (edisi ke-1st). New York: Rosen Pub. Group. hlm. 21–2. ISBN 1404218254.
Rowland Atkinson; Gary Bridge (2005). Gentrification In A Global Context: The New Urban Colonialism. Routledge. hlm. 123–. ISBN 978-0-415-32951-4. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2013.
Amikam Nachmani (2003). Turkey: Facing a New Millenniium : Coping With Intertwined Conflicts. Manchester University Press. hlm. 90–. ISBN 978-0-7190-6370-1. Diakses tanggal 5 May 2013.
Christiane Bird (18 December 2007). A Thousand Sighs, A Thousand Revolts: Journeys in Kurdistan. Random House Publishing Group. hlm. 308–. ISBN 978-0-307-43050-2. Diakses tanggal 4 May 2013.

britannica.com

"Istanbul". Encyclopædia Britannica.

brookings.edu

"Global MetroMonitor". Brookings Institution. 30 November 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-04. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2013.

businessweek.com

"Bloomberg Business". Bloomberg.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-06-06.

cerrahogullari.com.tr

"Ports of Turkey". Cerrahogullari T.A.S. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-06. Diakses tanggal 28 August 2012.

cnngo.com

"Shopping in Singapore is Better than Paris". CNN. 6 January 2012. Diakses tanggal 28 April 2012.

credit-suisse.com

publications.credit-suisse.com

Nikitin, Nikolaj (6 March 2012). "Golden Age for Turkish Cinema". Credit-Suisse. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-12-17. Diakses tanggal 6 July 2012.

csmonitor.com

Wilson, Stephen (2 September 2011). "2020 Olympics: Six cities lodge bids for the games". The Christian Science Monitor. Diakses tanggal 29 June 2012.

darussafaka.k12.tr

"Principles of Education". Darüşşafaka High School. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-09. Diakses tanggal 6 July 2012.

dhmi.gov.tr

"Yolcu Trafiği (Gelen-Giden)" (dalam bahasa Turkish). General Directorate of State Airports Authority. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-11-04. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2013.
"It will be the biggest airport of the world". 24 January 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-29. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2013.

dmi.gov.tr

"Total Participation Data: August" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-16. Diakses tanggal 6 July 2012.
"Resmi İstatistikler (İl ve İlçelerimize Ait İstatistiki Veriler)" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-03. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2013.
"İstanbul Bölge Müdürlüğü'ne Bağlı İstasyonlarda Ölçülen Ekstrem Değerler" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-05-24. Diakses tanggal 27 July 2010.
"Resmi İstatistikler (İl ve İlçelerimize Ait İstatistiki Veriler)" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 November 2013. Diakses tanggal 3 December 2014.

doi.org

Georgacas 1947, hlm. 352ff. Georgacas, Demetrius John (1947). "The Names of Constantinople". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 78: 347–67. doi:10.2307/283503. JSTOR 283503.
Algan, O.; Yalçın, M. N. K.; Özdoğan, M.; Yılmaz, Y. C.; Sarı, E.; Kırcı-Elmas, E.; Yılmaz, İ.; Bulkan, Ö.; Ongan, D.; Gazioğlu, C.; Nazik, A.; Polat, M. A.; Meriç, E. (2011). "Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikapı–İstanbul and its impact on cultural history". Quaternary Research. 76: 30. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2011.04.002.
Parsons, Tom; Toda, Shinji; Stein, Ross S.; Barka, Aykut; Dieterich, James H. (2000). "Heightened Odds of Large Earthquakes Near Istanbul: An Interaction-Based Probability Calculation". Science. Washington, D.C.: The American Association for the Advancement of Science. 288 (5466): 661–5. Bibcode:2000Sci...288..661P. doi:10.1126/science.288.5466.661. PMID 10784447.
Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rube, Franz (June 2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classiﬁcation updated" (PDF). Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2013.
Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classiﬁcation" (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 4 (2): 439–473. doi:10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2013.
Kindap, Tayfin (19 January 2010). "A Severe Sea-Effect Snow Episode Over the City of Istanbul". Natural Hazards. 54 (3): 703–23. doi:10.1007/s11069-009-9496-7. ISSN 1573-0840. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2012. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
Tayanç, Mete; Karaca, Mehmet; Dalfes, H. Nüzhet (1998). "March 1987 Cyclone (Blizzard) over the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkan Region Associated with Blocking". Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 126 (11): 3036. Bibcode:1998MWRv..126.3036T. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3036:MCBOTE>2.0.CO;2. Diakses tanggal 27 July 2010.
Odabaşı, Attila; Aksu, Celal; Akgiray, Vedat (December 2004). "The Statistical Evolution of Prices on the Istanbul Stock Exchange". The European Journal of Finance. London: Routledge. 10 (6): 510–25. doi:10.1080/1351847032000166931.

ebrd.com

Grytsenko, Sergiy (26 September 2011). "EBRD Supports Privatisation of Ferry Operations in Istanbul". The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-17. Diakses tanggal 4 April 2012.

eib.org

ERM Group (Germany and UK) and ELC-Group (Istanbul) (January 2011). "Volume I: Non Technical Summary (NTS)" (PDF). Eurasia Tunnel Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. The European Investment Bank. Diakses tanggal 4 July 2012.

emporis.com

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"Haydarpasa Train Station". Emporis. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.

erikmeyersson.com

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etymonline.com

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euroleague.net

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europeanlemansseries.com

"The Circuits". European Le Mans Series. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-07-07. Diakses tanggal 3 July 2012.

evladifathan.blogspot.com.tr

belgrat. "HÜSNÜ YAZICI YAZDIĞI KONULAR". blogspot.com.tr.

f1h2o.com

"Races". F1 Powerboat World Championship. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-19. Diakses tanggal 3 Juli 2012.

fiawtcc.com

"Events" (PDF). FIA World Touring Car Championship. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-16. Diakses tanggal 29 June 2012.

fiba.com

turkey2010.fiba.com

"2010 FIBA World Championship Istanbul: Arenas". FIBA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-03. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2012.
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fifa.com

"Besiktas: The Black Eagles of the Bosporus". FIFA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-07-12. Diakses tanggal 8 April 2012.
"Galatasaray: The Lions of the Bosporus". FIFA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-07-02. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2012.

forbes.com

Geromel, Ricardo (14 March 2013). "Forbes Top 10 Billionaire Cities - Moscow Beats New York Again". Forbes. Diakses tanggal 27 July 2013.

foreignpolicy.com

"The Most Dynamic Cities of 2025". Foreign Policy. September–October 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-11-04. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2013.

ft.com

Strauss, Delphine (25 November 2009). "Sabiha Gökçen: New Terminal Lands On Time and Budget". The Financial Times. Diakses tanggal 4 July 2012.

gsl.k12.tr

"Galatasaray Lisesi". Galatasaray High School. Diakses tanggal 4 July 2012.

gsu.edu.tr

"Historique" (dalam bahasa French). Galatasaray University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-03-21. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2012.

guardian.co.uk

Traynor, Ian (9 December 2006). "A Disaster Waiting to Happen – Why a Huge Earthquake Near Istanbul Seems Inevitable". The Guardian. UK. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2010.
Robert Tait (22 July 2008). "Forced gentrification plan spells end for old Roma district in Istanbul". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2013.
Jones, Sam, and agencies (27 April 2011). "Istanbul's new Bosphorus canal 'to surpass Suez or Panama'". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2012.
Gibbons, Fiachra (21 September 2011). "10 of the Best Exhibitions at the Istanbul Biennial". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2012.
Tomasetti, Kathryn; Rutherford, Tristan (23 March 2012). "A Big Night Out in Istanbul – And a Big Breakfast the Morning After". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2012.
Richards, Giles (22 April 2011). "Turkey Grand Prix Heads for the Scrapyard Over $26m Price Tag". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 3 July 2012.
Letsch, Constanze (8 June 2012). "Plan for New Bosphorus Bridge Sparks Row Over Future of Istanbul". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 4 July 2012.
Keenan, Steve (22 June 2012). "How Your Greek Summer Holiday Can Help Save Greece". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 28 September 2012.

haberler.com

secim.haberler.com

"İSTANBUL SEÇİM SONUÇLARI". haberler.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-05. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-22.

harvard.edu

adsabs.harvard.edu

Parsons, Tom; Toda, Shinji; Stein, Ross S.; Barka, Aykut; Dieterich, James H. (2000). "Heightened Odds of Large Earthquakes Near Istanbul: An Interaction-Based Probability Calculation". Science. Washington, D.C.: The American Association for the Advancement of Science. 288 (5466): 661–5. Bibcode:2000Sci...288..661P. doi:10.1126/science.288.5466.661. PMID 10784447.
Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rube, Franz (June 2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classiﬁcation updated" (PDF). Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2013.
Tayanç, Mete; Karaca, Mehmet; Dalfes, H. Nüzhet (1998). "March 1987 Cyclone (Blizzard) over the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkan Region Associated with Blocking". Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 126 (11): 3036. Bibcode:1998MWRv..126.3036T. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3036:MCBOTE>2.0.CO;2. Diakses tanggal 27 July 2010.

hurriyet.com.tr

"Bu keşif tarihi değiştirir". hurriyet.com.tr.
"Baraja nazır en akıllı kent". Hürriyet. 4 May 2013. Diakses tanggal 5 May 2013.

fotogaleri.hurriyet.com.tr

"Marmaray kazılarında tarih gün ışığına çıktı". fotogaleri.hurriyet.com.tr.

hurriyetdailynews.com

"Istanbul Enshrouded in Dense Fog". Turkish Daily News. 14 January 2005. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-18. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2012.
"Istanbul Winds Battle Over the City". Turkish Daily News. 17 October 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-18. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2012.
"New city construction to begin in six months". Hurriyet Daily News. 22 February 2013. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2013.
"Ruling AKP's demand for list of ballot box clerks raises election fraud concerns - POLITICS". hurriyetdailynews.com.
Emeksiz, İpek (3 September 2010). "Abdi İpekçi Avenue to be new Champs Elysee". Hürriyet Daily News. Diakses tanggal 28 April 2012.
Schäfers, Marlene (26 July 2008). "Managing the Difficult Balance Between Tourism and Authenticity". Hürriyet Daily News. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2012.
Aktaş, İsmail (14 March 2012). "Aşçıoğlu Sues Partners in Joint Project Over Ali Sami Yen Land". Hürriyet Daily News. Diakses tanggal 3 July 2012.
Turkish Daily News (23 Agustus 2008). "Sailing Week Starts in Istanbul". Hürriyet Daily News. Diakses tanggal 3 Juli 2012.
Songün, Sevim (16 July 2010). "Istanbul Commuters Skeptical of Transit Change". Hürriyet Daily News. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012.
"Consortium wins Istanbul airport tender for 22.1 billion euros". Hurriyet Daily News. 3 May 2013. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2013.

hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net

Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classiﬁcation" (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 4 (2): 439–473. doi:10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2013.

iaaf.org

"List of Certified Athletics Facilities". The International Association of Athletics Federations. 1 January 2013. Diakses tanggal 2 January 2013.

ianmorris.org

Tidak ada kesepakatan—terkadang secara substansial—di kalangan sejarawan mengenai angka populasi Istanbul (Konstantinopel), dan kota lainnya di dunia, sebelum abad ke-20. Suatu tindak lanjut dari Chandler & Fox 1974, Chandler 1987, hlm. 463–505^[67] menelaah berbagai perkiraan dari sumber-sumber berbeda dan memilih yang paling mungkin berdasarkan kondisi historis; inilah sumber dari kebanyakan angka populasi antara tahun 100 dan 1914. Rentang angka antara tahun 500 dan 1000 adalah menurut Morris 2010, yang juga melakukan suatu analisis komprehensif dari berbagai sumber, termasuk Chandler (1987); Morris mencatat bahwa banyak dari perkiraan Chandler sepanjang waktu tersebut tampak terlalu besar untuk ukuran kota ini, dan ia menyajikan perkiraan-perkiraan yang lebih kecil. Chandler tidak setuju dengan Turan 2010 mengenai populasi kota pada pertengahan tahun 1920-an (dengan sebelumnya mengemukakan angka 817.000 pada tahun 1925), tetapi catatan dari Turan, hlm. 224, digunakan sebagai sumber angka populasi antara tahun 1924 dan 2005. Angka-angka dari Turan, serta angka tahun 2010,^[148] diambil dari Badan Statistik Turki. Peningkatan populasi yang drastis antara tahun 1980 dan 1985 terutama disebabkan oleh perluasan batas kota (lihat bagian Pemerintahan). Penjelasan mengenai perubahan-perubahan populasi dalam masa pra-Republik dapat dilihat pada bagian Sejarah. Chandler, Tertius (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. Lewiston, N.Y.: St. David's University Press. ISBN 978-0-88946-207-6. Morris, Ian (October 2010). Social Development (PDF). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-09-15. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012. Turan, Neyran (2010). "Towards an Ecological Urbanism for Istanbul". Dalam Sorensen, André; Okata, Junichiro. Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability. Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration. London & New York: Springer. hlm. 223–42. ISBN 978-4-431-99266-0.
Morris 2010, hlm. 109–18 Morris, Ian (October 2010). Social Development (PDF). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-09-15. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012.
Morris 2010, hlm. 113 Morris, Ian (October 2010). Social Development (PDF). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-09-15. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012.

ibb.gov.tr

"Districts". Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Diakses tanggal 21-12-2011.
"History of Local Governance in Istanbul". Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Diakses tanggal 21-12-2011.
"İstanbul İl ve İlçe Alan Bilgileri" (dalam bahasa Turki). Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Diakses tanggal 20-06-2010.
"Jurisdiction". Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Diakses tanggal 21-12-2011.
The Yearly Measurements by Kirecburnu Station Between 1990-1999
The Yearly Measurements by Bahcekoy Station Between 1990-1999
"Metropolitan Executive Committee". Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2011.
"The Mayor's Biography". Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2011.
"Istanbul Asian and European population details" (dalam bahasa Turki). 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-06-21. Diakses tanggal 16 June 2015.

ibtimes.co.uk

"Erdogan Airport: Istanbul's Super Hub 'to be Named After Turkey's President-Elect'". International Business Times UK.

ido.com.tr

"Interaktif Haritalar | İç Hatlar" (dalam bahasa Turkish). İDO. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-31. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
"Dış Hatlar" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Turkish). İDO. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-16. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.

iett.gov.tr

"Chronological History of IETT" (PDF). Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnel General Management. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-16. Diakses tanggal 1 April 2012.
"Tunnel". Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnel. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-06. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012. (Note: It is apparent this is merely a machine translation of the original Turkish page.)
"Public Transportation in Istanbul". Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnel General Management. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-04. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
"Metrobus". Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnel General Management. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-06. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.

igd.com.tr

"Istanbul '10" (PDF). Turkey Tourism Market Research Reports. Istanbul Valuation and Consulting. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-06-16. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2012. (n.b. Source indicates that the Topkapı Palace Museum and the Hagia Sophia together bring in 55 million TL, approximately $30 million in 2010, on an annual basis.)

iksv.org

muzik.iksv.org

"History". The Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-03. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2012.

intconfhighered.org

Doğramacı, İhsan (August 2005). "Private Versus Public Universities: The Turkish Experience" (DOC). 18th International Conference on Higher Education. Ankara. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2012.

ioi.gov.tr

"Organizasyon" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Istanbul Special Provincial Administration. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-11-26. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2011.
"Encümen Başkanı" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Istanbul Special Provincial Administration. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-02. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2011.

ise.org

"Milestones in ISE History". Istanbul Stock Exchange. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-01. Diakses tanggal 28 March 2012.

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"Istanbul and the History of Water in Istanbul". Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-09-29. Diakses tanggal 11 March 2006.
"İSKİ Administration". Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-09-29. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2012.

istanbul-ulasim.com.tr

"T1 Bağcılar–Kabataş Tramvay Hattı" (dalam bahasa Turkish). İstanbul Ulaşım A.Ş. (Istanbul Transport Corporation). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-18. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
"F1 Taksim–Kabataş Füniküler Hattı" (dalam bahasa Turkish). İstanbul Ulaşım A.Ş. (Istanbul Transport Corporation). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-26. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
"Raylı Sistemler" (dalam bahasa Turkish). İstanbul Ulaşım A.Ş. (Istanbul Transport Corporation). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-09. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
"Ağ Haritaları" (dalam bahasa Turkish). İstanbul Ulaşım A.Ş. (Istanbul Transport Corporation). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-15. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.

istanbul.edu.tr

www2.istanbul.edu.tr

"History". Istanbul University. 11 August 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-11-13. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.

istanbul.gov.tr

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"Istanbul from a Bird's Eye View". Governorship of Istanbul. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-05-17. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2010.

istanbul.gov.tr

"2007 Yılına Ait Veriler" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Governorship of Istanbul. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-02. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2012.

istanbulyelken.org.tr

"2012 Yarış Programı ve Genel Yarış Talimatı" (dalam bahasa Turkish). The Istanbul Sailing Club. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-04. Diakses tanggal 3 July 2012.

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"History". Istanbul Technical University. Diakses tanggal 4 July 2012.

jstor.org

Georgacas 1947, hlm. 352ff. Georgacas, Demetrius John (1947). "The Names of Constantinople". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 78: 347–67. doi:10.2307/283503. JSTOR 283503.

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"Kabataş Erkek Lisesi" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Kabataş Erkek Lisesi. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-02. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2012.

kalev.org.tr

"KAL Uygulamalı Yabancı Dil Laboratuvarı" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Kadıköy Anadolu Lisesi. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-20. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2012.

kartal24.com

"İstanbul'un En Yüksek Tepeleri". Hava Forumu. Hava Durumu Forumu. 15 April 2020.

konda.com.tr

"Social Structure Survey 2006". KONDA Research. 2006. Diakses tanggal 27 March 2012. (Note: Accessing KONDA reports directly from KONDA's own website requires registration.)
Milliyet Konda Araştırma (2006). "Biz Kimiz: Toplumsal Yapı Araştırması" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-02-15. Diakses tanggal 4 May 2013.
Agirdir, Bekir (2008). "Kürtler ve Kürt Sorunu" (PDF). KONDA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-11-03. Diakses tanggal 4 May 2013.

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"Cultural Details of Istanbul". Republic of Turkey, Minister of Culture and Tourism. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-09-12. Diakses tanggal 2 October 2007.
"The Topography of İstanbul". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 19 June 2012.
"Water Supply Systems, Reservoirs, Charity and Free Fountains, Turkish Baths". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-11-19. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2012.
"İstanbul – Archaeology Museum". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-02-03. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2012.

liceoitaliano.net

"The History of the Italian School". Liceo Italiano. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-20. Diakses tanggal 3 July 2012.

liveleak.com

"LiveLeak.com - TURKEY - Election FRAUD (VIDEO), burned non-AKP votes". liveleak.com.

loc.gov

lcweb2.loc.gov

"Country Profile: Turkey" (PDF). The Library of Congress Federal Research Division. August 2008. Diakses tanggal 8 May 2012.

lse.ac.uk

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Cavusoglu, Omer (March 2010). "Summary on the Haydarpasa Case Study Site" (PDF). Cities Programme. London School of Economics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-07-09. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.

maps.google.com

Peta Google – Istanbul Overview (Peta). Kartografi oleh Google, Inc. Google, Inc. Diakses tanggal 1 April 2012.

marmara.edu.tr

e-dergi.marmara.edu.tr

"COMPARISONS OF ANNUAL MEANPRECIPITATION GRIDDED AND STATION DATA: AN EXAMPLE FROM ISTANBUL, TURKEY Yıllık Ortalama Gridlenmiş Yağış Verisi ve İstasyon Yağış Verisinin Karşılaştırılması, İstanbul Örneği - USTAOĞLU - Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi". marmara.edu.tr. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-17.

marmara.edu.tr

"About Marmara". Marmara University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-30. Diakses tanggal 4 July 2012.

masseiana.org

"Pliny the Elder, book IV, chapter XI:
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meb.gov.tr

mevzuat.meb.gov.tr

"Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Anadolu Liseleri Yönetmeliği" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Ministry of Education. 5 November 1999. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-15. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2012.

medyatava.com

"Gazete Net Satışları". Medyatava (dalam bahasa Turkish). 11 March 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-19. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2013.

mfa.gr

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"The Greek Minority and its foundations in Istanbul, Gokceada (Imvros) and Bozcaada (Tenedos)". Hellenic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 21 March 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-07-26. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2012.

mgm.gov.tr

"Yıllık Toplam Yağış Verileri" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Diakses tanggal 6 July 2012.

muhtesemkaynak.com

Zeybek, Hülya; Kaynak, Muhtesem (27–30 May 2008). "What Role for Turkish Ports in the Regional Logistics Supply Chains?" (PDF). International Conference on Information Systems and Supply Chain. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2009-02-06. Diakses tanggal 28 August 2012.

newsweek.com

Newsweek: "Istanbul's New Erdoğan-Backed Airport to Be Named After... Erdoğan"

nih.gov

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Parsons, Tom; Toda, Shinji; Stein, Ross S.; Barka, Aykut; Dieterich, James H. (2000). "Heightened Odds of Large Earthquakes Near Istanbul: An Interaction-Based Probability Calculation". Science. Washington, D.C.: The American Association for the Advancement of Science. 288 (5466): 661–5. Bibcode:2000Sci...288..661P. doi:10.1126/science.288.5466.661. PMID 10784447.

nsnbc.me

"Turkey's AKP Accused of Systemic Election Fraud Plots for Early Presidential and National Elections". nsnbc international. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-22.

ntvmsnbc.com

arsiv.ntvmsnbc.com

"Dış Ticaretin Lokomotifi İstanbul" (dalam bahasa Turkish). NTV-MSNBC. 13 February 2006. Diakses tanggal 28 March 2012.

nytimes.com

Revkin, Andrew C. (24 February 2010). "Disaster Awaits Cities in Earthquake Zones". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2010.
Moonan, Wendy (29 October 1999). "For Turks, Art to Mark 700th Year". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 4 July 2012.
Jessica Bourque (4 July 2012). "Poor but Proud Istanbul Neighborhood Faces Gentrification". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2013.
Hansen, Suzy (10 February 2012). "The Istanbul Art-Boom Bubble". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2012.

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Schillinger, Liesl (8 July 2011). "A Turkish Idyll Lost in Time". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2012.

query.nytimes.com

Kugel, Seth (17 July 2011). "The $100 Istanbul Weekend". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2012.

obarsiv.com

"History of the Bank". The Ottoman Bank Archives and Research Centre. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-13. Diakses tanggal 28 March 2012.

oecdbookshop.org

OECD Territorial Reviews: Istanbul, Turkey. Policy Briefs. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. March 2008. ISBN 978-92-64-04383-1.

otogaristanbul.com

"İstanbul Otogarı" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Avrasya Terminal İşletmeleri A.Ş. (Eurasian Terminal Management, Inc.). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-20. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.

oxfordbusinessgroup.com

"Turkey: Connecting Continents". Economic Updates. Oxford Business Group. 7 March 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-04-26. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.

patriarchate.org

"History of the Ecumenical Patriarch". The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-08. Diakses tanggal 20 June 2012.
"The Patriarchal Church of Saint George". The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-31. Diakses tanggal 20 June 2012.

ptt.gov.tr

"About Us | Brief History". The Post and Telegraph Organization. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-04-01. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2012.

radikal.com.tr

Bekir Agirdir. "Kürtlerin nüfusu 11 milyonda İstanbul"da 2 milyon Kürt yaşıyor". Diakses tanggal 4 May 2013.

reuters.com

"Election protests in Turkey as opposition cries foul". Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-09-24. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-22.
Ozge Ozbilgin (3 May 2013). "Turkish firms win 22 billion euro Istanbul airport tender". Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-01-08. Diakses tanggal 5 May 2013.

robcol.k12.tr

webportal.robcol.k12.tr

"History of RC". Robert College. 2012. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2012.

santralistanbul.org

"Silahtarağa Power Plant". SantralIstanbul. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-07-30. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2012.

schweizerbart.de

Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rube, Franz (June 2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classiﬁcation updated" (PDF). Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2013.

scribd.com

"Social Structure Survey 2006". KONDA Research. 2006. Diakses tanggal 27 March 2012. (Note: Accessing KONDA reports directly from KONDA's own website requires registration.)

smithsonianmag.com

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Dash, Mike (2 March 2012). "Blue Versus Green: Rocking the Byzantine Empire". Smithsonian Magazine. The Smithsonian Institution. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-05. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2012.

springerlink.com

Kindap, Tayfin (19 January 2010). "A Severe Sea-Effect Snow Episode Over the City of Istanbul". Natural Hazards. 54 (3): 703–23. doi:10.1007/s11069-009-9496-7. ISSN 1573-0840. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2012. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

state.gov

U.S. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. "Turkey: International Religious Freedom Report 2007". U.S. Department of State. Diakses tanggal 27 March 2012.

statista.com

"Top city destinations by overnight visitors". Statista. Diakses tanggal 1 December 2020.

tayk.org.tr

"About Us". The Turkish Offshore Racing Club. 31 March 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-05. Diakses tanggal 3 Juli 2012.

tbl.org.tr

"Türkiye Basketbol Ligleri" (dalam bahasa Turkish). The Turkish Basketball League. 27 June 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-26. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-26.

tbmm.gov.tr

"Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kanunu". Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (dalam bahasa Turkish). 10 July 2004. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-13. Diakses tanggal 30 November 2010. Bu Kanunun yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte; büyükşehir belediye sınırları, İstanbul ve Kocaeli ilinde, il mülkî sınırıdır. (On the date this law goes in effect, the metropolitan city boundaries, in the provinces of İstanbul and Kocaeli, are those of the province.)

tcdd.gov.tr

"Bölgesel Yolcu Trenleri" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Turkish State Railways. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-04. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
"Transports to Middle-Eastern Countries". Turkish National Railways. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-15. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.

tdi.com.tr

"Liman Hizmetleri" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Turkey Maritime Organization. 10 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-10-16. Diakses tanggal 28 August 2012.

teias.gov.tr

"Short History of Electrical Energy in Turkey". Turkish Electricity Transmission Company. 2001. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-11-28. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012.

timeout.com

Pelit, Attila. "When to Go to Istanbul". TimeOut Istanbul. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-12-14. Diakses tanggal 19 December 2011.

todayszaman.com

"Thick Fog Causes Disruption, Flight Delays in İstanbul". Today's Zaman. 23 November 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-04. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2012.
"Dense Fog Disrupts Life in Istanbul". Today's Zaman. 6 November 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-04. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2012.
Yavuz, Ercan (8 June 2009). "Gov't launches plan to fight illegal construction". Today's Zaman. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-20. Diakses tanggal 20 December 2011.
Kamp, Kristina (17 February 2010). "Starting Up in Turkey: Expats Getting Organized". Today's Zaman. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-09. Diakses tanggal 27 March 2012.
Elma Gabela (5 June 2011). "Turkey's Bosniak communities uphold their heritage, traditions". Today's Zaman. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-23. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-20.
Akay, Latifa (5 February 2012). "2012 Sees End of Line for Haydarpaşa Station". Today's Zaman. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-16. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
"Sabiha Gökçen Named World's Fastest Growing Airport". Today's Zaman. 18 August 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-16. Diakses tanggal 4 April 2012.
"'Third airport a must to ease air traffic in İstanbul'". Today's Zaman. 29 April 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-04. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2013.

touring.de

"Eurolines Germany–Deutsche Touring GmbH–Europabus". Touring. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.

trt.net.tr

"TRT – Radio". The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-06-09. Diakses tanggal 8 May 2012.
"TRT – Television". The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-14. Diakses tanggal 8 May 2012.

tuik.gov.tr

data.tuik.gov.tr

"The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2021". Turkish Statistical Institute. 31 December 2021. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2022.

rapor.tuik.gov.tr

"2007 statistics". tuik. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-11-29. Diakses tanggal 2022-04-24.

turkstat.gov.tr

Tidak ada kesepakatan—terkadang secara substansial—di kalangan sejarawan mengenai angka populasi Istanbul (Konstantinopel), dan kota lainnya di dunia, sebelum abad ke-20. Suatu tindak lanjut dari Chandler & Fox 1974, Chandler 1987, hlm. 463–505^[67] menelaah berbagai perkiraan dari sumber-sumber berbeda dan memilih yang paling mungkin berdasarkan kondisi historis; inilah sumber dari kebanyakan angka populasi antara tahun 100 dan 1914. Rentang angka antara tahun 500 dan 1000 adalah menurut Morris 2010, yang juga melakukan suatu analisis komprehensif dari berbagai sumber, termasuk Chandler (1987); Morris mencatat bahwa banyak dari perkiraan Chandler sepanjang waktu tersebut tampak terlalu besar untuk ukuran kota ini, dan ia menyajikan perkiraan-perkiraan yang lebih kecil. Chandler tidak setuju dengan Turan 2010 mengenai populasi kota pada pertengahan tahun 1920-an (dengan sebelumnya mengemukakan angka 817.000 pada tahun 1925), tetapi catatan dari Turan, hlm. 224, digunakan sebagai sumber angka populasi antara tahun 1924 dan 2005. Angka-angka dari Turan, serta angka tahun 2010,^[148] diambil dari Badan Statistik Turki. Peningkatan populasi yang drastis antara tahun 1980 dan 1985 terutama disebabkan oleh perluasan batas kota (lihat bagian Pemerintahan). Penjelasan mengenai perubahan-perubahan populasi dalam masa pra-Republik dapat dilihat pada bagian Sejarah. Chandler, Tertius (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. Lewiston, N.Y.: St. David's University Press. ISBN 978-0-88946-207-6. Morris, Ian (October 2010). Social Development (PDF). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-09-15. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012. Turan, Neyran (2010). "Towards an Ecological Urbanism for Istanbul". Dalam Sorensen, André; Okata, Junichiro. Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability. Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration. London & New York: Springer. hlm. 223–42. ISBN 978-4-431-99266-0.
"Address Based Population Registration System Results of 2010" (doc). Turkish Statistical Institute. 28 January 2011. Diakses tanggal 24 December 2011.

turktelekom.com.tr

"About Türk Telekom: History". Türk Telekom. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-06. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2012.

uefa.com

"UEFA Champions League 2007/08 – History – Fenerbahçe". The Union of European Football Associations. 8 October 2011. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2012.
"Regulations of the UEFA European Football Championship 2010–12" (PDF). The Union of European Football Associations. hlm. 14. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2012.
"Regulations of the UEFA Europa League 2010/11" (PDF). The Union of European Football Associations. hlm. 17. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2012.

en.archive.uefa.com

"2008/09: Pitmen strike gold in Istanbul". The Union of European Football Associations. 20 May 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-17. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2012.

ufz.de

urge-project.ufz.de

"Presentation of Reference City: Istanbul". Urban Green Environment. 2001. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-17. Diakses tanggal 30 December 2011.

un.org

esa.un.org

"Frequently Asked Questions". World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision. The United Nations. 5-04-2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-07. Diakses tanggal 20-09-2012.
"File 11a: The 30 Largest Urban Agglomerations Ranked by Population Size at Each Point in Time, 1950–2025" (xls). World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision. The United Nations. 5 April 2012. Diakses tanggal 20 September 2012.

urban-age.net

v0.urban-age.net

Erder, Sema (November 2009). "Local Governance in Istanbul" (PDF). Istanbul: City of Intersections. Urban Age. London: London School of Economics: 46. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-08-29. Diakses tanggal 16 July 2012.

viking.no

Miklagard (The Great City)

web.archive.org

Tidak ada kesepakatan—terkadang secara substansial—di kalangan sejarawan mengenai angka populasi Istanbul (Konstantinopel), dan kota lainnya di dunia, sebelum abad ke-20. Suatu tindak lanjut dari Chandler & Fox 1974, Chandler 1987, hlm. 463–505^[67] menelaah berbagai perkiraan dari sumber-sumber berbeda dan memilih yang paling mungkin berdasarkan kondisi historis; inilah sumber dari kebanyakan angka populasi antara tahun 100 dan 1914. Rentang angka antara tahun 500 dan 1000 adalah menurut Morris 2010, yang juga melakukan suatu analisis komprehensif dari berbagai sumber, termasuk Chandler (1987); Morris mencatat bahwa banyak dari perkiraan Chandler sepanjang waktu tersebut tampak terlalu besar untuk ukuran kota ini, dan ia menyajikan perkiraan-perkiraan yang lebih kecil. Chandler tidak setuju dengan Turan 2010 mengenai populasi kota pada pertengahan tahun 1920-an (dengan sebelumnya mengemukakan angka 817.000 pada tahun 1925), tetapi catatan dari Turan, hlm. 224, digunakan sebagai sumber angka populasi antara tahun 1924 dan 2005. Angka-angka dari Turan, serta angka tahun 2010,^[148] diambil dari Badan Statistik Turki. Peningkatan populasi yang drastis antara tahun 1980 dan 1985 terutama disebabkan oleh perluasan batas kota (lihat bagian Pemerintahan). Penjelasan mengenai perubahan-perubahan populasi dalam masa pra-Republik dapat dilihat pada bagian Sejarah. Chandler, Tertius (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. Lewiston, N.Y.: St. David's University Press. ISBN 978-0-88946-207-6. Morris, Ian (October 2010). Social Development (PDF). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-09-15. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012. Turan, Neyran (2010). "Towards an Ecological Urbanism for Istanbul". Dalam Sorensen, André; Okata, Junichiro. Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability. Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration. London & New York: Springer. hlm. 223–42. ISBN 978-4-431-99266-0.
"Cultural Details of Istanbul". Republic of Turkey, Minister of Culture and Tourism. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-09-12. Diakses tanggal 2 October 2007.
"Pliny the Elder, book IV, chapter XI:
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Dash, Mike (2 March 2012). "Blue Versus Green: Rocking the Byzantine Empire". Smithsonian Magazine. The Smithsonian Institution. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-05. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2012.
Morris 2010, hlm. 109–18 Morris, Ian (October 2010). Social Development (PDF). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-09-15. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012.
"Istanbul from a Bird's Eye View". Governorship of Istanbul. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-05-17. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2010.
"Total Participation Data: August" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-16. Diakses tanggal 6 July 2012.
"COMPARISONS OF ANNUAL MEANPRECIPITATION GRIDDED AND STATION DATA: AN EXAMPLE FROM ISTANBUL, TURKEY Yıllık Ortalama Gridlenmiş Yağış Verisi ve İstasyon Yağış Verisinin Karşılaştırılması, İstanbul Örneği - USTAOĞLU - Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi". marmara.edu.tr. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-17.
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"Thick Fog Causes Disruption, Flight Delays in İstanbul". Today's Zaman. 23 November 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-04. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2012.
"Dense Fog Disrupts Life in Istanbul". Today's Zaman. 6 November 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-04. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2012.
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"Istanbul Winds Battle Over the City". Turkish Daily News. 17 October 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-18. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2012.
"İstanbul Bölge Müdürlüğü'ne Bağlı İstasyonlarda Ölçülen Ekstrem Değerler" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-05-24. Diakses tanggal 27 July 2010.
"Resmi İstatistikler (İl ve İlçelerimize Ait İstatistiki Veriler)" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 November 2013. Diakses tanggal 3 December 2014.
"Besiktas: The Black Eagles of the Bosporus". FIFA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-07-12. Diakses tanggal 8 April 2012.
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"Water Supply Systems, Reservoirs, Charity and Free Fountains, Turkish Baths". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-11-19. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2012.
"Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kanunu". Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (dalam bahasa Turkish). 10 July 2004. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-13. Diakses tanggal 30 November 2010. Bu Kanunun yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte; büyükşehir belediye sınırları, İstanbul ve Kocaeli ilinde, il mülkî sınırıdır. (On the date this law goes in effect, the metropolitan city boundaries, in the provinces of İstanbul and Kocaeli, are those of the province.)
Erder, Sema (November 2009). "Local Governance in Istanbul" (PDF). Istanbul: City of Intersections. Urban Age. London: London School of Economics: 46. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-08-29. Diakses tanggal 16 July 2012.
"Organizasyon" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Istanbul Special Provincial Administration. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-11-26. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2011.
"Encümen Başkanı" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Istanbul Special Provincial Administration. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-02. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2011.
Morris 2010, hlm. 113 Morris, Ian (October 2010). Social Development (PDF). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-09-15. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012.
"2007 statistics". tuik. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-11-29. Diakses tanggal 2022-04-24.
"Istanbul Asian and European population details" (dalam bahasa Turki). 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-06-21. Diakses tanggal 16 June 2015.
"Frequently Asked Questions". World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision. The United Nations. 5-04-2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-07. Diakses tanggal 20-09-2012.
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"History of the Ecumenical Patriarch". The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-08. Diakses tanggal 20 June 2012.
"The Patriarchal Church of Saint George". The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-31. Diakses tanggal 20 June 2012.
"The Greek Minority and its foundations in Istanbul, Gokceada (Imvros) and Bozcaada (Tenedos)". Hellenic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 21 March 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-07-26. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2012.
Khojoyan, Sara (16 October 2009). "Armenian in Istanbul: Diaspora in Turkey welcomes the setting of relations and waits more steps from both countries". Armenia Now. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-08-06. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2012.
Milliyet Konda Araştırma (2006). "Biz Kimiz: Toplumsal Yapı Araştırması" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-02-15. Diakses tanggal 4 May 2013.
Agirdir, Bekir (2008). "Kürtler ve Kürt Sorunu" (PDF). KONDA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-11-03. Diakses tanggal 4 May 2013.
Elma Gabela (5 June 2011). "Turkey's Bosniak communities uphold their heritage, traditions". Today's Zaman. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-23. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-20.
"Election protests in Turkey as opposition cries foul". Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-09-24. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-22.
"Turkey's AKP Accused of Systemic Election Fraud Plots for Early Presidential and National Elections". nsnbc international. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-22.
"Bloomberg Business". Bloomberg.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-06-06.
"İSTANBUL SEÇİM SONUÇLARI". haberler.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-05. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-22.
"The Most Dynamic Cities of 2025". Foreign Policy. September–October 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-11-04. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2013.
"Presentation of Reference City: Istanbul". Urban Green Environment. 2001. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-17. Diakses tanggal 30 December 2011.
"History of the Bank". The Ottoman Bank Archives and Research Centre. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-13. Diakses tanggal 28 March 2012.
"Ports of Turkey". Cerrahogullari T.A.S. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-06. Diakses tanggal 28 August 2012.
Cavusoglu, Omer (March 2010). "Summary on the Haydarpasa Case Study Site" (PDF). Cities Programme. London School of Economics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-07-09. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
Zeybek, Hülya; Kaynak, Muhtesem (27–30 May 2008). "What Role for Turkish Ports in the Regional Logistics Supply Chains?" (PDF). International Conference on Information Systems and Supply Chain. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2009-02-06. Diakses tanggal 28 August 2012.
Kerimoğlu, Ebra; Ciraci, Hale. "Urban Tourism: An Analysis of Visitors to Istanbul" (PDF). Vienna University of Economics and Business. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-05-22. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-23.
"Istanbul '10" (PDF). Turkey Tourism Market Research Reports. Istanbul Valuation and Consulting. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-06-16. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2012. (n.b. Source indicates that the Topkapı Palace Museum and the Hagia Sophia together bring in 55 million TL, approximately $30 million in 2010, on an annual basis.)
"İstanbul – Archaeology Museum". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-02-03. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2012.
"History". The Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-03. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2012.
"Galatasaray: The Lions of the Bosporus". FIFA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-07-02. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2012.
"Türkiye Basketbol Ligleri" (dalam bahasa Turkish). The Turkish Basketball League. 27 June 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-26. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-26.
"2008/09: Pitmen strike gold in Istanbul". The Union of European Football Associations. 20 May 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-17. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2012.
"Türk Telekom Arena Istanbul". 'asp' Architekten. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-04-26. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012.
"2010 FIBA World Championship Istanbul: Arenas". FIBA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-03. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2012.
"Istanbul – Arenas". FIBA. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-03. Diakses tanggal 29 June 2012.
"Events" (PDF). FIA World Touring Car Championship. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-16. Diakses tanggal 29 June 2012.
"The Circuits". European Le Mans Series. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-07-07. Diakses tanggal 3 July 2012.
"2012 Yarış Programı ve Genel Yarış Talimatı" (dalam bahasa Turkish). The Istanbul Sailing Club. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-04. Diakses tanggal 3 July 2012.
"About Us". The Turkish Offshore Racing Club. 31 March 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-05. Diakses tanggal 3 Juli 2012.
"Races". F1 Powerboat World Championship. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-19. Diakses tanggal 3 Juli 2012.
"Gazete Net Satışları". Medyatava (dalam bahasa Turkish). 11 March 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-19. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2013.
"TRT – Radio". The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-06-09. Diakses tanggal 8 May 2012.
"TRT – Television". The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-14. Diakses tanggal 8 May 2012.
"History". Istanbul University. 11 August 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-11-13. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
"University Profile: Istanbul Technical University, Turkey". Board of European Students of Technology. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-11-16. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2012.
"State Universities". The Turkish Council of Higher Education. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-02-10. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2012.
"About Marmara". Marmara University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-30. Diakses tanggal 4 July 2012.
"Private Universities". The Turkish Council of Higher Education. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-02-08. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2012.
"Historique" (dalam bahasa French). Galatasaray University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-03-21. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2012.
"Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Anadolu Liseleri Yönetmeliği" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Ministry of Education. 5 November 1999. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-15. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2012.
"The History of the Italian School". Liceo Italiano. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-20. Diakses tanggal 3 July 2012.
"Principles of Education". Darüşşafaka High School. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-09. Diakses tanggal 6 July 2012.
"Kabataş Erkek Lisesi" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Kabataş Erkek Lisesi. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-02. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2012.
"KAL Uygulamalı Yabancı Dil Laboratuvarı" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Kadıköy Anadolu Lisesi. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-20. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2012.
"Istanbul and the History of Water in Istanbul". Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-09-29. Diakses tanggal 11 March 2006.
"İSKİ Administration". Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-09-29. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2012.
"Silahtarağa Power Plant". SantralIstanbul. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-07-30. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2012.
"Short History of Electrical Energy in Turkey". Turkish Electricity Transmission Company. 2001. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-11-28. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2012.
"About Us | Brief History". The Post and Telegraph Organization. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-04-01. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2012.
"About Türk Telekom: History". Türk Telekom. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-06. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2012.
"Chronological History of IETT" (PDF). Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnel General Management. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-16. Diakses tanggal 1 April 2012.
"T1 Bağcılar–Kabataş Tramvay Hattı" (dalam bahasa Turkish). İstanbul Ulaşım A.Ş. (Istanbul Transport Corporation). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-18. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
"Tunnel". Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnel. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-06. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012. (Note: It is apparent this is merely a machine translation of the original Turkish page.)
"F1 Taksim–Kabataş Füniküler Hattı" (dalam bahasa Turkish). İstanbul Ulaşım A.Ş. (Istanbul Transport Corporation). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-26. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
"Raylı Sistemler" (dalam bahasa Turkish). İstanbul Ulaşım A.Ş. (Istanbul Transport Corporation). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-09. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
"Ağ Haritaları" (dalam bahasa Turkish). İstanbul Ulaşım A.Ş. (Istanbul Transport Corporation). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-15. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
"Turkey: Connecting Continents". Economic Updates. Oxford Business Group. 7 March 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-04-26. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
"Public Transportation in Istanbul". Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnel General Management. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-04. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
"Metrobus". Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnel General Management. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-06. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
"Interaktif Haritalar | İç Hatlar" (dalam bahasa Turkish). İDO. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-31. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
"Dış Hatlar" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Turkish). İDO. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-16. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
Grytsenko, Sergiy (26 September 2011). "EBRD Supports Privatisation of Ferry Operations in Istanbul". The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-17. Diakses tanggal 4 April 2012.
"Liman Hizmetleri" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Turkey Maritime Organization. 10 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-10-16. Diakses tanggal 28 August 2012.
"Bölgesel Yolcu Trenleri" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Turkish State Railways. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-04. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
"Transports to Middle-Eastern Countries". Turkish National Railways. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-15. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
Akay, Latifa (5 February 2012). "2012 Sees End of Line for Haydarpaşa Station". Today's Zaman. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-16. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
"İstanbul Otogarı" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Avrasya Terminal İşletmeleri A.Ş. (Eurasian Terminal Management, Inc.). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-20. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2012.
"Preliminary 2013 World Airport Traffic and Rankings". Airports Council International. 17 March 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-08-13. Diakses tanggal 25 March 2014.
"Yolcu Trafiği (Gelen-Giden)" (dalam bahasa Turkish). General Directorate of State Airports Authority. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-11-04. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2013.
"Sabiha Gökçen Named World's Fastest Growing Airport". Today's Zaman. 18 August 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-16. Diakses tanggal 4 April 2012.
"'Third airport a must to ease air traffic in İstanbul'". Today's Zaman. 29 April 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-04. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2013.
Ozge Ozbilgin (3 May 2013). "Turkish firms win 22 billion euro Istanbul airport tender". Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-01-08. Diakses tanggal 5 May 2013.
"It will be the biggest airport of the world". 24 January 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-29. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2013.

webcitation.org

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"Milestones in ISE History". Istanbul Stock Exchange. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-01. Diakses tanggal 28 March 2012.
"2007 Yılına Ait Veriler" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Governorship of Istanbul. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-02. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2012.

worldcat.org

Judith Herrin (28 September 2009). Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire. Princeton University Press. hlm. 5. ISBN 978-0-691-14369-9. OCLC 1091569907.
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worldpopulationreview.com

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wu-wien.ac.at

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