References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Josef Stalin" in the Indonesian version

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Conquest 1991, hlm. 2; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 11; Service 2004, hlm. 14; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 23. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 23. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 2; Volkogonov 1991, hlm. 5; Service 2004, hlm. 14; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 19; Khlevniuk 2015. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Service 2004, hlm. 14; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 19; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 16. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

Volkogonov 1991, hlm. 5; Service 2004, hlm. 16; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 22; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 17; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 11. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 11; Service 2004, hlm. 16; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 23; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 17. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 5; Service 2004, hlm. 14; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 22; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 16. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

Service 2004, hlm. 16; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 22, 32. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 30-31; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 20. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

Service 2004, hlm. 17; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 25; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 20; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 12. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 10; Volkogonov 1991, hlm. 5; Service 2004, hlm. 17; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 29; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 24; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 12. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 12; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 31; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 20–21. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 32. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 31. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 11; Service 2004, hlm. 20; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 32–34; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 21. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 12; Service 2004, hlm. 30; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 44; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 26. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 43–44. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 44. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 13; Service 2004, hlm. 30; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 43; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 26. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 36. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 45. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 12; Volkogonov 1991, hlm. 5; Service 2004, hlm. 19; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 31; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 20. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 12; Service 2004, hlm. 25; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 35, 46; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 20–21. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 51; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 15. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 53. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 52–53. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 54–55. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 19; Service 2004, hlm. 36; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 56; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 16. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 18; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 57. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 58. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 69; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 18. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 19; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 69; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 19. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 70–71. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 19; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 62; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 18. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 63. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 14; Volkogonov 1991, hlm. 5; Service 2004, hlm. 27–28; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 63; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 17. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 64. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 69. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 66. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 65. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 41; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 71. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 73. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 27; Service 2004, hlm. 43; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 76. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 79. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 27; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 78. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 78. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 27; Service 2004, hlm. 45; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 81–82. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 82. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 28; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 82. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 87. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Rieber 2005, hlm. 37–38; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 87–88. Rieber, Alfred J. (2005). "Stalin as Georgian: The Formative Years". Dalam Sarah Davies; James Harris. Stalin: A New History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 18–44. ISBN 978-1-139-44663-1. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 29; Service 2004, hlm. 52; Rieber 2005, hlm. 39; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 101. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Rieber, Alfred J. (2005). "Stalin as Georgian: The Formative Years". Dalam Sarah Davies; James Harris. Stalin: A New History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 18–44. ISBN 978-1-139-44663-1. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 91, 95. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 90–93; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 22–23. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 29; Service 2004, hlm. 49; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 94–95; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 23. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 97–98. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 29; Service 2004, hlm. 49; Rieber 2005, hlm. 42; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 98. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Rieber, Alfred J. (2005). "Stalin as Georgian: The Formative Years". Dalam Sarah Davies; James Harris. Stalin: A New History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 18–44. ISBN 978-1-139-44663-1. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 52; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 101. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 29; Service 2004, hlm. 52; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 105. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 29; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 107; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 23. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 29; Service 2004, hlm. 52; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 108–110. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 111. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 52; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 114–115. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 52; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 115–116. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 57; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 123. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 51–52, 54; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 117. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 54; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 117–118. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 33–34; Service 2004, hlm. 53; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 113; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 24. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 131. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 56; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 126. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 58; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 128–129. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 129. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 131–132. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 132. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 143. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 132–133. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 135, 144. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 137. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 60; Montefiore 2004, hlm. 145. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2004). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. Knopf. ISBN 1-4000-4230-5.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 145. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 147. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 39–40; Service 2004, hlm. 61, 62; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 156. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 168. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 64; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 159. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 64; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 167; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 25. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 41; Service 2004, hlm. 65; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 168-170. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 180. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 43–44; Service 2004, hlm. 76; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 184. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 190. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 186. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 189. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 191. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 44; Service 2004, hlm. 71; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 193. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 194. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 74; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 196. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 197–198. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 195. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 44; Service 2004, hlm. 68; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 203. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 45; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 203–204. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 45; Service 2004, hlm. 68; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 206, 208. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 46; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 212. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 46; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 222. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 46; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 226. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 79; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 227, 229, 230–231. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 47; Service 2004, hlm. 80; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 231, 234. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 79; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 234. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 236. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 237. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 48; Service 2004, hlm. 83; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 240. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 240. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 241. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 84; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 243. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 84; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 247. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 51; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 248. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 249. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 86; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 250. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 51; Service 2004, hlm. 86–87; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 250–251. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 252–253. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 255. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 256. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 52; Service 2004, hlm. 87–88; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 256–259. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 263. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 54; Service 2004, hlm. 89; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 263. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 89; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 264–265. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 266. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 53; Service 2004, hlm. 85; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 266. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 267. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Himmer 1986, hlm. 269; Volkogonov 1991, hlm. 7; Service 2004, hlm. 85. Himmer, Robert (1986). "On the Origin and Significance of the Name "Stalin"". The Russian Review. 45 (3): 269–286. JSTOR 130111. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3.

Himmer 1986, hlm. 269; Service 2004, hlm. 85. Himmer, Robert (1986). "On the Origin and Significance of the Name "Stalin"". The Russian Review. 45 (3): 269–286. JSTOR 130111. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3.

Himmer 1986, hlm. 269; Volkogonov 1991, hlm. 7; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 268. Himmer, Robert (1986). "On the Origin and Significance of the Name "Stalin"". The Russian Review. 45 (3): 269–286. JSTOR 130111. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 267–268. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 268–270; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 28. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 54; Service 2004, hlm. 102–103; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 270, 273; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 29. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 273–274. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 55; Service 2004, hlm. 105–106; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 277–278; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 29. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Service 2004, hlm. 107; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 282–285; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 30. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 292–293. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 298, 300. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 287. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 56; Service 2004, hlm. 110; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 288–289. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 57; Service 2004, hlm. 113–114; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 300. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 57; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 301–302. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 114; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 302. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 57–58; Service 2004, hlm. 116–117; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 302–303; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 42. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Volkogonov 1991, hlm. 15, 19; Service 2004, hlm. 117; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 304. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Volkogonov 1991, hlm. 19; Service 2004, hlm. 120; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 310. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 59–60; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 310. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 64; Service 2004, hlm. 131; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 316; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 46. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 316. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 65; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 319–320. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 322–324; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 48–49. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 326. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 68; Service 2004, hlm. 138; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 331–332; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 50. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 332-333, 335. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 144; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 337–338. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 145; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 341. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 341–342. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 344–346. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2003, hlm. 27; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 226. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2003). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-1-842-12726-1. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

Montefiore 2003, hlm. 157. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2003). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-1-842-12726-1.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 77; Volkogonov 1991, hlm. 39; Montefiore 2003, hlm. 27; Service 2004, hlm. 163; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 54. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2003). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-1-842-12726-1. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 78, 82; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 28; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 55. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Volkogonov 1991, hlm. 46; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 27; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 56–57. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

Davies 2003, hlm. 211; Service 2004, hlm. 183–185; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 376–377. Davies, Norman (2003) [1972]. White Eagle, Red Star: The Polish-Soviet War 1919-20 and 'the Miracle on the Vistula'. London: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712606943. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

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Montefiore 2007, hlm. 336. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 67. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

McDermott 2006, hlm. 7. McDermott, Kevin (2006). Stalin: Revolutionary in an Era of War. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780333711224.

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Sandle 1999, hlm. 214; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 8. Sandle, Mark (1999). A Short History of Soviet Socialism. London: UCL Press. doi:10.4324/9780203500279. ISBN 978-1-85728-355-6. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

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Overy 2004, hlm. 565. Overy, Richard J. (2004). The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-02030-4.

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Montefiore 2007, hlm. 21,29,33–34. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 9. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 10. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

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Montefiore 2003, hlm. 579. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2003). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-1-842-12726-1.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 268. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Himmer 1986, hlm. 269. Himmer, Robert (1986). "On the Origin and Significance of the Name "Stalin"". The Russian Review. 45 (3): 269–286. JSTOR 130111.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 395. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. xvi; Volkogonov 1991, hlm. xxiii; Service 2004, hlm. 4; Montefiore 2007, hlm. xxiv. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. xxiv. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Service 2004, hlm. 42; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 353. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Conquest 1991, hlm. 317; Volkogonov 1991, hlm. xxvi; McDermott 2006, hlm. 13. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Volkogonov, Dimitri (1991). Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Harold Shukman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297810803. McDermott, Kevin (2006). Stalin: Revolutionary in an Era of War. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780333711224.

Conquest 1991, hlm. xvi; Service 2004, hlm. 18; McDermott 2006, hlm. 13. Conquest, Robert (1991). Stalin: Breaker of Nations. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0140169539. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. McDermott, Kevin (2006). Stalin: Revolutionary in an Era of War. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780333711224.

Montefiore 2003, hlm. 42; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 424. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2003). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-1-842-12726-1. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

McCauley 2003, hlm. 92; Montefiore 2003, hlm. 49–50; Kotkin 2014, hlm. 117, 465. McCauley, Martin (2003). Stalin and Stalinism (edisi ke-third). Harlow and London: Pearson. ISBN 9780582505872. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2003). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-1-842-12726-1. Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-713-99944-0.

Montefiore 2003, hlm. 41. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2003). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-1-842-12726-1.

McDermott 2006, hlm. 12–13. McDermott, Kevin (2006). Stalin: Revolutionary in an Era of War. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780333711224.

Montefiore 2003, hlm. 175. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2003). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-1-842-12726-1.

Service 2004, hlm. 258; Montefiore 2007, hlm. 285. Service, Robert (2004). Stalin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72627-3. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 42. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

McDermott 2006, hlm. 12. McDermott, Kevin (2006). Stalin: Revolutionary in an Era of War. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780333711224.

Montefiore 2007, hlm. 60. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007). Young Stalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85068-7.

Montefiore 2003, hlm. 73; Khlevniuk 2015, hlm. 6. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2003). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-1-842-12726-1. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Diterjemahkan oleh Nora Seligman Favorov. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16388-9.

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