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Gerling, Dan; Hurd, Paul David; Hefetz, Abraham (1983). "Comparative behavioral biology of two Middle East species of carpenter bees (Xylocopa Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 369: 1–33. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.369. hdl:10088/5359.