Linnaeus, C. (1758). "Felis pardus". Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I (edisi ke-decima, reformata). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. hlm. 41−42.(Latin)
Allen, G. M. (1939). A Checklist of African Mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 83. Cambridge, Mass. : The Museum. hlm. 1–763.
Martins, Q.; Martins, N. (2006). "Leopards of the Cape: conservation and conservation concerns". International Journal of Environmental Studies. 63 (5): 579–585. doi:10.1080/00207230600963486. ISSN0020-7233.
Westerberg, Matthew; Craig, Evan; Meheretu, Yonas (2017). "First record of African leopard (Panthera pardus pardus L.) in semi-arid area of Yechilay, northern Ethiopia". African Journal of Ecology. doi:10.1111/aje.12436. ISSN0141-6707.
Fay, J. M.; Carroll, R.; Kerbis Peterhans, J. C.; Harris, D. (1995). "Leopard attack on and consumption of gorillas in the Central African Republic". Journal of Human Evolution. 29 (1): 93–99. doi:10.1006/jhev.1995.1048.
Fa, J. E. (1982). "A survey of population and habitat of the Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus L. in north Morocco". Biological Conservation. 24 (1): 45–66. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(82)90046-5.
Williams, Samual T.; Williams, Kathryn S.; Lewis, Bradley P.; Hill, Russell A. (2017). "Population dynamics and threats to an apex predator outside protected areas: implications for carnivore management". Royal Society Open Science. 4 (4): 161090. doi:10.1098/rsos.161090. ISSN2054-5703.
Spong, G.; Johansson, M.; Björklund, M. (2000). "High genetic variation in leopards indicates large and long-term stable effective population size". Molecular Ecology. 9 (11): 1773–1782. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01067.x. ISSN0962-1083.
Henschel, P.; Abernethy, K. A.; White, L. J. T. (2005). "Leopard food habits in the Lope National Park, Gabon, Central Africa". African Journal of Ecology. 43 (1): 21–28. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2004.00518.x. ISSN0141-6707.
Jenny, D. (1996). "Spatial organization of leopards Panthera pardus in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast: is rainforest habitat a 'tropical haven'?". Journal of Zoology. 240 (3): 427–440. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05296.x.
Maputla, Nakedi W.; Chimimba, Christian T.; Ferreira, Sam M. (2013). "Calibrating a camera trap-based biased mark-recapture sampling design to survey the leopard population in the N'wanetsi concession, Kruger National Park, South Africa". African Journal of Ecology. 51 (3): 422–430. doi:10.1111/aje.12047. ISSN0141-6707.
Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group"(PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11: 73–75.
Martins, Q.; Martins, N. (2006). "Leopards of the Cape: conservation and conservation concerns". International Journal of Environmental Studies. 63 (5): 579–585. doi:10.1080/00207230600963486. ISSN0020-7233.
Westerberg, Matthew; Craig, Evan; Meheretu, Yonas (2017). "First record of African leopard (Panthera pardus pardus L.) in semi-arid area of Yechilay, northern Ethiopia". African Journal of Ecology. doi:10.1111/aje.12436. ISSN0141-6707.
Williams, Samual T.; Williams, Kathryn S.; Lewis, Bradley P.; Hill, Russell A. (2017). "Population dynamics and threats to an apex predator outside protected areas: implications for carnivore management". Royal Society Open Science. 4 (4): 161090. doi:10.1098/rsos.161090. ISSN2054-5703.
Spong, G.; Johansson, M.; Björklund, M. (2000). "High genetic variation in leopards indicates large and long-term stable effective population size". Molecular Ecology. 9 (11): 1773–1782. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01067.x. ISSN0962-1083.
Henschel, P.; Abernethy, K. A.; White, L. J. T. (2005). "Leopard food habits in the Lope National Park, Gabon, Central Africa". African Journal of Ecology. 43 (1): 21–28. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2004.00518.x. ISSN0141-6707.
Maputla, Nakedi W.; Chimimba, Christian T.; Ferreira, Sam M. (2013). "Calibrating a camera trap-based biased mark-recapture sampling design to survey the leopard population in the N'wanetsi concession, Kruger National Park, South Africa". African Journal of Ecology. 51 (3): 422–430. doi:10.1111/aje.12047. ISSN0141-6707.