Muhammad dalam Islam (Indonesian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Muhammad dalam Islam" in Indonesian language version.

Last modified: 05:39:44, 17 August 2026 (UTC)

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2718archive.org

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2118web.archive.org

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75doi.org

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33britannica.com

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32semanticscholar.org

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11academia.edu

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11worldcat.org

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11muslimphilosophy.com

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11oxfordislamicstudies.com

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11muhammadanism.org

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11saet.ac.uk

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academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; Indonesian: 107^th place)

Virani, Shafique N. (2011). ["Taqiyya and Identity in a South Asian Community". The) Journal of Asian Studies. 70 (1): 99–139. doi:10.1017/S0021911810002974. ISSN 0021-9118. S2CID 143431047. {{cite journal}}: Periksa nilai |url= p. 128.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Indonesian: 3^rd place)

{{cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |author-link=John Esposito |title=Islam: The Straight Path |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-511233-7 |page=[(https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat00espo_0/page/12) 12] |url=(https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat00espo_0/page/12) }}
{{cite book|last=Peters|first=F. E.|title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians|year=2003|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-11553-5|page=[(https://archive.org/details/islamguideforjew00fepe/page/9) 9]|url=(https://archive.org/details/islamguideforjew00fepe/page/9}})
{{cite book|last=Esposito|first=John|title=Islam: The Straight Path |edition=Edisi ke-3 |year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-511234-4|pages=[(https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0000espo/page/9) 9, 12]|url=(https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0000espo}})
Muir, William (1861). [(https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.215983/page/n54/mode/1up) Life of Mahomet]. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder, & Co. hlm. 55. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |url=
{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon|title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=(https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef) |url-access=registration|publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0|page=[(https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/58) 58]}}
{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=(https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo) |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Indiana |isbn=978-0-253-21627-4 |page=[17 }}</nowiki>
{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title= Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url= (https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo) |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Indiana |isbn= 978-0-253-21627-4 |page=[15}}</nowiki>
{{cite book |last=Khadduri |first=Majid |title=The Islamic Conception of Justice |url=(https://archive.org/details/islamicconceptio0000khad) |url-access=registration |year=1984 |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=978-0-8018-6974-7 |page=[(https://archive.org/details/islamicconceptio0000khad/page/8) 8]}}
{{cite book|last=Khan|first=Muhammad Zafrullah|title=Muhammad: Seal of the Prophets|year=1980|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|isbn=978-0-7100-0610-3|page=[(https://archive.org/details/muhammadsealofpr0000khan/page/12) 12]|url=(https://archive.org/details/muhammadsealofpr0000khan}})
{{cite book|last=Khan|first=Muhammad Zafrullah|title=Muhammad: Seal of the Prophets|year=1980|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|isbn=978-0-7100-0610-3|page=[(https://archive.org/details/muhammadsealofpr0000khan/page/15) 15]|url=(https://archive.org/details/muhammadsealofpr0000khan}})
Muir, William (1861). [(https://archive.org/details/lifemahomet00muirgoog) Life of Mahomet]. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder, & Co. hlm. xvii-xviii. Diakses tanggal 18 Januari 2013. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
{{cite book|last=Khan|first=Muhammad Zafrullah|title=Muhammad: Seal of the Prophets|year=1980|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|isbn=978-0-7100-0610-3|page=[(https://archive.org/details/muhammadsealofpr0000khan/page/16) 16]|url=(https://archive.org/details/muhammadsealofpr0000khan}})
{{cite book |last=Ramadan |first=Tariq |author-link=Tariq Ramadan |title=In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad |url=(https://archive.org/details/infootstepsofpro00rama|url-access=registration) |year=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press|page=[(https://archive.org/details/infootstepsofpro00rama/page/21) 21]|isbn=978-0-19-530880-8 }}
Bennett, Clinton (1998). [In Search of Muhammad. London: Cassell. hlm. 2. ISBN 978-0-304-70401-9. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |url=
{{cite book |last=Bogle |first=Emory C. |author-link=Emory C. Bogle. |title=Islam: Origin and Belief |year=1998 |publisher=Texas University Press |isbn=978-0-292-70862-4 |page=[(https://archive.org/details/islam00emor/page/6) 6] |url=(https://archive.org/details/islam00emor/page/6) }}
{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon|title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=[[Britannica(https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef|url-access=registration|publisher=Britannica) Educational Publishing |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0|pages=[(https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/39) 39–40]}}
Nigosian, S. A. (2004). Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices. Indiana: Indiana University Press. hlm. [65–68. ISBN 978-0-253-21627-4.
{{cite book|last=Khan|first=Muhammad Zafrullah|title=Muhammad: Seal of the Prophets|year=1980|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|isbn=978-0-7100-0610-3|page=[(https://archive.org/details/muhammadsealofpr0000khan/page/42) 42]|url=(https://archive.org/details/muhammadsealofpr0000khan}})

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Indonesian: 4^th place)

Morgan, Garry R (2012). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=kph_W86k-VoC&pg=PT77) Understanding World Religions in 15 Minutes a Day]. Baker Books. hlm. 77. ISBN 978-1-4412-5988-2. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20160624065901/https://books.google.com/books?id=kph_W86k-VoC&pg=PT77) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 24 Juni 2016. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2015. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Mead, Jean (2008). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=CdJtfwE8_H4C&pg=PA5) Why Is Muhammad Important to Muslims]. Evans Brothers. hlm. 5. ISBN 978-0-237-53409-7. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20160623223317/https://books.google.com/books?id=CdJtfwE8_H4C&pg=PA5) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 23 Juni 2016. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2015. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Riedling, Ann Marlow (2014). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=e5QTBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT38) Is Your God My God]. WestBow. hlm. 38. ISBN 978-1-4908-4038-3. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20160514162431/https://books.google.com/books?id=e5QTBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT38) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 14 Mei 2016. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2015. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Juan E. Campo, ed. (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Facts on File. hlm. 494. ISBN 978-0-8160-5454-1 [(https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494) [https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494](https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494)]. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-09-30. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |title= tidak ada atau kosong; Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Clark, Malcolm (2003). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=zPXu561ZpvgC&pg=PT100) Islam for Dummies]. Indiana: Wiley Publishing Inc. hlm. 100. ISBN 9781118053966. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043530/https://books.google.com/books?id=zPXu561ZpvgC&pg=PT100#v=onepage&q&f=true) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-09-24. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1885). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=rDtbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA270) "K͟HĀTIMU 'N-NABĪYĪN"]. A Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopædia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies, and Customs, Together with the Technical and Theological Terms, of the Muhammadan Religion. London: W. H. Allen. hlm. 270. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20151004045311/https://books.google.com/books?id=rDtbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA270) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-10-04. K͟HĀTIMU 'N-NABĪYĪN (خاتم النبيين). "The seal of the Prophets." A title assumed by Muhammad in the Qur'ān. Surah xxxiii. 40: "He is the Apostle of God and the 'seal of the Prophets'." By which is meant, that he is the last of the Prophets. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Coeli Fitzpatrick; Adam Hani Walker, ed. (2014). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA16) "Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God [2 volumes]"]. Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 16. ISBN 978-1-61069-178-9. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20160427082038/https://books.google.com/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA16) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2016-04-27. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Bogle, Emory C. (1998). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=IpFhLDUw20gC&pg=PA135) Islam: Origin and Belief]. University of Texas Press. hlm. 135. ISBN 978-0-292-70862-4. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20160624053507/https://books.google.com/books?id=IpFhLDUw20gC&pg=PA135) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 24 Juni 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 Oktober 2015. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Goldziher, Ignác (1981). ["Sects". Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law. Translated) by Andras and Ruth Hamori from the German Vorlesungen über den Islam (1910). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. hlm. 220–21. ISBN 0691100993. [Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-10-05. Sunnī and Shī'ī theology alike understood it to mean that Muhammad ended the series of Prophets, that he had accomplished for all eternity what his predecessors had prepared, that he was God's last messenger delivering God's last message to mankind. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |chapter-url=](https://web.archive.org/web/20151005103712/https://books.google.com/books?id=6zeStDQZOSgC&pg=PA220|archive-date=2015-10-05}})
Martin, Richard C., ed. (2004). ["'Ali". Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan. hlm. 37. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Periksa nilai |url=](https://books.google.com/books?id=xL9YAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA37}})
Muhammad Taqi Usmani (2004). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=XIxvo6IUo5IC&pg=PA6) The Authority of Sunnah]. hlm. 6. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20151022064636/https://books.google.com/books?id=XIxvo6IUo5IC&lpg=PA5&pg=PA6) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-10-22. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Kamal S. Salibi (2003). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=t_amYLJq4SQC) A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered]. I.B.Tauris. hlm. 61–62. ISBN 978-1-86064-912-7. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20160516031507/https://books.google.com/books?id=t_amYLJq4SQC) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2016-05-16. To the Arabs, this same territory, which the Romans considered Arabian, formed part of what they called Bilad al-Sham, which was their own name for Syria. From the classical perspective however Syria, including Palestine, formed no more than the western fringes of what was reckoned to be Arabia between the first line of cities and the coast. Since there is no clear dividing line between what are called today the Syrian and Arabian deserts, which actually form one stretch of arid tableland, the classical concept of what actually constituted Syria had more to its credit geographically than the vaguer Arab concept of Syria as Bilad al-Sham. Under the Romans, there was actually a province of Syria, with its capital at Antioch, which carried the name of the territory. Otherwise, down the centuries, Syria like Arabia and Mesopotamia was no more than a geographic expression. In Islamic times, the Arab geographers used the name arabicized as Suriyah, to denote one special region of Bilad al-Sham, which was the middle section of the valley of the Orontes river, in the vicinity of the towns of Homs and Hama. They also noted that it was an old name for the whole of Bilad al-Sham which had gone out of use. As a geographic expression, however, the name Syria survived in its original classical sense in Byzantine and Western European usage, and also in the Syriac literature of some of the Eastern Christian churches, from which it occasionally found its way into Christian Arabic usage. It was only in the nineteenth century that the use of the name was revived in its modern Arabic form, frequently as Suriyya rather than the older Suriyah, to denote the whole of Bilad al-Sham: first of all in the Christian Arabic literature of the period, and under the influence of Western Europe. By the end of that century it had already replaced the name of Bilad al-Sham even in Muslim Arabic usage. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Ali, Muhammad (2011). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=f_j9ayrVpHMC&pg=PT113) Introduction to the Study of The Holy Qur'an]. Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islam Lahore USA. hlm. 113. ISBN 978-1-934271-21-6. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20151029034335/https://books.google.com/books?id=f_j9ayrVpHMC&pg=PT113) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-10-29. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Al Mubarakpuri, Safi ur Rahman (2002). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA74) Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar)]. Darussalam. hlm. 74. ISBN 978-9960-899-55-8. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20151031184558/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA74) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-10-31. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Juan E. Campo, ed. (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Facts on File. hlm. 570–573. ISBN 978-0-8160-5454-1 [(https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA570) [https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA570](https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA570)]. The Quran is the sacred scripture of Islam. Muslims believe it contains the infallible word of God as revealed to Muhammad the Prophet in the Arabic language during the latter part of his life, between the years 610 and 632… (p. 570). Quran was revealed piecemeal during Muhammad's life, between 610 C.E. and 632 C.E., and that it was collected into a physical book (mushaf) only after his death. Early commentaries and Islamic historical sources support this understanding of the Quran's early development, although they are unclear in other respects. They report that the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644–656) ordered a committee headed by Zayd ibn Thabit (d. ca. 655), Muhammad's scribe, to establish a single authoritative recension of the Quran… (p. 572-3). {{cite encyclopedia}}: |title= tidak ada atau kosong; Periksa nilai |url=
{{cite encyclopedia |editor= Oliver Leaman |encyclopedia= The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia |url= [[Routledge(https://books.google.com/books?id=isDgI0-0Ip4C&pg=PA520|publisher=Routledge) |year=2006 |isbn=9-78-0-415-32639-1|page=520}}
Juan E. Campo, ed. (2009). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA493) "Muhammad"]. Encyclopedia of Islam. Facts on File. hlm. 493. ISBN 978-0-8160-5454-1. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Periksa nilai |chapter-url=

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; Indonesian: 43^rd place)

[(https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad/251796/The-advent-of-the-revelation-and-the-Meccan-period) "Muhammad"]. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20130127111138/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad/251796/The-advent-of-the-revelation-and-the-Meccan-period) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 27 Januari 2013. Diakses tanggal 27 Januari 2013. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
[(https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad) "Muhammad"]. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20130202060950/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2 Februari 2013. Diakses tanggal 27 Januari 2013. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
[(https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad/251799/Muhammad-and-the-Quran) "Muhammad and the Quran"]. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20130117061518/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad/251799/Muhammad-and-the-Quran) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 17 Januari 2013. Diakses tanggal 7 Maret 2013. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Indonesian: 2^nd place)

doi.org

- Conrad, Lawrence I. (1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 50 (2): 225–40. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016. S2CID 162350288.
- Virani, Shafique N. (2011). ["Taqiyya and Identity in a South Asian Community". The) Journal of Asian Studies. 70 (1): 99–139. doi:10.1017/S0021911810002974. ISSN 0021-9118. S2CID 143431047. {{cite journal}}: Periksa nilai |url= p. 128.
- Raven, W. (2011). Biography of the Prophet. In K. Fleet, G. Krämer, D. Matringe, J. Nawas and D. J. Stewart (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Islam Three Online. Brill. (https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23716)
- Katz, M. H. (2017). Birthday of the Prophet. In K. Fleet, G. Krämer, D. Matringe, J. Nawas and D. J. Stewart (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Islam Three Online. Brill. (https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24018)
dx.doi.org
- Rubin, U., “Nūr Muḥammadī”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 4 December 2023 DOI:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5985 First published online: 2012 First print edition: ISBN 9789004161214, 1960-2007

muhammadanism.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

Sell, Edward (1913). [(https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202846/http://www.muhammadanism.org/Canon_Sell/muhammad/life_muhammad.pdf) The Life of Muhammad]. Madras. hlm. 7. Diarsipkan dari [(http://www.muhammadanism.org/Canon_Sell/muhammad/life_muhammad.pdf) asli] tanggal 31 Oktober 2013. Diakses tanggal 19 Januari 2013. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Lokasi tanpa penerbit (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

muslimphilosophy.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: 7,877^th place)

[(http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H022.htm#H022SECT4) Ibn al-'Arabi, Muhyi al-Din (1164–1240), The 'perfect human' and the Muhammadan reality] Lua error in mw.uri.lua at line 142: Invalid port number in string.

oxfordislamicstudies.com (Global: 6,167^th place; Indonesian: 1,927^th place)

"Sunnah." In The Islamic World: Past and Present. Ed. John L. Esposito. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. 22-Apr-2013. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025308/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e332) "Sunnah - Oxford Islamic Studies Online"]. Diarsipkan dari [(http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e332) asli] tanggal 2014-04-19. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-22. {{cite web}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=

saet.ac.uk (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

Stephen Burge. 2024. 'Angels (malāʾika)', St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. Edited by Brendan N. Wolfe et al. (https://www.saet.ac.uk/Islam/Angels) Accessed: 4 November 2024 p. 12

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; Indonesian: 26^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

- Conrad, Lawrence I. (1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 50 (2): 225–40. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016. S2CID 162350288.
- Virani, Shafique N. (2011). ["Taqiyya and Identity in a South Asian Community". The) Journal of Asian Studies. 70 (1): 99–139. doi:10.1017/S0021911810002974. ISSN 0021-9118. S2CID 143431047. {{cite journal}}: Periksa nilai |url= p. 128.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Indonesian: 1^st place)

[(https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad/251796/The-advent-of-the-revelation-and-the-Meccan-period) "Muhammad"]. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20130127111138/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad/251796/The-advent-of-the-revelation-and-the-Meccan-period) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 27 Januari 2013. Diakses tanggal 27 Januari 2013. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Morgan, Garry R (2012). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=kph_W86k-VoC&pg=PT77) Understanding World Religions in 15 Minutes a Day]. Baker Books. hlm. 77. ISBN 978-1-4412-5988-2. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20160624065901/https://books.google.com/books?id=kph_W86k-VoC&pg=PT77) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 24 Juni 2016. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2015. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Mead, Jean (2008). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=CdJtfwE8_H4C&pg=PA5) Why Is Muhammad Important to Muslims]. Evans Brothers. hlm. 5. ISBN 978-0-237-53409-7. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20160623223317/https://books.google.com/books?id=CdJtfwE8_H4C&pg=PA5) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 23 Juni 2016. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2015. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Riedling, Ann Marlow (2014). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=e5QTBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT38) Is Your God My God]. WestBow. hlm. 38. ISBN 978-1-4908-4038-3. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20160514162431/https://books.google.com/books?id=e5QTBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT38) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 14 Mei 2016. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2015. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Juan E. Campo, ed. (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Facts on File. hlm. 494. ISBN 978-0-8160-5454-1 [(https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494) [https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494](https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494)]. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-09-30. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |title= tidak ada atau kosong; Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Clark, Malcolm (2003). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=zPXu561ZpvgC&pg=PT100) Islam for Dummies]. Indiana: Wiley Publishing Inc. hlm. 100. ISBN 9781118053966. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043530/https://books.google.com/books?id=zPXu561ZpvgC&pg=PT100#v=onepage&q&f=true) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-09-24. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
[(https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad) "Muhammad"]. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20130202060950/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2 Februari 2013. Diakses tanggal 27 Januari 2013. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1885). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=rDtbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA270) "K͟HĀTIMU 'N-NABĪYĪN"]. A Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopædia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies, and Customs, Together with the Technical and Theological Terms, of the Muhammadan Religion. London: W. H. Allen. hlm. 270. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20151004045311/https://books.google.com/books?id=rDtbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA270) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-10-04. K͟HĀTIMU 'N-NABĪYĪN (خاتم النبيين). "The seal of the Prophets." A title assumed by Muhammad in the Qur'ān. Surah xxxiii. 40: "He is the Apostle of God and the 'seal of the Prophets'." By which is meant, that he is the last of the Prophets. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Coeli Fitzpatrick; Adam Hani Walker, ed. (2014). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA16) "Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God [2 volumes]"]. Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 16. ISBN 978-1-61069-178-9. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20160427082038/https://books.google.com/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA16) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2016-04-27. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Bogle, Emory C. (1998). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=IpFhLDUw20gC&pg=PA135) Islam: Origin and Belief]. University of Texas Press. hlm. 135. ISBN 978-0-292-70862-4. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20160624053507/https://books.google.com/books?id=IpFhLDUw20gC&pg=PA135) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 24 Juni 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 Oktober 2015. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Goldziher, Ignác (1981). ["Sects". Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law. Translated) by Andras and Ruth Hamori from the German Vorlesungen über den Islam (1910). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. hlm. 220–21. ISBN 0691100993. [Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-10-05. Sunnī and Shī'ī theology alike understood it to mean that Muhammad ended the series of Prophets, that he had accomplished for all eternity what his predecessors had prepared, that he was God's last messenger delivering God's last message to mankind. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |chapter-url=](https://web.archive.org/web/20151005103712/https://books.google.com/books?id=6zeStDQZOSgC&pg=PA220|archive-date=2015-10-05}})
"Sunnah." In The Islamic World: Past and Present. Ed. John L. Esposito. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. 22-Apr-2013. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025308/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e332) "Sunnah - Oxford Islamic Studies Online"]. Diarsipkan dari [(http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e332) asli] tanggal 2014-04-19. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-22. {{cite web}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Muhammad Taqi Usmani (2004). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=XIxvo6IUo5IC&pg=PA6) The Authority of Sunnah]. hlm. 6. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20151022064636/https://books.google.com/books?id=XIxvo6IUo5IC&lpg=PA5&pg=PA6) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-10-22. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Sell, Edward (1913). [(https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202846/http://www.muhammadanism.org/Canon_Sell/muhammad/life_muhammad.pdf) The Life of Muhammad]. Madras. hlm. 7. Diarsipkan dari [(http://www.muhammadanism.org/Canon_Sell/muhammad/life_muhammad.pdf) asli] tanggal 31 Oktober 2013. Diakses tanggal 19 Januari 2013. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Lokasi tanpa penerbit (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Kamal S. Salibi (2003). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=t_amYLJq4SQC) A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered]. I.B.Tauris. hlm. 61–62. ISBN 978-1-86064-912-7. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20160516031507/https://books.google.com/books?id=t_amYLJq4SQC) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2016-05-16. To the Arabs, this same territory, which the Romans considered Arabian, formed part of what they called Bilad al-Sham, which was their own name for Syria. From the classical perspective however Syria, including Palestine, formed no more than the western fringes of what was reckoned to be Arabia between the first line of cities and the coast. Since there is no clear dividing line between what are called today the Syrian and Arabian deserts, which actually form one stretch of arid tableland, the classical concept of what actually constituted Syria had more to its credit geographically than the vaguer Arab concept of Syria as Bilad al-Sham. Under the Romans, there was actually a province of Syria, with its capital at Antioch, which carried the name of the territory. Otherwise, down the centuries, Syria like Arabia and Mesopotamia was no more than a geographic expression. In Islamic times, the Arab geographers used the name arabicized as Suriyah, to denote one special region of Bilad al-Sham, which was the middle section of the valley of the Orontes river, in the vicinity of the towns of Homs and Hama. They also noted that it was an old name for the whole of Bilad al-Sham which had gone out of use. As a geographic expression, however, the name Syria survived in its original classical sense in Byzantine and Western European usage, and also in the Syriac literature of some of the Eastern Christian churches, from which it occasionally found its way into Christian Arabic usage. It was only in the nineteenth century that the use of the name was revived in its modern Arabic form, frequently as Suriyya rather than the older Suriyah, to denote the whole of Bilad al-Sham: first of all in the Christian Arabic literature of the period, and under the influence of Western Europe. By the end of that century it had already replaced the name of Bilad al-Sham even in Muslim Arabic usage. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Ali, Muhammad (2011). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=f_j9ayrVpHMC&pg=PT113) Introduction to the Study of The Holy Qur'an]. Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islam Lahore USA. hlm. 113. ISBN 978-1-934271-21-6. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20151029034335/https://books.google.com/books?id=f_j9ayrVpHMC&pg=PT113) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-10-29. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
Al Mubarakpuri, Safi ur Rahman (2002). [(https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA74) Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar)]. Darussalam. hlm. 74. ISBN 978-9960-899-55-8. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20151031184558/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA74) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 2015-10-31. {{cite book}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=
[(https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad/251799/Muhammad-and-the-Quran) "Muhammad and the Quran"]. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013. [(https://web.archive.org/web/20130117061518/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396226/Muhammad/251799/Muhammad-and-the-Quran) Diarsipkan] dari versi aslinya tanggal 17 Januari 2013. Diakses tanggal 7 Maret 2013. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Periksa nilai |archive-url=; Periksa nilai |url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

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Virani, Shafique N. (2011). ["Taqiyya and Identity in a South Asian Community". The) Journal of Asian Studies. 70 (1): 99–139. doi:10.1017/S0021911810002974. ISSN 0021-9118. S2CID 143431047. {{cite journal}}: Periksa nilai |url= p. 128.

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