Ottomanism, Pan-Islamism, and the Caliphate; Discourse at the Turn of the 20th Century, American University in Cairo, The Middle East Studies Program [1]Diarsipkan 2008-08-20 di Wayback Machine.
Ottomanism, Pan-Islamism, and the Caliphate; Discourse at the Turn of the 20th Century, American University in Cairo, The Middle East Studies Program [1]Diarsipkan 2008-08-20 di Wayback Machine.