An Economic History of the Middle East and North Africa - Charles Issawi, p211 [4]
The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa- Donald S. Rothchild, Naomi H. Chazan - Westview Press, 1988 - 357 pages, p42 [5]
"It has been calculated that between 1831 and 1851, 92,329 died in hospital, and only 3,336 in battle. The causes included diseases such as malaria and lack of medical care. Improvements came only slowly, for by 1870 the army had lost 150,000 men. As for the wider carnage, Urbain states in 1862 that the previous 32 years had killed, at a conservative estimate, over 480,000 people, not just soldiers." The Military and Colonial Destruction of the Roman Landscape of North Africa ... - Michael Greenhalgh, p366 [6]
Kamel Kateb, Européens, "indigènes" et juifs en Algérie (1830-1962) : représentations et réalités des populations, INED, 2001, 386 p. [7]
