Pi (Indonesian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Pi" in Indonesian language version.

Last modified: 19:28:24, 14 September 2026 (UTC)

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Salikhov, V. (2008). "On the Irrationality Measure of pi". Russian Mathematical Survey. 53 (3): 570. Bibcode:2008RuMaS..63..570S. doi:10.1070/RM2008v063n03ABEH004543. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Kennedy, E. S., "Abu-r-Raihan al-Biruni, 973-1048", Journal for the History of Astronomy, 9: 65, Bibcode:1978JHA.....9...65K, doi:10.1177/002182867800900106.
Petrie, W. M. F. (1925). "Surveys of the Great Pyramids". Nature Journal. 116 (2930): 942–942. Bibcode:1925Natur.116..942P. doi:10.1038/116942a0. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Borwein, J. M.; Borwein, P. B. (1988). "Ramanujan and Pi". Scientific American. 256 (2): 112–117. Bibcode:1988SciAm.258b.112B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0288-112. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 15–17, 70–72, 104, 156, 192–197, 201–202 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.

ams.org (Global: 434^th place; Indonesian: 517^th place)

mathscinet.ams.org

Mollin, R. A. (1999). "Continued fraction gems". Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde. 17 (3): 383–405. MR 1743850.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Indonesian: 3^rd place)

Jones, William (1706). Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos. London: J. Wale. hlm. 243, 263. hlm. 263: There are various other ways of finding the Lengths, or Areas of particular Curve Lines or Planes, which may very much facilitate the Practice; as for instance, in the Circle, the Diameter is to Circumference as 1 to
${\overline {{\tfrac {16}{5}}-{\tfrac {4}{239}}}}-{\tfrac {1}{3}}{\overline {{\tfrac {16}{5^{3}}}-{\tfrac {4}{239^{3}}}}}+{\tfrac {1}{5}}{\overline {{\tfrac {16}{5^{5}}}-{\tfrac {4}{239^{5}}}}}-,\,\&c.=$
$3.14159, & c. = π$ . This Series (among others for the same purpose, and drawn from the same Principle) I receiv'd from the Excellent Analyst, and my much Esteem'd Friend Mr. John Machin; and by means thereof, Van Ceulen's Number, or that in Art. 64.38. may be Examin'd with all desireable Ease and Dispatch. Reprinted in Smith, David Eugene (1929). "William Jones: The First Use of $π$ for the Circle Ratio". A Source Book in Mathematics. McGraw–Hill. hlm. 346–347.
Bailey, David H.; Plouffe, Simon M.; Borwein, Peter B.; Borwein, Jonathan M. (1997). "The quest for PI". The Mathematical Intelligencer. 19 (1): 50–56. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.138.7085. doi:10.1007/BF03024340. ISSN 0343-6993. S2CID 14318695. {{cite journal}}: Kutipan menggunakan parameter usang |citeseerx=
Remmert 2012, hlm. 148.
Weierstrass, Karl (1841). "Darstellung einer analytischen Function einer complexen Veränderlichen, deren absoluter Betrag zwischen zwei gegebenen Grenzen liegt" [Representation of an analytical function of a complex variable, whose absolute value lies between two given limits]. Mathematische Werke (dalam bahasa Jerman). Vol. 1. Berlin: Mayer & Müller (dipublikasikan 1894). hlm. 51–66.
Baltzer, Richard (1870). Die Elemente der Mathematik [The Elements of Mathematics] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Hirzel. hlm. 195. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 14 September 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Rudin, Walter (1976). Principles of Mathematical Analysis. McGraw-Hill. hlm. 183. ISBN 978-0-07-054235-8.
Ahlfors, Lars (1966). Complex analysis. McGraw-Hill. hlm. 46.
Posamentier & Lehmann 2004, hlm. 25 Posamentier, Alfred S.; Lehmann, Ingmar (2004). Pi: A Biography of the World's Most Mysterious Number. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-200-8. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Beckmann 1989, hlm. 37 Beckmann, Peter (1989) [1974]. History of Pi. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-88029-418-8. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Lange, L. J. (1999). "An Elegant Continued Fraction for $π$ ". The American Mathematical Monthly. 106 (5): 456–458. doi:10.2307/2589152. JSTOR 2589152. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Parameter tidak dikenal |month= diabaikan
Eymard, Pierre, Lafon, Jean Pierre 1999, hlm. 78. Eymard, Pierre, Lafon, Jean Pierre (1999). The Number Pi. American Mathematical Society. ISBN 978-0-8218-3246-2. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: daftar penulis (link), English translation by Stephen Wilson.
Bronshteĭn & Semendiaev 1971, hlm. 592 Bronshteĭn, Ilia; Semendiaev, K. A. (1971). A Guide Book to Mathematics. H. Deutsch. ISBN 978-3-871-44095-3. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Verner, M. (2003). "The Pyramids: Their Archaeology and History". {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Kutipan journal memerlukan |journal=, p. 70.
Petrie (1940). "Wisdom of the Egyptians". {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Kutipan journal memerlukan |journal=, p. 30.
Petrie, W. M. F. (1925). "Surveys of the Great Pyramids". Nature Journal. 116 (2930): 942–942. Bibcode:1925Natur.116..942P. doi:10.1038/116942a0. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 169, Schepler 1950, hlm. 165 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka. Schepler, H. C. (1950). "The Chronology of Pi". Mathematics Magazine. 23 (3). Mathematical Association of America: 165–170 (Jan/Feb), 216–228 (Mar/Apr), and 279–283 (May/Jun). doi:10.2307/3029284. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid. issue 3 Jan/Feb, issue 4 Mar/Apr, issue 5 May/Jun
Beckmann 1989, hlm. 14–16. Beckmann, Peter (1989) [1974]. History of Pi. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-88029-418-8. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Boyer & Merzbach 1991, hlm. 168 Boyer, Carl B.; Merzbach, Uta C. (1991). A History of Mathematics (Edisi 2). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Boyer & Merzbach 1991, hlm. 202 Boyer, Carl B.; Merzbach, Uta C. (1991). A History of Mathematics (Edisi 2). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Roy 1990, hlm. 101–102 Roy, Ranjan (1990). "The Discovery of the Series Formula for pi by Leibniz, Gregory, and Nilakantha". Mathematics Magazine. 63 (5): 291–306. doi:10.2307/2690896. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Borwein, J. M.; Borwein, P. B.; Dilcher, K. (1989). "Pi, Euler Numbers, and Asymptotic Expansions". American Mathematical Monthly. 96 (8): 681–687. doi:10.2307/2324715. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Wells, David (1997). The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers (Edisi revised). Penguin. hlm. 35. ISBN 978-0-140-26149-3. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Posamentier & Lehmann 2004, hlm. 284 Posamentier, Alfred S.; Lehmann, Ingmar (2004). Pi: A Biography of the World's Most Mysterious Number. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-200-8. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Lambert, Johann, "Mémoire sur quelques propriétés remarquables des quantités transcendantes circulaires et logarithmiques", reprinted in Berggren, Borwein & Borwein 1997, hlm. 129–140 Berggren, Lennart; Borwein, Jonathan; Borwein, Peter (1997). Pi: a Source Book. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-20571-7. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Ramaley, J. F. (Oktober 1969). "Buffon's Noodle Problem". The American Mathematical Monthly. 76 (8): 916–918. doi:10.2307/2317945. JSTOR 2317945. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Posamentier & Lehmann 2004, hlm. 105 Posamentier, Alfred S.; Lehmann, Ingmar (2004). Pi: A Biography of the World's Most Mysterious Number. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-200-8. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Posamentier & Lehmann 2004, hlm. 105–108 Posamentier, Alfred S.; Lehmann, Ingmar (2004). Pi: A Biography of the World's Most Mysterious Number. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-200-8. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Rabinowitz, Stanley; Wagon, Stan (1995). "A spigot algorithm for the digits of Pi". American Mathematical Monthly. 102 (3): 195–203. doi:10.2307/2975006. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Parameter tidak dikenal |month= diabaikan
Bronshteĭn & Semendiaev 1971, hlm. 200, 209 Bronshteĭn, Ilia; Semendiaev, K. A. (1971). A Guide Book to Mathematics. H. Deutsch. ISBN 978-3-871-44095-3. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Bronshteĭn & Semendiaev 1971, hlm. 210–211 Bronshteĭn, Ilia; Semendiaev, K. A. (1971). A Guide Book to Mathematics. H. Deutsch. ISBN 978-3-871-44095-3. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Bronshteĭn & Semendiaev 1971, hlm. 191–192 Bronshteĭn, Ilia; Semendiaev, K. A. (1971). A Guide Book to Mathematics. H. Deutsch. ISBN 978-3-871-44095-3. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Bronshteĭn & Semendiaev 1971, hlm. 190 Bronshteĭn, Ilia; Semendiaev, K. A. (1971). A Guide Book to Mathematics. H. Deutsch. ISBN 978-3-871-44095-3. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Bronshteĭn & Semendiaev 1971, hlm. 106–107, 744, 748 Bronshteĭn, Ilia; Semendiaev, K. A. (1971). A Guide Book to Mathematics. H. Deutsch. ISBN 978-3-871-44095-3. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Keith, Michael; Diana Keith (Februari 17, 2010). Not A Wake: A dream embodying (pi)'s digits fully for 10000 decimals. Vinculum Press. ISBN 978-0963009715.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Gagasan bahwa kolam ini berbentuk heksagonal telah diberikan sebagai penjelasan terhadap disparitas ini. Lihat Borwein, Jonathan M.; Bailey, David H. (2008). Mathematics by Experiment: Plausible Reasoning in the 21st century (Edisi revised 2nd). A. K. Peters. ISBN 978-1-56881-442-1. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid, pp. 103, 136, 137.
Dalam Schepler 1950, hlm. 220: William Oughtred menggunakan huruf $π$ untuk mewakili keliling suatu lingkaran. Schepler, H. C. (1950). "The Chronology of Pi". Mathematics Magazine. 23 (3). Mathematical Association of America: 165–170 (Jan/Feb), 216–228 (Mar/Apr), and 279–283 (May/Jun). doi:10.2307/3029284. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid. issue 3 Jan/Feb, issue 4 Mar/Apr, issue 5 May/Jun
Borwein & Borwein 1987 untuk detail algoritme. Borwein, Jonathan; Borwein, Peter (1987). Pi and the AGM: a Study in Analytic Number Theory and Computational Complexity. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-31515-5. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; Indonesian: 16^th place)

Palmer, Jason (16 September 2010). "Pi record smashed as team finds two-quadrillionth digit". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 26 Maret 2011.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

bellard.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

Bellard, Fabrice, "Computation of 2700 billion decimal digits of Pi using a Desktop Computer", 11 Feb 2010.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Indonesian: 4^th place)

Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 17. Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 8 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 8. Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 5 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 22–23
Preuss, Paul (23 Juli 2001). "Are The Digits of Pi Random? Lab Researcher May Hold The Key". Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-10-20. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2007. {{cite news}}: Parameter tidak dikenal |dead-url= diabaikan (|url-status= disarankan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 22, 28–30 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 3 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 6-7. Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 33. Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 240 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 242 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 167 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 168–169 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 169 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 169, Schepler 1950, hlm. 165 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka. Schepler, H. C. (1950). "The Chronology of Pi". Mathematics Magazine. 23 (3). Mathematical Association of America: 165–170 (Jan/Feb), 216–228 (Mar/Apr), and 279–283 (May/Jun). doi:10.2307/3029284. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid. issue 3 Jan/Feb, issue 4 Mar/Apr, issue 5 May/Jun
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 170 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 175, 205 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 171 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 176 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 15–16, 175, 184–186, 205. Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 176–177 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 177 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 178 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 179 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 180 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 182 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 182–183 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 183 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 185–191 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 185–186 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Joseph 1991, hlm. 264 Joseph, George Gheverghese (1991). The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13526-7. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 188. Newton quoted by Arndt. Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 187 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 188–189 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 189 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 156 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 192–193 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 72–74 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 192–196, 205 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 194–196 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Borwein, J. M.; Borwein, P. B. (1988). "Ramanujan and Pi". Scientific American. 256 (2): 112–117. Bibcode:1988SciAm.258b.112B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0288-112. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 15–17, 70–72, 104, 156, 192–197, 201–202 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 69–72 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 223 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 196 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 165. Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 166 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 205 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 197. See also Reitwiesner 1950. Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka. Reitwiesner, George (1950). "An ENIAC Determination of pi and e to 2000 Decimal Places". Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation. 4 (29): 11–15. doi:10.2307/2002695. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 197 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 15–17 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 131 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 132, 140 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 87 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 111 (5 times); pp. 113–114 (4 times). Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 17. "39 digit $π$ cukup untuk menghitung volume alam semesta sampai dengan taraf atom."
Dengan mempertimbangkan digit tambahan yang diperlukan untuk mengkompensasikan pembulatan, Arndt menyimpulkan bahwa beberapa ratus digit sudah mencukupi untuk perhitungan-perhitungan ilmiah apapun. Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 17–19 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 18 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 103–104 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 104 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 104, 206 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 110–111 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 110–111, 206 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 39 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 39–40 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 43 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 77–84 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 77 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 117, 126–128 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 128. Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 20 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 41–43 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 43 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 44–45 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Ptolemaeus menggunakan pendekatan tiga-digit-seksagesimal, dan Jamshīd al-Kāshī mengembangkan pendekatan ini hingga sembilan digit; lihat Aaboe, Asger (1964), Episodes from the Early History of Mathematics, New Mathematical Library, vol. 13, New York: Random House, hlm. 125.

cadaeic.net (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

Keith, Mike. "Cadaeic Cadenza Notes & Commentary". Diakses tanggal 29 Juli 2009.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

cloud.google.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

Haruka Iwao, Emma (14 Maret 2019). "Pi in the sky: Calculating a record-breaking 31.4 trillion digits of Archimedes' constant on Google Cloud". Google Cloud Platform. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 19 Oktober 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 April 2019.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

comcast.net (Global: 5,430^th place; Indonesian: 3,236^th place)

home.comcast.net

Klebanoff, Aaron (2001). "Pi in the Mandelbrot set" (PDF). Fractals. 9 (4): 393–402. doi:10.1142/S0218348X01000828. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-04-06. Diakses tanggal 14 April 2012. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Parameter tidak dikenal |dead-url= diabaikan (|url-status= disarankan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

comune.palermo.it (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

librarsi.comune.palermo.it

Grienberger, Christoph (1960), Elementa Trigonometrica (PDF) (dalam bahasa Latin) Diarsipkan dari aslinya (PDF) pada tanggal 1 Februari 2014. Pendekatannya adalah 3,14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 4196 < π < 3,14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 4199.

demon.co.uk (Global: 3,126^th place; Indonesian: 6,362^nd place)

legon.demon.co.uk

Legon, J. A. R. (1991). "On Pyramid Dimensions and Proportions". Discussions in Egyptology. 20: 25–34. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2011-07-18. Diakses tanggal 2013-08-06. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Parameter tidak dikenal |dead-url= diabaikan (|url-status= disarankan).

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Indonesian: 2^nd place)

Bailey, David H.; Plouffe, Simon M.; Borwein, Peter B.; Borwein, Jonathan M. (1997). "The quest for PI". The Mathematical Intelligencer. 19 (1): 50–56. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.138.7085. doi:10.1007/BF03024340. ISSN 0343-6993. S2CID 14318695. {{cite journal}}: Kutipan menggunakan parameter usang |citeseerx=
Salikhov, V. (2008). "On the Irrationality Measure of pi". Russian Mathematical Survey. 53 (3): 570. Bibcode:2008RuMaS..63..570S. doi:10.1070/RM2008v063n03ABEH004543. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Murty, M. Ram; Rath, Purusottam (2014). Transcendental Numbers (dalam bahasa Inggris). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0832-5. ISBN 978-1-4939-0831-8.
Waldschmidt, Michel (2021). "Schanuel's Conjecture: algebraic independence of transcendental numbers" (PDF).
Lange, L. J. (1999). "An Elegant Continued Fraction for $π$ ". The American Mathematical Monthly. 106 (5): 456–458. doi:10.2307/2589152. JSTOR 2589152. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Parameter tidak dikenal |month= diabaikan
Kennedy, E. S., "Abu-r-Raihan al-Biruni, 973-1048", Journal for the History of Astronomy, 9: 65, Bibcode:1978JHA.....9...65K, doi:10.1177/002182867800900106.
Petrie, W. M. F. (1925). "Surveys of the Great Pyramids". Nature Journal. 116 (2930): 942–942. Bibcode:1925Natur.116..942P. doi:10.1038/116942a0. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 169, Schepler 1950, hlm. 165 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka. Schepler, H. C. (1950). "The Chronology of Pi". Mathematics Magazine. 23 (3). Mathematical Association of America: 165–170 (Jan/Feb), 216–228 (Mar/Apr), and 279–283 (May/Jun). doi:10.2307/3029284. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid. issue 3 Jan/Feb, issue 4 Mar/Apr, issue 5 May/Jun
Azarian, Mohammad K. (2010). "al-Risāla al-muhītīyya: A Summary". Missouri Journal of Mathematical Sciences. 22 (2): 64–85. doi:10.35834/mjms/1312233136.
Roy 1990, hlm. 101–102 Roy, Ranjan (1990). "The Discovery of the Series Formula for pi by Leibniz, Gregory, and Nilakantha". Mathematics Magazine. 63 (5): 291–306. doi:10.2307/2690896. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Borwein, J. M.; Borwein, P. B. (1988). "Ramanujan and Pi". Scientific American. 256 (2): 112–117. Bibcode:1988SciAm.258b.112B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0288-112. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 15–17, 70–72, 104, 156, 192–197, 201–202 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Borwein, J. M.; Borwein, P. B.; Dilcher, K. (1989). "Pi, Euler Numbers, and Asymptotic Expansions". American Mathematical Monthly. 96 (8): 681–687. doi:10.2307/2324715. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 197. See also Reitwiesner 1950. Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka. Reitwiesner, George (1950). "An ENIAC Determination of pi and e to 2000 Decimal Places". Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation. 4 (29): 11–15. doi:10.2307/2002695. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Ramaley, J. F. (Oktober 1969). "Buffon's Noodle Problem". The American Mathematical Monthly. 76 (8): 916–918. doi:10.2307/2317945. JSTOR 2317945. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Rabinowitz, Stanley; Wagon, Stan (1995). "A spigot algorithm for the digits of Pi". American Mathematical Monthly. 102 (3): 195–203. doi:10.2307/2975006. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Parameter tidak dikenal |month= diabaikan
Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter B.; and Plouffe, Simon (1997). "On the Rapid Computation of Various Polylogarithmic Constants" (PDF). Mathematics of Computation. 66 (218): 903–913. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-97-00856-9. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Parameter tidak dikenal |month= diabaikanPemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: daftar penulis (link)
Klebanoff, Aaron (2001). "Pi in the Mandelbrot set" (PDF). Fractals. 9 (4): 393–402. doi:10.1142/S0218348X01000828. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-04-06. Diakses tanggal 14 April 2012. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Parameter tidak dikenal |dead-url= diabaikan (|url-status= disarankan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Raz, A.; Packard, M. G. (2009). "A slice of pi: An exploratory neuroimaging study of digit encoding and retrieval in a superior memorist". Neurocase. 15: 361–372. doi:10.1080/13554790902776896. PMID 19585350. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Dalam Schepler 1950, hlm. 220: William Oughtred menggunakan huruf $π$ untuk mewakili keliling suatu lingkaran. Schepler, H. C. (1950). "The Chronology of Pi". Mathematics Magazine. 23 (3). Mathematical Association of America: 165–170 (Jan/Feb), 216–228 (Mar/Apr), and 279–283 (May/Jun). doi:10.2307/3029284. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid. issue 3 Jan/Feb, issue 4 Mar/Apr, issue 5 May/Jun

free.fr (Global: 283^rd place; Indonesian: 1,405^th place)

fabrice.bellard.free.fr

Bellards formula in: Bellard, Fabrice. "A new formula to compute the n^th binary digit of pi". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-09-12. Diakses tanggal 27 Oktober 2007. {{cite web}}: Parameter tidak dikenal |dead-url= diabaikan (|url-status= disarankan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

google.co.uk (Global: 1,519^th place; Indonesian: 3,202^nd place)

books.google.co.uk

James A. Arieti, Patrick A. Wilson (2003). The Scientific & the Divine. Rowman & Littlefield. hlm. 9–10. ISBN 9780742513976. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
Untuk sederetan penjelasan mengenai bentuk piramida yang tak melibatkan $π$ , lihat Roger Herz-Fischler (2000). The Shape of the Great Pyramid. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. hlm. 67–77, 165–166. ISBN 9780889203242. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid

gsu.edu (Global: 2,981^st place; Indonesian: 1,184^th place)

hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

Nave, C. Rod (28 Juni 2005). "Coulomb's Constant". HyperPhysics. Georgia State University. Diakses tanggal 9 November 2007.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

guinnessworldrecords.com (Global: 873^rd place; Indonesian: 810^th place)

"Most Pi Places Memorized", Guinness World Records.

imj-prg.fr (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

webusers.imj-prg.fr

Murty, M. Ram; Rath, Purusottam (2014). Transcendental Numbers (dalam bahasa Inggris). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0832-5. ISBN 978-1-4939-0831-8.
Waldschmidt, Michel (2021). "Schanuel's Conjecture: algebraic independence of transcendental numbers" (PDF).

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; Indonesian: 85^th place)

"The Big Question: How close have we come to knowing the precise value of pi?". The Independent. 8 Januari 2010. Diakses tanggal 14 April 2012.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407^th place; Indonesian: 243^rd place)

Otake, Tomoko (17 Desember 2006). "How can anyone remember 100,000 numbers?". The Japan Times. Diakses tanggal 27 Oktober 2007.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; Indonesian: 38^th place)

Lange, L. J. (1999). "An Elegant Continued Fraction for $π$ ". The American Mathematical Monthly. 106 (5): 456–458. doi:10.2307/2589152. JSTOR 2589152. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Parameter tidak dikenal |month= diabaikan
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 169, Schepler 1950, hlm. 165 Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka. Schepler, H. C. (1950). "The Chronology of Pi". Mathematics Magazine. 23 (3). Mathematical Association of America: 165–170 (Jan/Feb), 216–228 (Mar/Apr), and 279–283 (May/Jun). doi:10.2307/3029284. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid. issue 3 Jan/Feb, issue 4 Mar/Apr, issue 5 May/Jun
Ramaley, J. F. (Oktober 1969). "Buffon's Noodle Problem". The American Mathematical Monthly. 76 (8): 916–918. doi:10.2307/2317945. JSTOR 2317945. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Dalam Schepler 1950, hlm. 220: William Oughtred menggunakan huruf $π$ untuk mewakili keliling suatu lingkaran. Schepler, H. C. (1950). "The Chronology of Pi". Mathematics Magazine. 23 (3). Mathematical Association of America: 165–170 (Jan/Feb), 216–228 (Mar/Apr), and 279–283 (May/Jun). doi:10.2307/3029284. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid. issue 3 Jan/Feb, issue 4 Mar/Apr, issue 5 May/Jun

lbl.gov (Global: 3,154^th place; Indonesian: 2,451^st place)

crd-legacy.lbl.gov

Bailey, David H. (16 Mei 2003). "Some Background on Kanada's Recent Pi Calculation" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 12 April 2012.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter B.; and Plouffe, Simon (1997). "On the Rapid Computation of Various Polylogarithmic Constants" (PDF). Mathematics of Computation. 66 (218): 903–913. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-97-00856-9. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Parameter tidak dikenal |month= diabaikanPemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: daftar penulis (link)

lbl.gov

Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 22–23
Preuss, Paul (23 Juli 2001). "Are The Digits of Pi Random? Lab Researcher May Hold The Key". Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-10-20. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2007. {{cite news}}: Parameter tidak dikenal |dead-url= diabaikan (|url-status= disarankan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.

mathworks.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: 4,933^rd place)

"The Computation of Pi by Archimedes: The Computation of Pi by Archimedes–File Exchange–MATLAB Central". Mathworks.com. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-12.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Indonesian: 6^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Raz, A.; Packard, M. G. (2009). "A slice of pi: An exploratory neuroimaging study of digit encoding and retrieval in a superior memorist". Neurocase. 15: 361–372. doi:10.1080/13554790902776896. PMID 19585350. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid

numberworld.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"Round 2... 10 Trillion Digits of Pi", NumberWorld.org, 17 Oct 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2012.

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541^st place; Indonesian: 526^th place)

cs.ox.ac.uk

Gibbons, Jeremy, "Unbounded Spigot Algorithms for the Digits of Pi", 2005. Gibbons produced an improved version of Wagon's algorithm.

pi2e.ch (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"π^e trillion digits of π". pi2e.ch. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 6 Desember 2016.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

plouffe.fr (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

Plouffe, Simon (April 2006). "Identities inspired by Ramanujan's Notebooks (part 2)" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 10 April 2009.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; Indonesian: 372^nd place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Bailey, David H.; Plouffe, Simon M.; Borwein, Peter B.; Borwein, Jonathan M. (1997). "The quest for PI". The Mathematical Intelligencer. 19 (1): 50–56. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.138.7085. doi:10.1007/BF03024340. ISSN 0343-6993. S2CID 14318695. {{cite journal}}: Kutipan menggunakan parameter usang |citeseerx=

sabda.org (Global: 2,855^th place; Indonesian: 28^th place)

alkitab.sabda.org

Ayat tersebut adalah 1 Kings:7:23-NKJV dan 2 Chronicles:4:2-NKJV

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; Indonesian: 26^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Bailey, David H.; Plouffe, Simon M.; Borwein, Peter B.; Borwein, Jonathan M. (1997). "The quest for PI". The Mathematical Intelligencer. 19 (1): 50–56. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.138.7085. doi:10.1007/BF03024340. ISSN 0343-6993. S2CID 14318695. {{cite journal}}: Kutipan menggunakan parameter usang |citeseerx=

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; Indonesian: 240^th place)

link.springer.com

Murty, M. Ram; Rath, Purusottam (2014). Transcendental Numbers (dalam bahasa Inggris). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0832-5. ISBN 978-1-4939-0831-8.
Waldschmidt, Michel (2021). "Schanuel's Conjecture: algebraic independence of transcendental numbers" (PDF).

st-and.ac.uk (Global: 4,765^th place; Indonesian: 1,948^th place)

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O’Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. (1999). "Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Mas'ud al-Kashi". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Diakses tanggal Augustus 11, 2012. {{cite web}}: Parameter tidak dikenal |separator= diabaikan; Periksa nilai tanggal dalam: |accessdate=Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: daftar penulis (link)

uoregon.edu (Global: 3,189^th place; Indonesian: 3,606^th place)

zebu.uoregon.edu

Imamura, James M (17 Agustus 2005). "Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle". University of Oregon. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-10-12. Diakses tanggal 9 September 2007. {{cite web}}: Parameter tidak dikenal |dead-url= diabaikan (|url-status= disarankan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Indonesian: 1^st place)

"π^e trillion digits of π". pi2e.ch. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 6 Desember 2016.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Haruka Iwao, Emma (14 Maret 2019). "Pi in the sky: Calculating a record-breaking 31.4 trillion digits of Archimedes' constant on Google Cloud". Google Cloud Platform. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 19 Oktober 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 April 2019.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Baltzer, Richard (1870). Die Elemente der Mathematik [The Elements of Mathematics] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Hirzel. hlm. 195. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 14 September 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Arndt & Haenel 2006, hlm. 22–23
Preuss, Paul (23 Juli 2001). "Are The Digits of Pi Random? Lab Researcher May Hold The Key". Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-10-20. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2007. {{cite news}}: Parameter tidak dikenal |dead-url= diabaikan (|url-status= disarankan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-05. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
Legon, J. A. R. (1991). "On Pyramid Dimensions and Proportions". Discussions in Egyptology. 20: 25–34. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2011-07-18. Diakses tanggal 2013-08-06. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Parameter tidak dikenal |dead-url= diabaikan (|url-status= disarankan).
Grienberger, Christoph (1960), Elementa Trigonometrica (PDF) (dalam bahasa Latin) Diarsipkan dari aslinya (PDF) pada tanggal 1 Februari 2014. Pendekatannya adalah 3,14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 4196 < π < 3,14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 4199.
Bellards formula in: Bellard, Fabrice. "A new formula to compute the n^th binary digit of pi". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-09-12. Diakses tanggal 27 Oktober 2007. {{cite web}}: Parameter tidak dikenal |dead-url= diabaikan (|url-status= disarankan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Imamura, James M (17 Agustus 2005). "Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle". University of Oregon. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-10-12. Diakses tanggal 9 September 2007. {{cite web}}: Parameter tidak dikenal |dead-url= diabaikan (|url-status= disarankan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

webcitation.org (Global: 25^th place; Indonesian: 33^rd place)

Klebanoff, Aaron (2001). "Pi in the Mandelbrot set" (PDF). Fractals. 9 (4): 393–402. doi:10.1142/S0218348X01000828. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-04-06. Diakses tanggal 14 April 2012. {{cite journal}}: |ref=harv tidak valid; Parameter tidak dikenal |dead-url= diabaikan (|url-status= disarankan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

wolfram.com (Global: 1,091^st place; Indonesian: 653^rd place)

mathworld.wolfram.com

Weisstein, Eric W. "Lindemann-Weierstrass Theorem". MathWorld.
(Inggris) Weisstein, Eric W. "Semicircle". MathWorld.
(Inggris) Weisstein, Eric W. "Cauchy Integral Formula". MathWorld.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Indonesian: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Bailey, David H.; Plouffe, Simon M.; Borwein, Peter B.; Borwein, Jonathan M. (1997). "The quest for PI". The Mathematical Intelligencer. 19 (1): 50–56. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.138.7085. doi:10.1007/BF03024340. ISSN 0343-6993. S2CID 14318695. {{cite journal}}: Kutipan menggunakan parameter usang |citeseerx=

Pi (Indonesian Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; Indonesian: 19th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

ams.org (Global: 434th place; Indonesian: 517th place)

mathscinet.ams.org

archive.org (Global: 6th place; Indonesian: 3rd place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; Indonesian: 16th place)

bellard.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; Indonesian: 4th place)

cadaeic.net (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

cloud.google.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

comcast.net (Global: 5,430th place; Indonesian: 3,236th place)

home.comcast.net

comune.palermo.it (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

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demon.co.uk (Global: 3,126th place; Indonesian: 6,362nd place)

legon.demon.co.uk

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; Indonesian: 2nd place)

free.fr (Global: 283rd place; Indonesian: 1,405th place)

fabrice.bellard.free.fr

google.co.uk (Global: 1,519th place; Indonesian: 3,202nd place)

books.google.co.uk

gsu.edu (Global: 2,981st place; Indonesian: 1,184th place)

hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

guinnessworldrecords.com (Global: 873rd place; Indonesian: 810th place)

imj-prg.fr (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

webusers.imj-prg.fr

independent.co.uk (Global: 46th place; Indonesian: 85th place)

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407th place; Indonesian: 243rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; Indonesian: 38th place)

lbl.gov (Global: 3,154th place; Indonesian: 2,451st place)

crd-legacy.lbl.gov

lbl.gov

mathworks.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: 4,933rd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; Indonesian: 6th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

numberworld.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541st place; Indonesian: 526th place)

cs.ox.ac.uk

pi2e.ch (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

plouffe.fr (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

psu.edu (Global: 299th place; Indonesian: 372nd place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

sabda.org (Global: 2,855th place; Indonesian: 28th place)

alkitab.sabda.org

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; Indonesian: 26th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

springer.com (Global: 182nd place; Indonesian: 240th place)

link.springer.com

st-and.ac.uk (Global: 4,765th place; Indonesian: 1,948th place)

www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk

uoregon.edu (Global: 3,189th place; Indonesian: 3,606th place)

zebu.uoregon.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; Indonesian: 1st place)

webcitation.org (Global: 25th place; Indonesian: 33rd place)

wolfram.com (Global: 1,091st place; Indonesian: 653rd place)

mathworld.wolfram.com

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; Indonesian: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Indonesian: 19^th place)

ams.org (Global: 434^th place; Indonesian: 517^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Indonesian: 3^rd place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; Indonesian: 16^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Indonesian: 4^th place)

comcast.net (Global: 5,430^th place; Indonesian: 3,236^th place)

demon.co.uk (Global: 3,126^th place; Indonesian: 6,362^nd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Indonesian: 2^nd place)

free.fr (Global: 283^rd place; Indonesian: 1,405^th place)

google.co.uk (Global: 1,519^th place; Indonesian: 3,202^nd place)

gsu.edu (Global: 2,981^st place; Indonesian: 1,184^th place)

guinnessworldrecords.com (Global: 873^rd place; Indonesian: 810^th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; Indonesian: 85^th place)

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407^th place; Indonesian: 243^rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; Indonesian: 38^th place)

lbl.gov (Global: 3,154^th place; Indonesian: 2,451^st place)

mathworks.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: 4,933^rd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Indonesian: 6^th place)

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541^st place; Indonesian: 526^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; Indonesian: 372^nd place)

sabda.org (Global: 2,855^th place; Indonesian: 28^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; Indonesian: 26^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; Indonesian: 240^th place)

st-and.ac.uk (Global: 4,765^th place; Indonesian: 1,948^th place)

uoregon.edu (Global: 3,189^th place; Indonesian: 3,606^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Indonesian: 1^st place)

webcitation.org (Global: 25^th place; Indonesian: 33^rd place)

wolfram.com (Global: 1,091^st place; Indonesian: 653^rd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Indonesian: 5^th place)