Sunat (Indonesian Wikipedia)

"Neonatal Circumcision". American Academy of Family Physicians. 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 21 Juli 2015. Diakses tanggal 3 Agustus 2015.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; Indonesian: 107^th place)

Soukopova J (Agustus 2017). "Central Saharan rock art: Considering the kettles and cupules". Journal of Arid Environments. 143: 12. Bibcode:2017JArEn.143...10S. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.12.011. S2CID 132225521. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 7 November 2021. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Indonesian: 19^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Soukopova J (Agustus 2017). "Central Saharan rock art: Considering the kettles and cupules". Journal of Arid Environments. 143: 12. Bibcode:2017JArEn.143...10S. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.12.011. S2CID 132225521. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 7 November 2021. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Uthman OA, Popoola TA, Uthman MM, Aremu O (Maret 2010). Van Baal PH (ed.). "Economic evaluations of adult male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review". PLOS ONE. 5 (3) e9628. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9628U. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009628. PMC 2835757. PMID 20224784.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

africanews.com (Global: 2,572^nd place; Indonesian: 2,792^nd place)

Nga, Armelle (30 Desember 2019). "The Ritual of Circumcision in Africa: The Case of South Africa". Africanews. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 6 Desember 2022. Diakses tanggal 8 November 2022. This practice is old and widespread among African Christians with very close links to their beliefs. It can be executed traditionally or in hospital.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

apnews.com (Global: 101^st place; Indonesian: 200^th place)

"Circumcision protest brought to Florence". Associated Press. 30 Maret 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 26 Maret 2023. Diakses tanggal 2 Agustus 2022. However, the practice is still common among Christians in the United States, Oceania, South Korea, the Philippines, the Middle East and Africa. Some Middle Eastern Christians actually view the procedure as a rite of passage.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Indonesian: 3^rd place)

Gable L, Gamharter K, Gostin L, Hodge Jr J, Puymbroeck R (2007). "1.12 Male Circumcision". Legal Aspects of HIV/AIDS: A Guide for Policy and Law Reform. World Bank Publications. hlm. 38–39. ISBN 978-0-8213-7105-3.
Mark E (2003). "Frojmovic/Travelers to the Circumcision". The Covenant of Circumcision: New Perspectives on an Ancient Jewish Rite. Brandeis University Press. hlm. 141. ISBN 978-1-58465-307-3. Circumcision became the single most important commandment... the one without which... no Jew could attain the world to come.
Stearns PN (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World. Oxford University Press. hlm. 179. ISBN 978-0-19-517632-2. Uniformly practiced by Jews, Muslims, and the members of Coptic, Ethiopian, and Eritrean Orthodox Churches, male circumcision remains prevalent in many regions of the world, particularly Africa, South and East Asia, Oceania, and Anglosphere countries.
Pinto K (Agustus 2012). "Circumcision controversies". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 59 (4): 977–986. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.05.015. PMID 22857844.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Albero G, Castellsagué X, Giuliano AR, Bosch FX (Februari 2012). "Male circumcision and genital human papillomavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 39 (2): 104–113. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182387abd. PMID 22249298. S2CID 26859788.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Morris BJ, Wiswell TE (Juni 2013). "Circumcision and lifetime risk of urinary tract infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis". The Journal of Urology. 189 (6): 2118–2124. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.114. PMID 23201382.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
McNutt PM (1999). Reconstructing the Society of Ancient Israel. Westminster John Knox Press. hlm. 41. ISBN 978-0-664-22265-9. Abraham patriarchal known history.
Jacobs A (2012). Christ Circumcised: A Study in Early Christian History and Difference. United States: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0651-7.
Johan E (2010). Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road (Edisi illustrated). University of Pennsylvania Press. hlm. 228. ISBN 978-0-8122-4237-9. Diakses tanggal 28 Juni 2010.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Darby R (2005). A surgical temptation: the demonization of the foreskin and the rise of circumcision in Britain. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. hlm. 262–. ISBN 978-0-226-13645-5.
Matthew HC (2004). Oxford dictionary of national biography: in association with the British Academy: from the earliest times to the year 2000. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861411-1.
Darby R (Spring 2003). "The Masturbation Taboo and the Rise of Routine Male Circumcision: A Review of the Historiography". Journal of Social History. 36 (3): 737–757. doi:10.1353/jsh.2003.0047. JSTOR 3790737. S2CID 72536074.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Laumann EO, Masi CM, Zuckerman EW (April 1997). "Circumcision in the United States. Prevalence, prophylactic effects, and sexual practice". JAMA. 277 (13): 1052–1057. doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540370042034. PMID 9091693.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Gairdner D (Desember 1949). "The fate of the foreskin, a study of circumcision". British Medical Journal. 2 (4642): 1433–7, illust. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4642.1433. PMC 2051968. PMID 15408299.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
al-Sabbagh, Muhammad Lutfi (1996). Islamic ruling on male and female circumcision. World Health Organization. hlm. 16. ISBN 978-92-9021-216-4.
Levine A, Zvi Brettler M (2017). The Jewish Annotated New Testament. Oxford University Press. hlm. 673. With rare exceptions (e.g. matters of health), Judaism requires circumcision for all male children on their eighth day of birth.
Mark E (2003). The Covenant of Circumcision: New Perspectives on an Ancient Jewish Rite. Brandeis University Press. hlm. xxiii. ISBN 978-1-58465-307-3.
Sharkey HJ (2015). American Evangelicals in Egypt: Missionary Encounters in an Age of Empire. Princeton University Press. hlm. 30. ISBN 978-0-691-16810-4.
DeMello M (2007). Encyclopedia of Body Adornment. ABC-Clio. hlm. 66. ISBN 978-0-313-33695-9. Coptic Christians, Ethiopian Orthodox, and Eritrean Orthodox churches on the other hand, do observe the ordainment, and circumcise their sons anywhere from the first week of life to the first few years.
Wylie KR (2015). ABC of Sexual Health. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 101. ISBN 978-1-118-66569-5. Although it is mostly common and required in male newborns with Moslem or Jewish backgrounds, certain Christian-dominant countries such as the United States also practice it commonly.
Bakos GT (2011). On Faith, Rationality, and the Other in the Late Middle Ages:: A Study of Nicholas of Cusa's Manuductive Approach to Islam. Wipf and Stock Publishers. hlm. 228. ISBN 978-1-60608-342-0. Although it is stated that circumcision is not a sacrament necessary for salvation, this rite is accepted for the Ethiopian Jacobites and other Middle Eastern Christians.
Sharkey HJ (2017). A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 63. ISBN 978-0-521-76937-2. On the Coptic Christian practice of male circumcision in Egypt, and on its practice by other Christians in western Asia.
Jacobs D (1998). Israel and the Palestinian Territories: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. hlm. 147. ISBN 978-1-85828-248-0. Circumcision is not compulsory and has no religious significance.
Dana N (2003). The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 56. ISBN 978-1-903900-36-9.
Brenton RB (2013). The Sunni-Shi'a Divide: Islam's Internal Divisions and Their Global Consequences. Potomac Books, Inc. hlm. 56. ISBN 978-1-61234-523-9. There are many references to the Druze refusal to observe this common Muslim practice, one of the earliest being the rediscoverer of the ruins of Petra, John Burckhardt. "The Druses do not circumcise their children
Deutsch N (1999). Guardians of the Gate: Angelic Vice-regency in the Late Antiquity. BRILL. hlm. 105. ISBN 978-90-04-10909-4.
Parry OH (1895). "Six months in a Syrian monastery; being the record of a visit to the head quarters of the Syrian church in Mesopotamia, with some account of the Yazidis or devil worshippers of Mosul and El Jilwah, their sacred book". London : H. Cox.
Feuerstein, Georg (1998). Tantra: the path of ecstasy. Random House. hlm. 230. ISBN 1-57062-304-X.
Feuerstein, Georg (2011). The Encyclopedia of Yoga and Tantra. Shambhala Publications. hlm. 384. ISBN 978-1-59030-879-0.
Motoyama, Hiroshi (2003). Theories of the Chakras: bridge to higher consciousness. New Age Books. hlm. 136–137, 164, 187. ISBN 978-81-7822-023-9.
Gressgård R (2012). Multicultural Dialogue: Dilemmas, Paradoxes, Conflicts. Berghahn Books. hlm. 7, 94. ISBN 978-0-85745-648-9.

auanet.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

American Urological Association. "Circumcision". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 25 Agustus 2013. Diakses tanggal 2 November 2008.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

avac.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"Clearinghouse on Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention Redesigned". AVAC. Mei 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Maret 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 Maret 2017.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

beritmila.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"Berit Mila Program of Reform Judaism". 7 Oktober 2013. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 7 Oktober 2013. Diakses tanggal 20 Juli 2022.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

bl.uk (Global: 1,181^st place; Indonesian: 1,247^th place)

Abulafia AS (23 September 2019). "The Abrahamic religions". www.bl.uk. London: British Library. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Juli 2020. Diakses tanggal 9 Maret 2021.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Indonesian: 4^th place)

Hay W, Levin M (25 Juni 2012). Current Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics 21/E. McGraw Hill Professional. hlm. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-07-177971-5. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Rudolph C, Rudolph A, Lister G, First L, Gershon A (18 Maret 2011). Rudolph's Pediatrics (Edisi 22nd). McGraw-Hill Companies, Incorporated. hlm. 188. ISBN 978-0-07-149723-7. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Caga-anan EC, Thomas AJ, Diekema DS, Mercurio MR, Adam MR (8 September 2011). Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics: A Case-Based Textbook. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 43. ISBN 978-0-521-17361-2. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wolter C, Dmochowski R (2008). "Circumcision". Handbook of Office Urological Procedures. Springer. hlm. 88–. ISBN 978-1-84628-523-3. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Gollaher D (Februari 2001). "Chapter 1: The Jewish Tradition". Circumcision: A History of the World's Most Controversial Surgery. Basic Books. hlm. 1–30. ISBN 978-0-465-02653-1. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Gollaher D (Februari 2001). "Chapter 2: Christians and Muslims". Circumcision: A History of the World's Most Controversial Surgery. Basic Books. hlm. 31–52. ISBN 978-0-465-02653-1. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Gollaher D (Februari 2001). "Chapter 3: Symbolic Wounds". Circumcision: A History of the World's Most Controversial Surgery. Basic Books. hlm. 53–72. ISBN 978-0-465-02653-1. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Gollaher D (Februari 2001). "Chapter 4: From Ritual to Science". Circumcision: A History of the World's Most Controversial Surgery. Basic Books. hlm. 73–108. ISBN 978-0-465-02653-1. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Bolnick, David A.; Koyle, Martin; Yosha, Assaf, ed. (2012). Surgical Guide to Circumcision. Springer Science & Business Media. hlm. xxi. ISBN 978-1-4471-2857-1.
Clark M (10 Maret 2011). Islam For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 170. ISBN 978-1-118-05396-6. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Riggs T (2006). "Christianity: Coptic Christianity". Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices: Religions and denominations. Thomson Gale. ISBN 978-0-7876-6612-5. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Obeid A (2006). The Druze & Their Faith in Tawhid. Syracuse University Press. hlm. 1. ISBN 978-0-8156-5257-1.
Cox, Guy; Morris, Brian J. (2012). "Why Circumcision: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century". Dalam Bolnick, David A.; Koyle, Martin; Yosha, Assaf (ed.). Surgical Guide to Circumcision. Springer Science & Business Media. hlm. 251. ISBN 978-1-4471-2857-1. The traditions of Hinduism prohibit circumcision, and even any interference with a tight foreskin.
Cox, Guy; Morris, Brian J. (2012). "Why Circumcision: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century". Dalam Bolnick, David A.; Koyle, Martin; Yosha, Assaf (ed.). Surgical Guide to Circumcision. Springer Science & Business Media. hlm. 251. ISBN 978-1-4471-2857-1.
Zirkumzision nach Dieffenbach. Diarsipkan 2 September 2022 di Wayback Machine. (vgl. Schumpelick u. a., S. 434 ff.)

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; Indonesian: 192^nd place)

stacks.cdc.gov

"Background, Methods, and Synthesis of Scientific Information Used to Inform "Information for Providers to Share with Male Patients and Parents Regarding Male Circumcision and the Prevention of HIV Infection, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and other Health Outcomes"". stacks.cdc.gov. 22 Agustus 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 22 Oktober 2023. Diakses tanggal 12 Oktober 2023.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

cdc.gov

"STD facts – Human papillomavirus (HPV)". CDC. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 11 September 2012. Diakses tanggal 12 September 2012.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

channelnewsasia.com (Global: 1,005^th place; Indonesian: 335^th place)

"'Circumcision season': Philippine rite puts boys under pressure". Channel News Asia. Agence France-Presse. 19 Juni 2019. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 20 Juni 2019. Diakses tanggal 20 Juni 2019.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

cps.ca (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"Newborn male circumcision". Canadian Paediatric Society. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 11 April 2023. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2023.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Sorokan ST, Finlay JC, Jefferies AL (8 September 2015). "Newborn male circumcision". Paediatrics & Child Health. 20 (6): 311–320. doi:10.1093/pch/20.6.311. PMC 4578472. PMID 26435672. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Indonesian: 2^nd place)

American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Circumcision (September 2012). "Male circumcision". Pediatrics. 130 (3): e756–e785. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1990. PMID 22926175.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Yuan T, Fitzpatrick T, Ko NY, Cai Y, Chen Y, Zhao J, Li L, Xu J, Gu J, Li J, Hao C, Yang Z, Cai W, Cheng CY, Luo Z, Zhang K, Wu G, Meng X, Grulich AE, Hao Y, Zou H (April 2019). "Circumcision to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data". The Lancet. Global Health (Mata-analysis). 7 (4): e436–e447. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30567-9. PMC 7779827. PMID 30879508.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Larke N, Thomas SL, Dos Santos Silva I, Weiss HA (November 2011). "Male circumcision and human papillomavirus infection in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 204 (9): 1375–1390. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir523. PMID 21965090.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Sharma, Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar; Hokello, Joseph; Tyagi, Mudit (25 Juni 2021). "Circumcision as an Intervening Strategy against HIV Acquisition in the Male Genital Tract". Pathogens. 10 (7): 806. doi:10.3390/pathogens10070806. ISSN 2076-0817. PMC 8308621. PMID 34201976.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Siegfried N, Muller M, Deeks JJ, Volmink J (April 2009). Siegfried N (ed.). "Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013 (2) CD003362. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003362.pub2. PMC 11666075. PMID 19370585.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Thomas A, Necchi A, Muneer A, Tobias-Machado M, Tran AT, Van Rompuy AS, Spiess PE, Albersen M (Februari 2021). "Penile cancer". Nature Reviews. Disease Primers (Review). 7 (1) 11. doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00246-5. PMID 33574340. S2CID 231877615.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Weiss HA, Larke N, Halperin D, Schenker I (Februari 2010). "Complications of circumcision in male neonates, infants and children: a systematic review". BMC Urology. 10 2. doi:10.1186/1471-2490-10-2. PMC 2835667. PMID 20158883.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Jacobs M, Grady R, Bolnick DA (2012). "Current Circumcision Trends and Guidelines". Dalam Bolnick DA, Koyle M, Yosha A (ed.). Surgical Guide to Circumcision. London: Springer. hlm. 3–8, 255–257. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2858-8_1. ISBN 978-1-4471-2857-1. Outside of strategic regions in sub-Saharan Africa, no call for routine circumcision has been made by any established medical organizations or governmental bodies. Positions on circumcision include "some medical benefit/parental choice" in the United States, "no medical benefit/parental choice" in Great Britain, and "no medical benefit/physical and psychological trauma/parental choice" in the Netherlands.
Morris, Brian J.; Wamai, Richard G.; Henebeng, Esther B.; Tobian, Aaron Ar; Klausner, Jeffrey D.; Banerjee, Joya; Hankins, Catherine A. (2016). "Estimation of country-specific and global prevalence of male circumcision". Population Health Metrics. 14 4. doi:10.1186/s12963-016-0073-5. ISSN 1478-7954. PMC 4772313. PMID 26933388.
Doyle D (Oktober 2005). "Ritual male circumcision: a brief history" (PDF). The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 35 (3): 279–285. doi:10.1177/1478271520053503005. PMID 16402509. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 14 Maret 2023. Diakses tanggal 16 Januari 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Alanis MC, Lucidi RS (Mei 2004). "Neonatal circumcision: a review of the world's oldest and most controversial operation". Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 59 (5): 379–395. doi:10.1097/00006254-200405000-00026. PMID 15097799. S2CID 25226185.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Morris, Brian J.; Wamai, Richard G.; Henebeng, Esther B.; Tobian, Aaron AR; Klausner, Jeffrey D.; Banerjee, Joya; Hankins, Catherine A. (2016-03-01). "Estimation of country-specific and global prevalence of male circumcision". Population Health Metrics. 14 (1) 4: 1–13. doi:10.1186/s12963-016-0073-5. ISSN 1478-7954. PMC 4772313. PMID 26933388.
Marrazzo JM, del Rio C, Holtgrave DR, Cohen MS, Kalichman SC, Mayer KH, Montaner JS, Wheeler DP, Grant RM, Grinsztejn B, Kumarasamy N, Shoptaw S, Walensky RP, Dabis F, Sugarman J, Benson CA (23–30 Jul 2014). "HIV prevention in clinical care settings: 2014 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel". JAMA. 312 (4): 390–409. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.7999. PMC 6309682. PMID 25038358.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Pinto K (Agustus 2012). "Circumcision controversies". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 59 (4): 977–986. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.05.015. PMID 22857844.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Press B, Jalfon M, Solomon D, Hittelman AB (Juli 2024). "Clinical and environmental considerations for neonatal, office-based circumcisions compared with operative circumcisions". Frontiers in Urology. 4 1380154. doi:10.3389/fruro.2024.1380154. ISSN 2673-9828. PMC 12327250. PMID 40777091. Neonatal circumcision is supported by both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) due to the belief that the health benefits outweigh the minimal risk of the procedure.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Perera CL, Bridgewater FH, Thavaneswaran P, Maddern GJ (2010). "Safety and efficacy of nontherapeutic male circumcision: a systematic review". Annals of Family Medicine. 8 (1): 64–72. doi:10.1370/afm.1073. PMC 2807391. PMID 20065281.
Lönnqvist PA (September 2010). "Regional anaesthesia and analgesia in the neonate". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology. 24 (3): 309–321. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2010.02.012. PMID 21033009.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Zhu YP, Jia ZW, Dai B, Ye DW, Kong YY, Chang K, Wang Y (8 Maret 2016). "Relationship between circumcision and human papillomavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Asian Journal of Andrology. 19 (1): 125–131. doi:10.4103/1008-682X.175092. PMC 5227661. PMID 26975489.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Albero G, Castellsagué X, Giuliano AR, Bosch FX (Februari 2012). "Male circumcision and genital human papillomavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 39 (2): 104–113. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182387abd. PMID 22249298. S2CID 26859788.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Weiss HA, Thomas SL, Munabi SK, Hayes RJ (April 2006). "Male circumcision and risk of syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 82 (2): 101–9, discussion 110. doi:10.1136/sti.2005.017442. PMC 2653870. PMID 16581731.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wetmore CM, Manhart LE, Wasserheit JN (April 2010). "Randomized controlled trials of interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections: learning from the past to plan for the future". Epidemiologic Reviews. 32 (1): 121–136. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxq010. PMC 2912604. PMID 20519264.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Templeton DJ, Millett GA, Grulich AE (Februari 2010). "Male circumcision to reduce the risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 23 (1): 45–52. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328334e54d. PMID 19935420. S2CID 43878584.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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Moreno G, Ramirez C, Corbalán J, Peñaloza B, Morel Marambio M, Pantoja T (Januari 2024). "Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1) CD008973. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008973.pub3. PMC 10809033. PMID 38269441.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Celis S, Reed F, Murphy F, Adams S, Gillick J, Abdelhafeez AH, Lopez PJ (Februari 2014). "Balanitis xerotica obliterans in children and adolescents: a literature review and clinical series". Journal of Pediatric Urology. 10 (1): 34–39. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.09.027. PMID 24295833.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Krill AJ, Palmer LS, Palmer JS (2011). "Complications of circumcision". TheScientificWorldJournal. 11: 2458–2468. doi:10.1100/2011/373829. PMC 3253617. PMID 22235177.
Aridogan IA, Izol V, Ilkit M (Agustus 2011). "Superficial fungal infections of the male genitalia: a review". Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 37 (3): 237–244. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2011.572862. PMID 21668404. S2CID 31957918.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Ottenhof SR, Bleeker MC, Heideman, DA, Snijders PJ, Meijer CJ, Horenblas S (2016). "Etiology of Penile Cancer". Dalam Muneer A, Horenblas S (ed.). Textbook of Penile Cancer (Edisi 2nd). Springer. hlm. 11–15. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33220-8_2. ISBN 978-3-319-33220-8.
Larke NL, Thomas SL, dos Santos Silva I, Weiss HA (Agustus 2011). "Male circumcision and penile cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Cancer Causes & Control. 22 (8): 1097–1110. doi:10.1007/s10552-011-9785-9. PMC 3139859. PMID 21695385.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Morris BJ, Wiswell TE (Juni 2013). "Circumcision and lifetime risk of urinary tract infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis". The Journal of Urology. 189 (6): 2118–2124. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.114. PMID 23201382.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Jagannath VA, Fedorowicz Z, Sud V, Verma AK, Hajebrahimi S (November 2012). Fedorowicz Z (ed.). "Routine neonatal circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infections in infancy". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (5) CD009129. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009129.pub2. PMC 12186870. PMID 23152269.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Giona S (September 12, 2022). "The Epidemiology of Penile Cancer". Urologic Cancers. Exon Publications. hlm. 131–139. doi:10.36255/exon-publications-urologic-cancers-epidemiology-penile-cancer. ISBN 978-0-6453320-5-6. PMID 36343135. Diakses tanggal Oktober 30, 2025.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Pabalan, N.; Singian, E.; Jarjanazi, H.; Paganini-Hill, A. (2015-07-28). "Association of male circumcision with risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis". Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (dalam bahasa Inggris). 18 (4): 352–357. doi:10.1038/pcan.2015.34. ISSN 1476-5608. PMID 26215783 – via Nature.
Grund JM, Bryant TS, Jackson I, Curran K, Bock N, Toledo C, Taliano J, Zhou S, Del Campo JM, Yang L, Kivumbi A, Li P, Pals S, Davis SM (November 2017). "Association between male circumcision and women's biomedical health outcomes: a systematic review". The Lancet. Global Health. 5 (11): e1113–e1122. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30369-8. PMC 5728090. PMID 29025633.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Bañuelos Marco B, García Heil JL (Maret 2021). "Circumcision in childhood and male sexual function: a blessing or a curse?". International Journal of Impotence Research. 33 (2): 139–148. doi:10.1038/s41443-020-00354-y. PMC 7985026. PMID 32994555.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Laporan Teknis" (2012) dari Satuan Tugas Akademi Pediatri Amerika tentang Sirkumsisi membahas fungsi seksual, sensitivitas, dan kepuasan tanpa kualifikasi berdasarkan usia sirkumsisi. Sadeghi-Nejad et al. "Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual function" (2010) membahas sirkumsisi dewasa dan fungsi seksual. Doyle et al. "The Impact of Male Circumcision on HIV Transmission" (2010) membahas sirkumsisi dewasa dan fungsi seksual. Perera et al. "Safety and efficacy of nontherapeutic male circumcision: a systematic review" (2010) membahas sirkumsisi dewasa serta fungsi dan kepuasan seksual.
- Dave S, Afshar K, Braga LH, Anderson P (Februari 2018). "Canadian Urological Association guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (full version)". Canadian Urological Association Journal. 12 (2): E76–E99. doi:10.5489/cuaj.5033. PMC 5937400. PMID 29381458. There is lack of any convincing evidence that neonatal circumcision will impact sexual function or cause a perceptible change in penile sensation in adulthood. [Tidak ada bukti meyakinkan bahwa sirkumsisi neonatal akan berdampak pada fungsi seksual atau menyebabkan perubahan sensasi penis yang nyata di masa dewasa.]{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Tian Y, Liu W, Wang JZ, Wazir R, Yue X, Wang KJ (September 2013). "Effects of circumcision on male sexual functions: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Asian Journal of Andrology (Systematic review). 15 (5): 662–666. doi:10.1038/aja.2013.47. PMC 3881635. PMID 23749001.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Bossio JA, Pukall CF, Steele S (Desember 2014). "A review of the current state of the male circumcision literature". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 11 (12): 2847–2864. doi:10.1111/jsm.12703. PMID 25284631.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Friedman B, Khoury J, Petersiel N, Yahalomi T, Paul M, Neuberger A (September 2016). "Pros and cons of circumcision: an evidence-based overview". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 22 (9): 768–774. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2016.07.030. PMID 27497811.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Krill AJ, Palmer LS, Palmer JS (2011). "Complications of circumcision". TheScientificWorldJournal. 11: 2458–2468. doi:10.1100/2011/373829. PMC 3253617. PMID 22235177.
- Shabanzadeh, Daniel Mønsted; Clausen, Signe; Maigaard, Katrine; Fode, Mikkel (Jun 2021). "Male Circumcision Complications – A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression". Urology. 152: 25–34. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2021.01.041. PMID 33545206.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Gologram M, Margolin R, Lomiguen CM (April 2022). "Need for Increased Awareness of International Male Circumcision Variations and Associated Complications: A Contemporary Review". Cureus. 14 (4) e24507. doi:10.7759/cureus.24507. PMC 9135584. PMID 35651438.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Sorokan ST, Finlay JC, Jefferies AL (8 September 2015). "Newborn male circumcision". Paediatrics & Child Health. 20 (6): 311–320. doi:10.1093/pch/20.6.311. PMC 4578472. PMID 26435672. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Morris BJ, Moreton S, Krieger JN (November 2019). "Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review". Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine (Systematic review). 12 (4): 263–290. doi:10.1111/jebm.12361. PMC 6899915. PMID 31496128.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Angulo JC, García-Díez M (Juli 2009). "Male genital representation in paleolithic art: erection and circumcision before history". Urology. 74 (1): 10–14. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2009.01.010. hdl:10400.26/23819. PMID 19395004. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 10 November 2011. Diakses tanggal 7 Februari 2024.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Faria MA (7 Mei 2015). "Neolithic trepanation decoded- A unifying hypothesis: Has the mystery as to why primitive surgeons performed cranial surgery been solved?". Surgical Neurology International. 6: 72. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.156634. PMC 4427816. PMID 25984386.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Soukopova J (Agustus 2017). "Central Saharan rock art: Considering the kettles and cupules". Journal of Arid Environments. 143: 12. Bibcode:2017JArEn.143...10S. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.12.011. S2CID 132225521. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 7 November 2021. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Al-Salem AH (8 November 2016). "Male Circumcision". An Illustrated Guide to Pediatric Urology. Springer Cham. hlm. 480. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44182-5_22. ISBN 978-3-319-44182-5. S2CID 79015190. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 23 Agustus 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Dobanovački D, Milovanović L, Slavković A, Tatić M, Mišković-Skeledžija S, Škorić-Jokić S, Pećanac M (2012). "Surgery Before Common Era (B.C.E.*)" (PDF). Archive of Oncology. 20 (1–2): 29. doi:10.2298/AOO1202028D. S2CID 53008076. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Februari 2023. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Chubak B (1 April 2013). "1101 the orthopedic origin of popular male circumcision in america". Journal of Urology. 189 (4S): e451. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.693. Male circumcision was first popularized in late 19th-century America by Lewis Sayre, a renowned orthopedic surgeon, public-health activist, and creator of the Journal of the American Medical Association. On the basis of a few orthopedic case reports, Sayre used his influence to promote male circumcision as systemic therapy, rather than a local anatomic alteration. This redefinition was consistent with the contemporary reflex neurosis theory of disease, as well as the historic humoral-mechanical understanding of the human body.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Darby R (Spring 2003). "The Masturbation Taboo and the Rise of Routine Male Circumcision: A Review of the Historiography". Journal of Social History. 36 (3): 737–757. doi:10.1353/jsh.2003.0047. JSTOR 3790737. S2CID 72536074.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Laumann EO, Masi CM, Zuckerman EW (April 1997). "Circumcision in the United States. Prevalence, prophylactic effects, and sexual practice". JAMA. 277 (13): 1052–1057. doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540370042034. PMID 9091693.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Gairdner D (Desember 1949). "The fate of the foreskin, a study of circumcision". British Medical Journal. 2 (4642): 1433–7, illust. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4642.1433. PMC 2051968. PMID 15408299.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Hankins C, Forsythe S, Njeuhmeli E (November 2011). "Voluntary medical male circumcision: an introduction to the cost, impact, and challenges of accelerated scaling up". PLOS Medicine. 8 (11) e1001127. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001127. PMC 3226452. PMID 22140362.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Glass JM (Januari 1999). "Religious circumcision: a Jewish view". BJU International. 83 (Suppl 1): 17–21. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1017.x. PMID 10349410. S2CID 2888024.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Cohen-Almagor R (9 November 2020). "Should liberal government regulate male circumcision performed in the name of Jewish tradition?". SN Social Sciences. 1 (1) 8. doi:10.1007/s43545-020-00011-7. ISSN 2662-9283. S2CID 228911544. Protagonists and critics of male circumcision agree on some things and disagree on many others... They also do not underestimate the importance of male circumcision for the relevant communities.... Even the most critical voices of male circumcision do not suggest putting a blanket ban on the practice as they understand that such a ban, very much like the 1920–1933 prohibition laws in the United States, would not be effective... Protagonists and critics of male circumcision debate whether the practice is morally acceptable... They assign different weights to harm as well as to medical risks and to non-medical benefits. The different weights to risks and benefits conform to their underlying views about the practices... Protagonists and critics disagree about the significance of medical reasons for circumcision...{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Bolnick DA, Katz KE (2012). "Jewish Ritual Circumcision". Dalam Bolnick DA, Koyle M, Yosha A (ed.). Surgical Guide to Circumcision. London: Springer. hlm. 265–274. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2858-8_23. ISBN 978-1-4471-2857-1.
- Dabbagh H (Desember 2022). "Is Circumcision "Necessary" in Islam? A Philosophical Argument Based on Peer Disagreement". Journal of Religion and Health. 61 (6): 4871–4886. doi:10.1007/s10943-022-01635-0. PMC 9569283. PMID 36006531.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- El-Sheemy MS, Ziada AM (2012). "Islam and Circumcision". Dalam Bolnick DA, Koyle M, Yosha A (ed.). Surgical Guide to Circumcision. London: Springer. hlm. 275–280. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2858-8_24. ISBN 978-1-4471-2857-1.
- Slosar JP, O'Brien D (2003). "The ethics of neonatal male circumcision: a Catholic perspective". The American Journal of Bioethics. 3 (2): 62–64. doi:10.1162/152651603766436306. PMID 12859824. S2CID 38064474.
- Adams G, Adams K (2012). "Circumcision in the Early Christian Church: The Controversy That Shaped a Continent". Dalam Bolnick DA, Koyle M, Yosha A (ed.). Surgical Guide to Circumcision. London: Springer. hlm. 291–298. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2858-8_26. ISBN 978-1-4471-2857-1.
- Musaeva, Majsarat K.; Solovyova, Lubov T. (2022-06-23). "The Rite of Circumcision Among the Peoples of the Caucasus". History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus. 18 (2): 497–518. doi:10.32653/ch182497-518. ISSN 2618-849X.
- Circumcision and Medicine in Modern Turkey. University of Texas Press. 2023. doi:10.7560/327029. ISBN 978-1-4773-2703-6.
- Alimen, Nazlı; Askegaard, Søren (2020-10-01). "Religious ritual and sociopolitical ideologies: Circumcision costumes in the Turkish marketplace". International Journal of Fashion Studies. 7 (2): 211–236. doi:10.1386/infs_00027_1. ISSN 2051-7106.
- Doyle SM, Kahn JG, Hosang N, Carroll PR (Januari 2010). "The impact of male circumcision on HIV transmission". The Journal of Urology. 183 (1): 21–26. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2009.09.030. PMID 19913816.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Uthman OA, Popoola TA, Uthman MM, Aremu O (Maret 2010). Van Baal PH (ed.). "Economic evaluations of adult male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review". PLOS ONE. 5 (3) e9628. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9628U. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009628. PMC 2835757. PMID 20224784.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Grimes CE, Henry JA, Maraka J, Mkandawire NC, Cotton M (Januari 2014). "Cost-effectiveness of surgery in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review". World Journal of Surgery. 38 (1): 252–263. doi:10.1007/s00268-013-2243-y. PMID 24101020. S2CID 2166354.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Binagwaho A, Pegurri E, Muita J, Bertozzi S (Januari 2010). Kalichman SC (ed.). "Male circumcision at different ages in Rwanda: a cost-effectiveness study". PLOS Medicine. 7 (1) e1000211. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000211. PMC 2808207. PMID 20098721.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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- Hankins C, Forsythe S, Njeuhmeli E (November 2011). Sansom SL (ed.). "Voluntary medical male circumcision: an introduction to the cost, impact, and challenges of accelerated scaling up". PLOS Medicine. 8 (11) e1001127. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001127. PMC 3226452. PMID 22140362.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Xu X, Patel DA, Dalton VK, Pearlman MD, Johnson TR (Maret 2009). "Can routine neonatal circumcision help prevent human immunodeficiency virus transmission in the United States?". American Journal of Men's Health. 3 (1): 79–84. doi:10.1177/1557988308323616. PMC 2678848. PMID 19430583.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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dw.de (Global: 2,755^th place; Indonesian: 2,128^th place)

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elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; Indonesian: 325^th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Shabanzadeh, Daniel Mønsted; Clausen, Signe; Maigaard, Katrine; Fode, Mikkel (Jun 2021). "Male Circumcision Complications – A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression". Urology. 152: 25–34. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2021.01.041. PMID 33545206.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

emedicine.com (Global: 5,845^th place; Indonesian: 4,816^th place)

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etmu.fi (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

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ewtn.com (Global: 3,893^rd place; Indonesian: 1,256^th place)

Pope Eugenius IV (1990) [1442]. "Ecumenical Council of Florence (1438–1445): Session 11—4 February 1442; Bull of union with the Copts". Dalam Tanner NP (ed.). Decrees of the ecumenical councils. 2 volumes (dalam bahasa Yunani and Latin). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-490-2. LCCN 90003209. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 25 April 2009. Diakses tanggal 25 April 2007. it denounces all who after that time observe circumcision{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

exonpublications.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

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gmanetwork.com (Global: 585^th place; Indonesian: 592^nd place)

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hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; Indonesian: 122^nd place)

Angulo JC, García-Díez M (Juli 2009). "Male genital representation in paleolithic art: erection and circumcision before history". Urology. 74 (1): 10–14. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2009.01.010. hdl:10400.26/23819. PMID 19395004. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 10 November 2011. Diakses tanggal 7 Februari 2024.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

infoplease.com (Global: 3,121^st place; Indonesian: 1,533^rd place)

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islamicpopulation.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

Leslie DD (1998). "The Integration of Religious Minorities in China: The Case of Chinese Muslims" (PDF). The Fifty-ninth George Ernest Morrison Lecture in Ethnology. hlm. 12. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 17 Desember 2010. Diakses tanggal 30 November 2010.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

jewishcalgary.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

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jewishencyclopedia.com (Global: 1,262^nd place; Indonesian: 723^rd place)

Hirsch EG, Kohler K, Jacobs J, Friedenwald A, Broydé I (1906). "Circumcision". Jewish Encyclopedia. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 4 Agustus 2011. Diakses tanggal 8 Maret 2018. In order to prevent the obliteration of the 'seal of the covenant' on the flesh, as circumcision was henceforth called, the Rabbis, probably after the war of Bar Kokba (see Yeb. l.c.; Gen. R. xlvi.), instituted the 'peri'ah' (the laying bare of the glans), without which circumcision was declared to be of no value (Shab. xxx. 6).{{cite encyclopedia}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

jewishjournal.com (Global: 2,096^th place; Indonesian: 2,753^rd place)

Lowenfeld, Jonah (2 Agustus 2011). "Little-known non-cutting ritual appeals to some who oppose circumcision". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. LA. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 25 Agustus 2018. Diakses tanggal 11 Maret 2020. According to Gottfried, the earliest known brit shalom ceremony was performed around 1970 by her mentor, Rabbi Sherwin Wine, the founder of the Society for Humanistic Judaism.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Lowenfeld, Jonah (2011-08-02). "Little-known non-cutting ritual appeals to some who oppose circumcision". Jewish Journal (dalam bahasa American English). Diakses tanggal 2026-02-07.

jrf.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

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Cohen H (20 Mei 2002). "Bo: Defining Boundaries". Jewish Reconstructionist Federation. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 9 Oktober 2007. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2007.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; Indonesian: 38^th place)

Darby R (Spring 2003). "The Masturbation Taboo and the Rise of Routine Male Circumcision: A Review of the Historiography". Journal of Social History. 36 (3): 737–757. doi:10.1353/jsh.2003.0047. JSTOR 3790737. S2CID 72536074.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

knmg.nl (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"Non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors". KNMG Viewpoint. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Nederlandsche Maatschappij tot bevordering der Geneeskunst (KNMG) (Royal Dutch Society for the Promotion of Medicine). Mei 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 8 Maret 2018. Diakses tanggal 7 Maret 2018.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

kstq.gov.cn (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"喀什的主要少数民族——【维吾尔族】" [Etnis minoritas utama di Kashgar - [Uighur]]. 中华人民共和国新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府网 (The People's Government of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China). 2013-03-10.

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lccn.loc.gov

Pope Eugenius IV (1990) [1442]. "Ecumenical Council of Florence (1438–1445): Session 11—4 February 1442; Bull of union with the Copts". Dalam Tanner NP (ed.). Decrees of the ecumenical councils. 2 volumes (dalam bahasa Yunani and Latin). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-490-2. LCCN 90003209. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 25 April 2009. Diakses tanggal 25 April 2007. it denounces all who after that time observe circumcision{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

mosaicscience.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

Wapner J (24 Februari 2015). "The Troubled History of Foreskin". Mosaic Science. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 26 Desember 2021. Diakses tanggal 3 Februari 2022. In the decades since, medical practice has come to rely increasingly on evidence from large research studies, which, as many American doctors see it, have supported the existing rationale... How can experts who have undergone similar training evaluate the same studies and come to opposing conclusions? I've spent months scrutinising the medical literature in an attempt to decide which side is right. The task turned out to be nearly impossible. That's partly because there is so much confused thinking around the risks and benefits of circumcision, even among trained practitioners.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; Indonesian: 261^st place)

Pabalan, N.; Singian, E.; Jarjanazi, H.; Paganini-Hill, A. (2015-07-28). "Association of male circumcision with risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis". Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (dalam bahasa Inggris). 18 (4): 352–357. doi:10.1038/pcan.2015.34. ISSN 1476-5608. PMID 26215783 – via Nature.

nb.rs (Global: 3,507^th place; Indonesian: 9,447^th place)

doiserbia.nb.rs

Dobanovački D, Milovanović L, Slavković A, Tatić M, Mišković-Skeledžija S, Škorić-Jokić S, Pećanac M (2012). "Surgery Before Common Era (B.C.E.*)" (PDF). Archive of Oncology. 20 (1–2): 29. doi:10.2298/AOO1202028D. S2CID 53008076. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Februari 2023. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

news24.com (Global: 1,057^th place; Indonesian: 2,026^th place)

Seeth A (1 Juni 2018). "'It's hassle-free,' says actor Melusi Yeni about his medical circumcision". News24. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 5 Mei 2022. Diakses tanggal 5 Mei 2022. Actor Melusi Yeni was the millionth man to undergo voluntary male medical circumcision at the Sivananda Clinic in KwaZulu-Natal.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

nhs.uk (Global: 2,637^th place; Indonesian: 1,387^th place)

"Circumcision in men". National Health Service. 22 Februari 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 29 Juni 2020. Diakses tanggal 30 Oktober 2018.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Indonesian: 6^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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Alanis MC, Lucidi RS (Mei 2004). "Neonatal circumcision: a review of the world's oldest and most controversial operation". Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 59 (5): 379–395. doi:10.1097/00006254-200405000-00026. PMID 15097799. S2CID 25226185.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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Marrazzo JM, del Rio C, Holtgrave DR, Cohen MS, Kalichman SC, Mayer KH, Montaner JS, Wheeler DP, Grant RM, Grinsztejn B, Kumarasamy N, Shoptaw S, Walensky RP, Dabis F, Sugarman J, Benson CA (23–30 Jul 2014). "HIV prevention in clinical care settings: 2014 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel". JAMA. 312 (4): 390–409. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.7999. PMC 6309682. PMID 25038358.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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Press B, Jalfon M, Solomon D, Hittelman AB (Juli 2024). "Clinical and environmental considerations for neonatal, office-based circumcisions compared with operative circumcisions". Frontiers in Urology. 4 1380154. doi:10.3389/fruro.2024.1380154. ISSN 2673-9828. PMC 12327250. PMID 40777091. Neonatal circumcision is supported by both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) due to the belief that the health benefits outweigh the minimal risk of the procedure.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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Moreno G, Ramirez C, Corbalán J, Peñaloza B, Morel Marambio M, Pantoja T (Januari 2024). "Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1) CD008973. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008973.pub3. PMC 10809033. PMID 38269441.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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Krill AJ, Palmer LS, Palmer JS (2011). "Complications of circumcision". TheScientificWorldJournal. 11: 2458–2468. doi:10.1100/2011/373829. PMC 3253617. PMID 22235177.
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Larke NL, Thomas SL, dos Santos Silva I, Weiss HA (Agustus 2011). "Male circumcision and penile cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Cancer Causes & Control. 22 (8): 1097–1110. doi:10.1007/s10552-011-9785-9. PMC 3139859. PMID 21695385.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Morris BJ, Wiswell TE (Juni 2013). "Circumcision and lifetime risk of urinary tract infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis". The Journal of Urology. 189 (6): 2118–2124. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.114. PMID 23201382.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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Pabalan, N.; Singian, E.; Jarjanazi, H.; Paganini-Hill, A. (2015-07-28). "Association of male circumcision with risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis". Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (dalam bahasa Inggris). 18 (4): 352–357. doi:10.1038/pcan.2015.34. ISSN 1476-5608. PMID 26215783 – via Nature.
Grund JM, Bryant TS, Jackson I, Curran K, Bock N, Toledo C, Taliano J, Zhou S, Del Campo JM, Yang L, Kivumbi A, Li P, Pals S, Davis SM (November 2017). "Association between male circumcision and women's biomedical health outcomes: a systematic review". The Lancet. Global Health. 5 (11): e1113–e1122. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30369-8. PMC 5728090. PMID 29025633.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Bañuelos Marco B, García Heil JL (Maret 2021). "Circumcision in childhood and male sexual function: a blessing or a curse?". International Journal of Impotence Research. 33 (2): 139–148. doi:10.1038/s41443-020-00354-y. PMC 7985026. PMID 32994555.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Laporan Teknis" (2012) dari Satuan Tugas Akademi Pediatri Amerika tentang Sirkumsisi membahas fungsi seksual, sensitivitas, dan kepuasan tanpa kualifikasi berdasarkan usia sirkumsisi. Sadeghi-Nejad et al. "Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual function" (2010) membahas sirkumsisi dewasa dan fungsi seksual. Doyle et al. "The Impact of Male Circumcision on HIV Transmission" (2010) membahas sirkumsisi dewasa dan fungsi seksual. Perera et al. "Safety and efficacy of nontherapeutic male circumcision: a systematic review" (2010) membahas sirkumsisi dewasa serta fungsi dan kepuasan seksual.
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- Doyle SM, Kahn JG, Hosang N, Carroll PR (Januari 2010). "The impact of male circumcision on HIV transmission". The Journal of Urology. 183 (1): 21–26. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2009.09.030. PMID 19913816.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Uthman OA, Popoola TA, Uthman MM, Aremu O (Maret 2010). Van Baal PH (ed.). "Economic evaluations of adult male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review". PLOS ONE. 5 (3) e9628. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9628U. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009628. PMC 2835757. PMID 20224784.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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- Binagwaho A, Pegurri E, Muita J, Bertozzi S (Januari 2010). Kalichman SC (ed.). "Male circumcision at different ages in Rwanda: a cost-effectiveness study". PLOS Medicine. 7 (1) e1000211. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000211. PMC 2808207. PMID 20098721.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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- Hankins C, Forsythe S, Njeuhmeli E (November 2011). Sansom SL (ed.). "Voluntary medical male circumcision: an introduction to the cost, impact, and challenges of accelerated scaling up". PLOS Medicine. 8 (11) e1001127. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001127. PMC 3226452. PMID 22140362.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Xu X, Patel DA, Dalton VK, Pearlman MD, Johnson TR (Maret 2009). "Can routine neonatal circumcision help prevent human immunodeficiency virus transmission in the United States?". American Journal of Men's Health. 3 (1): 79–84. doi:10.1177/1557988308323616. PMC 2678848. PMID 19430583.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Tobian AA, Kacker S, Quinn TC (2014). "Male circumcision: a globally relevant but under-utilized method for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections". Annual Review of Medicine. 65: 293–306. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-092412-090539. PMC 4539243. PMID 24111891.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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- Sharma, Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar; Hokello, Joseph; Tyagi, Mudit (25 Juni 2021). "Circumcision as an Intervening Strategy against HIV Acquisition in the Male Genital Tract". Pathogens. 10 (7): 806. doi:10.3390/pathogens10070806. ISSN 2076-0817. PMC 8308621. PMID 34201976.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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- Press B, Jalfon M, Solomon D, Hittelman AB (Juli 2024). "Clinical and environmental considerations for neonatal, office-based circumcisions compared with operative circumcisions". Frontiers in Urology. 4 1380154. doi:10.3389/fruro.2024.1380154. ISSN 2673-9828. PMC 12327250. PMID 40777091. Neonatal circumcision is supported by both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) due to the belief that the health benefits outweigh the minimal risk of the procedure.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Perera CL, Bridgewater FH, Thavaneswaran P, Maddern GJ (2010). "Safety and efficacy of nontherapeutic male circumcision: a systematic review". Annals of Family Medicine. 8 (1): 64–72. doi:10.1370/afm.1073. PMC 2807391. PMID 20065281.
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- Weiss HA, Thomas SL, Munabi SK, Hayes RJ (April 2006). "Male circumcision and risk of syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 82 (2): 101–9, discussion 110. doi:10.1136/sti.2005.017442. PMC 2653870. PMID 16581731.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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- Krill AJ, Palmer LS, Palmer JS (2011). "Complications of circumcision". TheScientificWorldJournal. 11: 2458–2468. doi:10.1100/2011/373829. PMC 3253617. PMID 22235177.
- Larke NL, Thomas SL, dos Santos Silva I, Weiss HA (Agustus 2011). "Male circumcision and penile cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Cancer Causes & Control. 22 (8): 1097–1110. doi:10.1007/s10552-011-9785-9. PMC 3139859. PMID 21695385.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Jagannath VA, Fedorowicz Z, Sud V, Verma AK, Hajebrahimi S (November 2012). Fedorowicz Z (ed.). "Routine neonatal circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infections in infancy". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (5) CD009129. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009129.pub2. PMC 12186870. PMID 23152269.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Grund JM, Bryant TS, Jackson I, Curran K, Bock N, Toledo C, Taliano J, Zhou S, Del Campo JM, Yang L, Kivumbi A, Li P, Pals S, Davis SM (November 2017). "Association between male circumcision and women's biomedical health outcomes: a systematic review". The Lancet. Global Health. 5 (11): e1113–e1122. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30369-8. PMC 5728090. PMID 29025633.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- Bañuelos Marco B, García Heil JL (Maret 2021). "Circumcision in childhood and male sexual function: a blessing or a curse?". International Journal of Impotence Research. 33 (2): 139–148. doi:10.1038/s41443-020-00354-y. PMC 7985026. PMID 32994555.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- "Laporan Teknis" (2012) dari Satuan Tugas Akademi Pediatri Amerika tentang Sirkumsisi membahas fungsi seksual, sensitivitas, dan kepuasan tanpa kualifikasi berdasarkan usia sirkumsisi. Sadeghi-Nejad et al. "Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual function" (2010) membahas sirkumsisi dewasa dan fungsi seksual. Doyle et al. "The Impact of Male Circumcision on HIV Transmission" (2010) membahas sirkumsisi dewasa dan fungsi seksual. Perera et al. "Safety and efficacy of nontherapeutic male circumcision: a systematic review" (2010) membahas sirkumsisi dewasa serta fungsi dan kepuasan seksual.
  - Dave S, Afshar K, Braga LH, Anderson P (Februari 2018). "Canadian Urological Association guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (full version)". Canadian Urological Association Journal. 12 (2): E76–E99. doi:10.5489/cuaj.5033. PMC 5937400. PMID 29381458. There is lack of any convincing evidence that neonatal circumcision will impact sexual function or cause a perceptible change in penile sensation in adulthood. [Tidak ada bukti meyakinkan bahwa sirkumsisi neonatal akan berdampak pada fungsi seksual atau menyebabkan perubahan sensasi penis yang nyata di masa dewasa.]{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Tian Y, Liu W, Wang JZ, Wazir R, Yue X, Wang KJ (September 2013). "Effects of circumcision on male sexual functions: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Asian Journal of Andrology (Systematic review). 15 (5): 662–666. doi:10.1038/aja.2013.47. PMC 3881635. PMID 23749001.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Krill AJ, Palmer LS, Palmer JS (2011). "Complications of circumcision". TheScientificWorldJournal. 11: 2458–2468. doi:10.1100/2011/373829. PMC 3253617. PMID 22235177.
  - Gologram M, Margolin R, Lomiguen CM (April 2022). "Need for Increased Awareness of International Male Circumcision Variations and Associated Complications: A Contemporary Review". Cureus. 14 (4) e24507. doi:10.7759/cureus.24507. PMC 9135584. PMID 35651438.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Sorokan ST, Finlay JC, Jefferies AL (8 September 2015). "Newborn male circumcision". Paediatrics & Child Health. 20 (6): 311–320. doi:10.1093/pch/20.6.311. PMC 4578472. PMID 26435672. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Morris BJ, Moreton S, Krieger JN (November 2019). "Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review". Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine (Systematic review). 12 (4): 263–290. doi:10.1111/jebm.12361. PMC 6899915. PMID 31496128.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Faria MA (7 Mei 2015). "Neolithic trepanation decoded- A unifying hypothesis: Has the mystery as to why primitive surgeons performed cranial surgery been solved?". Surgical Neurology International. 6: 72. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.156634. PMC 4427816. PMID 25984386.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Gairdner D (Desember 1949). "The fate of the foreskin, a study of circumcision". British Medical Journal. 2 (4642): 1433–7, illust. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4642.1433. PMC 2051968. PMID 15408299.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Hankins C, Forsythe S, Njeuhmeli E (November 2011). "Voluntary medical male circumcision: an introduction to the cost, impact, and challenges of accelerated scaling up". PLOS Medicine. 8 (11) e1001127. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001127. PMC 3226452. PMID 22140362.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Dabbagh H (Desember 2022). "Is Circumcision "Necessary" in Islam? A Philosophical Argument Based on Peer Disagreement". Journal of Religion and Health. 61 (6): 4871–4886. doi:10.1007/s10943-022-01635-0. PMC 9569283. PMID 36006531.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Uthman OA, Popoola TA, Uthman MM, Aremu O (Maret 2010). Van Baal PH (ed.). "Economic evaluations of adult male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review". PLOS ONE. 5 (3) e9628. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9628U. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009628. PMC 2835757. PMID 20224784.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Binagwaho A, Pegurri E, Muita J, Bertozzi S (Januari 2010). Kalichman SC (ed.). "Male circumcision at different ages in Rwanda: a cost-effectiveness study". PLOS Medicine. 7 (1) e1000211. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000211. PMC 2808207. PMID 20098721.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Hankins C, Forsythe S, Njeuhmeli E (November 2011). Sansom SL (ed.). "Voluntary medical male circumcision: an introduction to the cost, impact, and challenges of accelerated scaling up". PLOS Medicine. 8 (11) e1001127. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001127. PMC 3226452. PMID 22140362.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Xu X, Patel DA, Dalton VK, Pearlman MD, Johnson TR (Maret 2009). "Can routine neonatal circumcision help prevent human immunodeficiency virus transmission in the United States?". American Journal of Men's Health. 3 (1): 79–84. doi:10.1177/1557988308323616. PMC 2678848. PMID 19430583.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  - Tobian AA, Kacker S, Quinn TC (2014). "Male circumcision: a globally relevant but under-utilized method for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections". Annual Review of Medicine. 65: 293–306. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-092412-090539. PMC 4539243. PMID 24111891.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Indonesian: 20^th place)

McNeil Jr DG (3 Maret 2009). "AIDS: New Web Site Seeks to Fight Myths About Circumcision and H.I.V." The New York Times. hlm. D6. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 8 Januari 2014. Diakses tanggal 1 Februari 2012.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

org.s3.amazonaws.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

media.africanrockart.org.s3.amazonaws.com

Campbell A, Coulson D (2010). "Big Hippo Site, Oued Afar, Algeria" (PDF). Sahara. 21: 85, 90–91. ISSN 1120-5679. S2CID 191103812. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 26 Oktober 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; Indonesian: 300^th place)

academic.oup.com

Hendel, Ronald (2005). Remembering Abraham: Culture, Memory, and History in the Hebrew Bible. Oxford University Press. hlm. 3–30. ISBN 978-0-19-978462-2.

racp.edu.au (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"Circumcision of Infant Males" (PDF). The Royal Australasian College of Physicians. Sep 2010. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Agustus 2015. Diakses tanggal 11 September 2013.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

rcpe.ac.uk (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

Doyle D (Oktober 2005). "Ritual male circumcision: a brief history" (PDF). The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 35 (3): 279–285. doi:10.1177/1478271520053503005. PMID 16402509. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 14 Maret 2023. Diakses tanggal 16 Januari 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

reformjudaism.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

Glickman M (12 November 2005). "B'rit Milah: A Jewish Answer to Modernity". Reform Judaism. Reform Judaism. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Maret 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 Maret 2017.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; Indonesian: 58^th place)

Chernikoff H (3 Oktober 2007). "Jewish "intactivists" in U.S. stop circumcising". Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 27 Desember 2008. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2007.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; Indonesian: 144^th place)

Angulo JC, García-Díez M (Juli 2009). "Male genital representation in paleolithic art: erection and circumcision before history". Urology. 74 (1): 10–14. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2009.01.010. hdl:10400.26/23819. PMID 19395004. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 10 November 2011. Diakses tanggal 7 Februari 2024.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

scribd.com (Global: 467^th place; Indonesian: 156^th place)

World Health Organization; UNAIDS; Jhpiego (Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics) (Desember 2009). "Manual for Male Circumcision Under Local Anaesthesia" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 15 Januari 2012. ...there are many myths about male circumcision that circulate. For example, some people think that circumcision can cause impotence (failure of erection) or reduce sexual pleasure. Others think that circumcision will cure impotence. Let me assure you that none of these is true. [...ada banyak mitos tentang sirkumsisi pria yang beredar. Misalnya, sebagian orang beranggapan sirkumsisi bisa menyebabkan impotensi (kegagalan ereksi) atau mengurangi kenikmatan seksual. Yang lain berpikir bahwa sirkumsisi akan menyembuhkan impotensi. Izinkan saya meyakinkan Anda bahwa tidak ada satu pun dari hal tersebut yang benar.]{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) Alt URL Diarsipkan 30 March 2023 di Wayback Machine.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; Indonesian: 26^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Thomas A, Necchi A, Muneer A, Tobias-Machado M, Tran AT, Van Rompuy AS, Spiess PE, Albersen M (Februari 2021). "Penile cancer". Nature Reviews. Disease Primers (Review). 7 (1) 11. doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00246-5. PMID 33574340. S2CID 231877615.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Alanis MC, Lucidi RS (Mei 2004). "Neonatal circumcision: a review of the world's oldest and most controversial operation". Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 59 (5): 379–395. doi:10.1097/00006254-200405000-00026. PMID 15097799. S2CID 25226185.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Albero G, Castellsagué X, Giuliano AR, Bosch FX (Februari 2012). "Male circumcision and genital human papillomavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 39 (2): 104–113. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182387abd. PMID 22249298. S2CID 26859788.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Templeton DJ, Millett GA, Grulich AE (Februari 2010). "Male circumcision to reduce the risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 23 (1): 45–52. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328334e54d. PMID 19935420. S2CID 43878584.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Aridogan IA, Izol V, Ilkit M (Agustus 2011). "Superficial fungal infections of the male genitalia: a review". Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 37 (3): 237–244. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2011.572862. PMID 21668404. S2CID 31957918.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Campbell A, Coulson D (2010). "Big Hippo Site, Oued Afar, Algeria" (PDF). Sahara. 21: 85, 90–91. ISSN 1120-5679. S2CID 191103812. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 26 Oktober 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Soukopova J (Agustus 2017). "Central Saharan rock art: Considering the kettles and cupules". Journal of Arid Environments. 143: 12. Bibcode:2017JArEn.143...10S. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.12.011. S2CID 132225521. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 7 November 2021. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Al-Salem AH (8 November 2016). "Male Circumcision". An Illustrated Guide to Pediatric Urology. Springer Cham. hlm. 480. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44182-5_22. ISBN 978-3-319-44182-5. S2CID 79015190. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 23 Agustus 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Dobanovački D, Milovanović L, Slavković A, Tatić M, Mišković-Skeledžija S, Škorić-Jokić S, Pećanac M (2012). "Surgery Before Common Era (B.C.E.*)" (PDF). Archive of Oncology. 20 (1–2): 29. doi:10.2298/AOO1202028D. S2CID 53008076. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Februari 2023. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Darby R (Spring 2003). "The Masturbation Taboo and the Rise of Routine Male Circumcision: A Review of the Historiography". Journal of Social History. 36 (3): 737–757. doi:10.1353/jsh.2003.0047. JSTOR 3790737. S2CID 72536074.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Glass JM (Januari 1999). "Religious circumcision: a Jewish view". BJU International. 83 (Suppl 1): 17–21. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1017.x. PMID 10349410. S2CID 2888024.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Cohen-Almagor R (9 November 2020). "Should liberal government regulate male circumcision performed in the name of Jewish tradition?". SN Social Sciences. 1 (1) 8. doi:10.1007/s43545-020-00011-7. ISSN 2662-9283. S2CID 228911544. Protagonists and critics of male circumcision agree on some things and disagree on many others... They also do not underestimate the importance of male circumcision for the relevant communities.... Even the most critical voices of male circumcision do not suggest putting a blanket ban on the practice as they understand that such a ban, very much like the 1920–1933 prohibition laws in the United States, would not be effective... Protagonists and critics of male circumcision debate whether the practice is morally acceptable... They assign different weights to harm as well as to medical risks and to non-medical benefits. The different weights to risks and benefits conform to their underlying views about the practices... Protagonists and critics disagree about the significance of medical reasons for circumcision...{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Slosar JP, O'Brien D (2003). "The ethics of neonatal male circumcision: a Catholic perspective". The American Journal of Bioethics. 3 (2): 62–64. doi:10.1162/152651603766436306. PMID 12859824. S2CID 38064474.
Grimes CE, Henry JA, Maraka J, Mkandawire NC, Cotton M (Januari 2014). "Cost-effectiveness of surgery in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review". World Journal of Surgery. 38 (1): 252–263. doi:10.1007/s00268-013-2243-y. PMID 24101020. S2CID 2166354.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Kim HH, Li PS, Goldstein M (November 2010). "Male circumcision: Africa and beyond?". Current Opinion in Urology. 20 (6): 515–519. doi:10.1097/MOU.0b013e32833f1b21. PMID 20844437. S2CID 2158164.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; Indonesian: 240^th place)

link.springer.com

Al-Salem AH (8 November 2016). "Male Circumcision". An Illustrated Guide to Pediatric Urology. Springer Cham. hlm. 480. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44182-5_22. ISBN 978-3-319-44182-5. S2CID 79015190. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 23 Agustus 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

srigranth.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"Sri Granth: Sri Guru Granth Sahib". www.srigranth.org.

umc.edu (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"What to Expect After Circumcision: "Most of the swelling will be gone within a month but it takes up to 6 months for all of the swelling to go away."" [Apa yang Diharapkan Setelah Sirkumsisi: "Sebagian besar pembengkakan akan hilang dalam waktu satu bulan, namun butuh waktu hingga 6 bulan agar seluruh pembengkakan hilang."]. University of Mississippi Medical Center. Diakses tanggal 2025-05-14.

unaids.org (Global: 5,918^th place; Indonesian: 4,020^th place)

Weiss H, Polonsky J, Bailey R, Hankins C, Halperin D, Schmid G (2007). Male circumcision: global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety, and acceptability (PDF). Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-159616-9. OCLC 425961131. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 22 Desember 2015.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

uzbek-travel.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"Khatna-kilish (circumcision party)". uzbek-travel.com. Diakses tanggal 2026-01-17.

valpo.edu (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

scholar.valpo.edu

Abu-Sahlieh SA (1994). "To mutilate in the name of Jehovah or Allah: legitimization of male and female circumcision". Medicine and Law. 13 (7–8). World Association for Medical Law: 575–622. PMID 7731348.; Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh SA (1995). "Islamic Law and the Issue of Male and Female Circumcision". Third World Legal Studies. 13. Valparaiso University School of Law: 73–101. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 November 2019. Diakses tanggal 13 Februari 2020.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Indonesian: 1^st place)

Weiss H, Polonsky J, Bailey R, Hankins C, Halperin D, Schmid G (2007). Male circumcision: global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety, and acceptability (PDF). Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-159616-9. OCLC 425961131. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 22 Desember 2015.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Hay W, Levin M (25 Juni 2012). Current Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics 21/E. McGraw Hill Professional. hlm. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-07-177971-5. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Rudolph C, Rudolph A, Lister G, First L, Gershon A (18 Maret 2011). Rudolph's Pediatrics (Edisi 22nd). McGraw-Hill Companies, Incorporated. hlm. 188. ISBN 978-0-07-149723-7. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 14 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 14 April 2022. There are significant benefits in performing male circumcision in early infancy, and programmes that promote early infant male circumcision are likely to have lower morbidity rates and lower costs than programmes targeting adolescent boys and men.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 14 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 14 April 2022. There are significant benefits in performing male circumcision in early infancy, and programmes that promote early infant male circumcision are likely to have lower morbidity rates and lower costs than programmes targeting adolescent boys and men.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Caga-anan EC, Thomas AJ, Diekema DS, Mercurio MR, Adam MR (8 September 2011). Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics: A Case-Based Textbook. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 43. ISBN 978-0-521-17361-2. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Doyle D (Oktober 2005). "Ritual male circumcision: a brief history" (PDF). The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 35 (3): 279–285. doi:10.1177/1478271520053503005. PMID 16402509. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 14 Maret 2023. Diakses tanggal 16 Januari 2023.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Seeth A (1 Juni 2018). "'It's hassle-free,' says actor Melusi Yeni about his medical circumcision". News24. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 5 Mei 2022. Diakses tanggal 5 Mei 2022. Actor Melusi Yeni was the millionth man to undergo voluntary male medical circumcision at the Sivananda Clinic in KwaZulu-Natal.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Preventing HIV Through Safe Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision For Adolescent Boys And Men In Generalized HIV Epidemics". Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia. 2020. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 22 November 2021. Diakses tanggal 24 Mei 2021.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wapner J (24 Februari 2015). "The Troubled History of Foreskin". Mosaic Science. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 26 Desember 2021. Diakses tanggal 3 Februari 2022. In the decades since, medical practice has come to rely increasingly on evidence from large research studies, which, as many American doctors see it, have supported the existing rationale... How can experts who have undergone similar training evaluate the same studies and come to opposing conclusions? I've spent months scrutinising the medical literature in an attempt to decide which side is right. The task turned out to be nearly impossible. That's partly because there is so much confused thinking around the risks and benefits of circumcision, even among trained practitioners.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Background, Methods, and Synthesis of Scientific Information Used to Inform "Information for Providers to Share with Male Patients and Parents Regarding Male Circumcision and the Prevention of HIV Infection, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and other Health Outcomes"". stacks.cdc.gov. 22 Agustus 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 22 Oktober 2023. Diakses tanggal 12 Oktober 2023.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
World Health Organization; UNAIDS; Jhpiego (Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics) (Desember 2009). "Manual for Male Circumcision Under Local Anaesthesia" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 15 Januari 2012. ...there are many myths about male circumcision that circulate. For example, some people think that circumcision can cause impotence (failure of erection) or reduce sexual pleasure. Others think that circumcision will cure impotence. Let me assure you that none of these is true. [...ada banyak mitos tentang sirkumsisi pria yang beredar. Misalnya, sebagian orang beranggapan sirkumsisi bisa menyebabkan impotensi (kegagalan ereksi) atau mengurangi kenikmatan seksual. Yang lain berpikir bahwa sirkumsisi akan menyembuhkan impotensi. Izinkan saya meyakinkan Anda bahwa tidak ada satu pun dari hal tersebut yang benar.]{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) Alt URL Diarsipkan 30 March 2023 di Wayback Machine.
"Use of devices for adult male circumcision in public health HIV prevention programmes: Conclusions of the Technical Advisory Group on Innovations in Male Circumcision" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2012. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Maret 2013.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wolter C, Dmochowski R (2008). "Circumcision". Handbook of Office Urological Procedures. Springer. hlm. 88–. ISBN 978-1-84628-523-3. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"STD facts – Human papillomavirus (HPV)". CDC. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 11 September 2012. Diakses tanggal 12 September 2012.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Leber M, Tirumani A (8 Juni 2006). "Balanitis". EMedicine. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 7 Oktober 2008. Diakses tanggal 14 Oktober 2008.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Osipov V, Acker S (November 2006). "Balanoposthitis". Reactive and Inflammatory Dermatoses. EMedicine. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 11 Desember 2006. Diakses tanggal 20 November 2006.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Newborn male circumcision". Canadian Paediatric Society. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 11 April 2023. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2023.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
American Urological Association. "Circumcision". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 25 Agustus 2013. Diakses tanggal 2 November 2008.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Neonatal Circumcision". American Academy of Family Physicians. 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 21 Juli 2015. Diakses tanggal 3 Agustus 2015.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Sorokan ST, Finlay JC, Jefferies AL (8 September 2015). "Newborn male circumcision". Paediatrics & Child Health. 20 (6): 311–320. doi:10.1093/pch/20.6.311. PMC 4578472. PMID 26435672. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Circumcision in men". National Health Service. 22 Februari 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 29 Juni 2020. Diakses tanggal 30 Oktober 2018.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Angulo JC, García-Díez M (Juli 2009). "Male genital representation in paleolithic art: erection and circumcision before history". Urology. 74 (1): 10–14. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2009.01.010. hdl:10400.26/23819. PMID 19395004. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 10 November 2011. Diakses tanggal 7 Februari 2024.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Gollaher D (Februari 2001). "Chapter 1: The Jewish Tradition". Circumcision: A History of the World's Most Controversial Surgery. Basic Books. hlm. 1–30. ISBN 978-0-465-02653-1. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Campbell A, Coulson D (2010). "Big Hippo Site, Oued Afar, Algeria" (PDF). Sahara. 21: 85, 90–91. ISSN 1120-5679. S2CID 191103812. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 26 Oktober 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Soukopova J (Agustus 2017). "Central Saharan rock art: Considering the kettles and cupules". Journal of Arid Environments. 143: 12. Bibcode:2017JArEn.143...10S. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.12.011. S2CID 132225521. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 7 November 2021. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Al-Salem AH (8 November 2016). "Male Circumcision". An Illustrated Guide to Pediatric Urology. Springer Cham. hlm. 480. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44182-5_22. ISBN 978-3-319-44182-5. S2CID 79015190. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 23 Agustus 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Dobanovački D, Milovanović L, Slavković A, Tatić M, Mišković-Skeledžija S, Škorić-Jokić S, Pećanac M (2012). "Surgery Before Common Era (B.C.E.*)" (PDF). Archive of Oncology. 20 (1–2): 29. doi:10.2298/AOO1202028D. S2CID 53008076. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Februari 2023. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Hirsch EG, Kohler K, Jacobs J, Friedenwald A, Broydé I (1906). "Circumcision". Jewish Encyclopedia. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 4 Agustus 2011. Diakses tanggal 8 Maret 2018. In order to prevent the obliteration of the 'seal of the covenant' on the flesh, as circumcision was henceforth called, the Rabbis, probably after the war of Bar Kokba (see Yeb. l.c.; Gen. R. xlvi.), instituted the 'peri'ah' (the laying bare of the glans), without which circumcision was declared to be of no value (Shab. xxx. 6).{{cite encyclopedia}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Gollaher D (Februari 2001). "Chapter 2: Christians and Muslims". Circumcision: A History of the World's Most Controversial Surgery. Basic Books. hlm. 31–52. ISBN 978-0-465-02653-1. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Leslie DD (1998). "The Integration of Religious Minorities in China: The Case of Chinese Muslims" (PDF). The Fifty-ninth George Ernest Morrison Lecture in Ethnology. hlm. 12. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 17 Desember 2010. Diakses tanggal 30 November 2010.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Gollaher D (Februari 2001). "Chapter 3: Symbolic Wounds". Circumcision: A History of the World's Most Controversial Surgery. Basic Books. hlm. 53–72. ISBN 978-0-465-02653-1. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Gollaher D (Februari 2001). "Chapter 4: From Ritual to Science". Circumcision: A History of the World's Most Controversial Surgery. Basic Books. hlm. 73–108. ISBN 978-0-465-02653-1. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
McNeil Jr DG (3 Maret 2009). "AIDS: New Web Site Seeks to Fight Myths About Circumcision and H.I.V." The New York Times. hlm. D6. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 8 Januari 2014. Diakses tanggal 1 Februari 2012.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Clearinghouse on Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention Redesigned". AVAC. Mei 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Maret 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 Maret 2017.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Clark M (10 Maret 2011). Islam For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 170. ISBN 978-1-118-05396-6. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Circumcision". Columbia Encyclopedia. Columbia University Press. 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 24 September 2015.{{cite encyclopedia}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Riggs T (2006). "Christianity: Coptic Christianity". Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices: Religions and denominations. Thomson Gale. ISBN 978-0-7876-6612-5. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 18 Januari 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Clarence-Smith WG (2008). "Islam and Female Genital Cutting in Southeast Asia: The Weight of the Past" (PDF). Finnish Journal of Ethnicity and Migration. 3 (2: Special Issue: Female Genital Cutting in the Past and Today): 14–22. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 6 Maret 2009.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Epstein L (2007). "The Conversion Process". Calgary Jewish Community Council. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 27 Desember 2008. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2007.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Berit Mila Program of Reform Judaism". 7 Oktober 2013. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 7 Oktober 2013. Diakses tanggal 20 Juli 2022.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Glickman M (12 November 2005). "B'rit Milah: A Jewish Answer to Modernity". Reform Judaism. Reform Judaism. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Maret 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 Maret 2017.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Cohen H (20 Mei 2002). "Bo: Defining Boundaries". Jewish Reconstructionist Federation. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 9 Oktober 2007. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2007.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Lowenfeld, Jonah (2 Agustus 2011). "Little-known non-cutting ritual appeals to some who oppose circumcision". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. LA. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 25 Agustus 2018. Diakses tanggal 11 Maret 2020. According to Gottfried, the earliest known brit shalom ceremony was performed around 1970 by her mentor, Rabbi Sherwin Wine, the founder of the Society for Humanistic Judaism.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Chernikoff H (3 Oktober 2007). "Jewish "intactivists" in U.S. stop circumcising". Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 27 Desember 2008. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2007.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Abu-Sahlieh SA (1994). "To mutilate in the name of Jehovah or Allah: legitimization of male and female circumcision". Medicine and Law. 13 (7–8). World Association for Medical Law: 575–622. PMID 7731348.; Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh SA (1995). "Islamic Law and the Issue of Male and Female Circumcision". Third World Legal Studies. 13. Valparaiso University School of Law: 73–101. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 November 2019. Diakses tanggal 13 Februari 2020.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Pope Eugenius IV (1990) [1442]. "Ecumenical Council of Florence (1438–1445): Session 11—4 February 1442; Bull of union with the Copts". Dalam Tanner NP (ed.). Decrees of the ecumenical councils. 2 volumes (dalam bahasa Yunani and Latin). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-490-2. LCCN 90003209. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 25 April 2009. Diakses tanggal 25 April 2007. it denounces all who after that time observe circumcision{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Nga, Armelle (30 Desember 2019). "The Ritual of Circumcision in Africa: The Case of South Africa". Africanews. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 6 Desember 2022. Diakses tanggal 8 November 2022. This practice is old and widespread among African Christians with very close links to their beliefs. It can be executed traditionally or in hospital.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Circumcision protest brought to Florence". Associated Press. 30 Maret 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 26 Maret 2023. Diakses tanggal 2 Agustus 2022. However, the practice is still common among Christians in the United States, Oceania, South Korea, the Philippines, the Middle East and Africa. Some Middle Eastern Christians actually view the procedure as a rite of passage.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Abulafia AS (23 September 2019). "The Abrahamic religions". www.bl.uk. London: British Library. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Juli 2020. Diakses tanggal 9 Maret 2021.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Tuli a rite of passage for Filipino boys". 6 Mei 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 8 Desember 2015. Diakses tanggal 6 Desember 2015.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Zirkumzision nach Dieffenbach. Diarsipkan 2 September 2022 di Wayback Machine. (vgl. Schumpelick u. a., S. 434 ff.)
"'Circumcision season': Philippine rite puts boys under pressure". Channel News Asia. Agence France-Presse. 19 Juni 2019. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 20 Juni 2019. Diakses tanggal 20 Juni 2019.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Circumcision of Infant Males" (PDF). The Royal Australasian College of Physicians. Sep 2010. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Agustus 2015. Diakses tanggal 11 September 2013.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Circumcision remains legal in Germany". Deutsche Welle. 12 Desember 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 26 Oktober 2013. Diakses tanggal 11 September 2013.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors". KNMG Viewpoint. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Nederlandsche Maatschappij tot bevordering der Geneeskunst (KNMG) (Royal Dutch Society for the Promotion of Medicine). Mei 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 8 Maret 2018. Diakses tanggal 7 Maret 2018.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

who.int (Global: 213^th place; Indonesian: 189^th place)

who.int

"Preventing HIV Through Safe Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision For Adolescent Boys And Men In Generalized HIV Epidemics". Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia. 2020. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 22 November 2021. Diakses tanggal 24 Mei 2021.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
World Health Organization; UNAIDS; Jhpiego (Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics) (Desember 2009). "Manual for Male Circumcision Under Local Anaesthesia" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 15 Januari 2012. ...there are many myths about male circumcision that circulate. For example, some people think that circumcision can cause impotence (failure of erection) or reduce sexual pleasure. Others think that circumcision will cure impotence. Let me assure you that none of these is true. [...ada banyak mitos tentang sirkumsisi pria yang beredar. Misalnya, sebagian orang beranggapan sirkumsisi bisa menyebabkan impotensi (kegagalan ereksi) atau mengurangi kenikmatan seksual. Yang lain berpikir bahwa sirkumsisi akan menyembuhkan impotensi. Izinkan saya meyakinkan Anda bahwa tidak ada satu pun dari hal tersebut yang benar.]{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) Alt URL Diarsipkan 30 March 2023 di Wayback Machine.
"Human papillomavirus and cancer" [Human papillomavirus dan kanker]. www.who.int. World Health Organisation. Diakses tanggal 14 November 2025.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

apps.who.int

Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 14 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 14 April 2022. There are significant benefits in performing male circumcision in early infancy, and programmes that promote early infant male circumcision are likely to have lower morbidity rates and lower costs than programmes targeting adolescent boys and men.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 14 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 14 April 2022. There are significant benefits in performing male circumcision in early infancy, and programmes that promote early infant male circumcision are likely to have lower morbidity rates and lower costs than programmes targeting adolescent boys and men.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

whqlibdoc.who.int

"Use of devices for adult male circumcision in public health HIV prevention programmes: Conclusions of the Technical Advisory Group on Innovations in Male Circumcision" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2012. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 Maret 2013.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Indonesian: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Weiss H, Polonsky J, Bailey R, Hankins C, Halperin D, Schmid G (2007). Male circumcision: global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety, and acceptability (PDF). Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-159616-9. OCLC 425961131. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 22 Desember 2015.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Sharma, Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar; Hokello, Joseph; Tyagi, Mudit (25 Juni 2021). "Circumcision as an Intervening Strategy against HIV Acquisition in the Male Genital Tract". Pathogens. 10 (7): 806. doi:10.3390/pathogens10070806. ISSN 2076-0817. PMC 8308621. PMID 34201976.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Morris, Brian J.; Wamai, Richard G.; Henebeng, Esther B.; Tobian, Aaron Ar; Klausner, Jeffrey D.; Banerjee, Joya; Hankins, Catherine A. (2016). "Estimation of country-specific and global prevalence of male circumcision". Population Health Metrics. 14 4. doi:10.1186/s12963-016-0073-5. ISSN 1478-7954. PMC 4772313. PMID 26933388.
Morris, Brian J.; Wamai, Richard G.; Henebeng, Esther B.; Tobian, Aaron AR; Klausner, Jeffrey D.; Banerjee, Joya; Hankins, Catherine A. (2016-03-01). "Estimation of country-specific and global prevalence of male circumcision". Population Health Metrics. 14 (1) 4: 1–13. doi:10.1186/s12963-016-0073-5. ISSN 1478-7954. PMC 4772313. PMID 26933388.
Press B, Jalfon M, Solomon D, Hittelman AB (Juli 2024). "Clinical and environmental considerations for neonatal, office-based circumcisions compared with operative circumcisions". Frontiers in Urology. 4 1380154. doi:10.3389/fruro.2024.1380154. ISSN 2673-9828. PMC 12327250. PMID 40777091. Neonatal circumcision is supported by both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) due to the belief that the health benefits outweigh the minimal risk of the procedure.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Pabalan, N.; Singian, E.; Jarjanazi, H.; Paganini-Hill, A. (2015-07-28). "Association of male circumcision with risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis". Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (dalam bahasa Inggris). 18 (4): 352–357. doi:10.1038/pcan.2015.34. ISSN 1476-5608. PMID 26215783 – via Nature.
Campbell A, Coulson D (2010). "Big Hippo Site, Oued Afar, Algeria" (PDF). Sahara. 21: 85, 90–91. ISSN 1120-5679. S2CID 191103812. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 26 Oktober 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Cohen-Almagor R (9 November 2020). "Should liberal government regulate male circumcision performed in the name of Jewish tradition?". SN Social Sciences. 1 (1) 8. doi:10.1007/s43545-020-00011-7. ISSN 2662-9283. S2CID 228911544. Protagonists and critics of male circumcision agree on some things and disagree on many others... They also do not underestimate the importance of male circumcision for the relevant communities.... Even the most critical voices of male circumcision do not suggest putting a blanket ban on the practice as they understand that such a ban, very much like the 1920–1933 prohibition laws in the United States, would not be effective... Protagonists and critics of male circumcision debate whether the practice is morally acceptable... They assign different weights to harm as well as to medical risks and to non-medical benefits. The different weights to risks and benefits conform to their underlying views about the practices... Protagonists and critics disagree about the significance of medical reasons for circumcision...{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Musaeva, Majsarat K.; Solovyova, Lubov T. (2022-06-23). "The Rite of Circumcision Among the Peoples of the Caucasus". History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus. 18 (2): 497–518. doi:10.32653/ch182497-518. ISSN 2618-849X.
Alimen, Nazlı; Askegaard, Søren (2020-10-01). "Religious ritual and sociopolitical ideologies: Circumcision costumes in the Turkish marketplace". International Journal of Fashion Studies. 7 (2): 211–236. doi:10.1386/infs_00027_1. ISSN 2051-7106.

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