Aplin, K.P., H. Suzuki, A.A. Chinen, R.T. Chesser,et al. (2011). "Multiple geographic origins of commensalism and complex dispersal history of black rats". PLoS ONE6(11): e26357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026357
Wilson, D.E., R.A. Mittermeier & T.E. Lacher, Jr. (2017). "Muridae". Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Vol. 7 Rodents II: 536-884, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. (hlm. pada Plazi; diakses pada 23 April 2024).
Dinets, V. & K. Asada (2021). "Noble savages: human-independent Rattus rats in Japan". Journal of Natural History, 54(37-38): 2391-2414. (via Plazi; diakses pada 23 April 2024).