Avari (Italian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Avari" in Italian language version.

Last modified: 15:29:03, 13 July 2026 (UTC)

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academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; Italian: 80^th place)

(EN) Adam Kubik, The Kizil Caves as an terminus post quem of the Central and Western Asiatic pear-shape spangenhelm type helmets, in Histïria I Swiat, vol. 7, 2008, p. 151.
(EN) Florin Curta, The Slavic lingua franca (Linguistic notes of an archaeologist turned historian), in East Central Europe, vol. 31, 2004, pp. 125-148, DOI:10.1163/187633004X00134. URL consultato il 16 novembre 2021.
«Al contrario, esistono pochissime prove che i locutori slavi abbiano avuto qualche contatto significativo con quelli turchi. Di conseguenza, e poiché una porzione dei termini assorbiti dallo slavo comune è di origine iranica, [la linguista] Johanna Nichols ha avanzato l'ipotesi secondo cui gli Avari si esprimessero in una lingua iranica, non turca»

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Italian: 2^nd place)

Storie di Teofilatto Simocatta, p. 226, nota 48. Teofilatto Simocatta, The History of Theophylact Simocatta, traduzione di Michael e Mary Whitby, Clarendon Press, 1986, ISBN 0-19-822799-X.
Storie di Teofilatto Simocatta, pp. 223-225. Teofilatto Simocatta, The History of Theophylact Simocatta, traduzione di Michael e Mary Whitby, Clarendon Press, 1986, ISBN 0-19-822799-X.
Storie di Teofilatto Simocatta, p. 160. Teofilatto Simocatta, The History of Theophylact Simocatta, traduzione di Michael e Mary Whitby, Clarendon Press, 1986, ISBN 0-19-822799-X.
Curta (2006), p. 79. (EN) Florin Curta, Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-511-81563-8.
Cvetkov (1993), p. 74. (EN) Plamen S. Cvetkov, A History of the Balkans: A Regional Overview from a Bulgarian Perspective, vol. 1, EM Text, 1993, ISBN 978-07-73-41956-8.
Curta (2006), p. 130. (EN) Florin Curta, Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-511-81563-8.
Strategikon, pp. 12, 23. Maurice's Strategikon: Handbook of Byzantine Military Strategy, traduzione di George T. Dennis, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984, ISBN 0-8122-1772-1.
Barford (2001), p. 78. (EN) Paul M. Barford, The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe, Itaca, Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 0801439779.
Barford (2001), p. 79. (EN) Paul M. Barford, The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe, Itaca, Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 0801439779.
Curta (2006), pp. 92-93. (EN) Florin Curta, Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-511-81563-8.

books.google.it (Global: 173^rd place; Italian: 5^th place)

Pohl (2018), p. 391. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Pohl (2018), p. 41: Teofilatto Simocatta li chiamava così perché pensava che i veri Avari fossero i Rouran. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Pohl (2018), p. 1. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
(EN) Michael Frassetto, The Early Medieval World: From the Fall of Rome to the Time of Charlemagne, ABC-CLIO, 2013, p. 85, ISBN 978-15-98-84996-7.
«Le origini esatte degli Avari rimangono incerte [...]»
Beckwith (2009), pp. 390-391: "Gli Avari contenevano certamente popoli appartenenti a diversi gruppi etnolinguistici, per cui i tentativi di identificarli con uno piuttosto che un altro popolo orientale specifico sono fuorvianti". (EN) Christopher I. Beckwith, Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present, Princeton University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-06-91-13589-2.
Kardaras (2018), p. 17. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Curta (2019), p. 51. (EN) Florin Curta, Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300), BRILL, 2019, ISBN 978-90-04-39519-0.
Pohl (2018), p. XIII. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Kardaras (2018), pp. 14-15. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Kardaras (2018), p. 13. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Pohl (2018), p. 38. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Sinor (1990), p. 206. (EN) Denis Sinor, The Avars, in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
Pohl (2018), p. 41. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Sinor (1990), p. 222. (EN) Denis Sinor, The Avars, in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
Kardaras (2018), p. 16. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Pohl (2018), p. 418. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Sinor (1990), p. 220. (EN) Denis Sinor, The Avars, in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
Gibbon (2020), p. 4. (EN) Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vol. 4, Jazzybee Verlag, 2020, ISBN 978-38-49-65855-7.
Pohl (2018), pp. 208-209. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Pohl (2018), p. 267. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Fine (1991), p. 30. (EN) John Van Antwerp Jr. Fine, The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1991, ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
Frassetto (2003), p. 55. (EN) Michael Frassetto, Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation, ABC-CLIO, 2003, ISBN 978-15-76-07263-9.
Pohl (2018), p. 245. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Pohl (2018), p. 28. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Curta (2001), p. 206 (nota 36). (EN) Florin Curta, The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-11-39-42888-0.
Pohl (2018), p. 104. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Kardaras (2018), p. 28. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Minahan (2000), p. 430. (EN) James Minahan, One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000, ISBN 978-03-13-30984-7.
Curta (2001), p. 92. (EN) Florin Curta, The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-11-39-42888-0.
Kardaras (2018), p. 33. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Sinor (1990), p. 208. (EN) Denis Sinor, The Avars, in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
Kardaras (2018), p. 39. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Sinor (1990), pp. 208-209. (EN) Denis Sinor, The Avars, in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
Pohl (2018), p. XVI. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Staffa (2018), p. 189. Giuseppe Staffa, I secoli bui del Medioevo, Newton Compton Editori, 2018, ISBN 978-88-22-72684-1.
Pohl (2018), p. 163. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Pohl (2018), pp. 163-164. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Pohl (2018), p. 164. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Pohl (2018), p. 168. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Curta (2001), p. 99 (nota 80). (EN) Florin Curta, The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-11-39-42888-0.
Pohl (2018), p. 187. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Kardaras (2018), pp. 57-58. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
(EN) John M. Riddle, A History of the Middle Ages, 300–1500, 2ª ed., Rowman & Littlefield, 2016, p. 115, ISBN 978-14-42-24686-7.
(EN) John Carr, Fighting Emperors of Byzantium, Pen and Sword, 2015, p. 78, ISBN 978-17-83-83116-6.
Kardaras (2018), p. 61. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Curta (2001), p. 81. (EN) Florin Curta, The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-11-39-42888-0.
Kardaras (2018), p. 63. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
(EN) Alexander Basilevsky, Early Ukraine: A Military and Social History to the Mid-19th Century, McFarland, 2016, p. 64, ISBN 978-07-86-49714-0.
Pohl (2018), p. 284. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Kardaras (2018), p. 185. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Pohl (2018), p. 138. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Kardaras (2018), p. 80. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Kardaras (2018), p. 60. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Sinor (1990), p. 215. (EN) Denis Sinor, The Avars, in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
Kardaras (2018), p. 94. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Pohl (2018), p. 279. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Sugar e Hanák (1990), p. 9. (EN) Peter F. Sugar e Péter Hanák, A History of Hungary, Indiana University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-02-53-20867-5.
(EN) Carl Waldman e Catherine Mason, Encyclopedia of European Peoples, Infobase Publishing, 2006, pp. 106-107, ISBN 978-14-38-12918-1.
Pohl (2018), p. 336. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
(EN) Peter Crawford, Justinian II: The Roman Emperor Who Lost his Nose and his Throne and Regained Both, Pen and Sword History, 2021, p. 193, ISBN 978-15-26-75531-5.
Curta (2001), p. 82. (EN) Florin Curta, The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-11-39-42888-0.
Pohl (2018), p. 351. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Kardaras (2018), p. 115. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Pohl (2018), p. 393. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Sinor (1990), p. 217. (EN) Denis Sinor, The Avars, in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
Pohl (2018), p. XVIII. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Curta (2019), p. 101. (EN) Florin Curta, Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300), BRILL, 2019, ISBN 978-90-04-39519-0.
Schutz (2004), p. 60. (EN) Herbert Schutz, The Carolingians in Central Europe, Their History, Arts, and Architecture: A Cultural History of Central Europe, 750-900, BRILL, 2004, ISBN 90-04-13149-3.
Collins (1999), p. 287. (EN) Roger Collins, Early Medieval Europe 300–1000, Macmillan International Higher Education, 1999, ISBN 978-13-49-27533-5.
Bowlus (1995), pp. 47, 80. (EN) Charles R. Bowlus, Franks, Moravians, and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788-907, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995, ISBN 978-08-12-23276-9.
Pohl (2018), pp. 378-379. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Pohl (2018), pp. 381-382. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Schutz (2004), p. 61. (EN) Herbert Schutz, The Carolingians in Central Europe, Their History, Arts, and Architecture: A Cultural History of Central Europe, 750-900, BRILL, 2004, ISBN 90-04-13149-3.
Schutz (2004), pp. 61-62. (EN) Herbert Schutz, The Carolingians in Central Europe, Their History, Arts, and Architecture: A Cultural History of Central Europe, 750-900, BRILL, 2004, ISBN 90-04-13149-3.
Pohl (2018), p. 384. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Kardaras (2018), p. 133. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Sinor (1990), pp. 218-220. (EN) Denis Sinor, The Avars, in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
Schutz (2004), p. 62. (EN) Herbert Schutz, The Carolingians in Central Europe, Their History, Arts, and Architecture: A Cultural History of Central Europe, 750-900, BRILL, 2004, ISBN 90-04-13149-3.
Staffa (2018), p. 402. Giuseppe Staffa, I secoli bui del Medioevo, Newton Compton Editori, 2018, ISBN 978-88-22-72684-1.
Pohl (2018), p. 543. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Kardaras (2018), p. 90. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Pohl (2018), p. XIX. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
(EN) Kevin Alan Brook, The Jews of Khazaria, 2ª ed., Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006, p. 189 (nota 29), ISBN 978-14-42-20302-0.
Steinhübel (2020), p. 141. (EN) Ján Steinhübel, The Nitrian Principality: The Beginnings of Medieval Slovakia, BRILL, 2020, ISBN 978-90-04-43863-7.
Steinhübel (2020), p. 35. (EN) Ján Steinhübel, The Nitrian Principality: The Beginnings of Medieval Slovakia, BRILL, 2020, ISBN 978-90-04-43863-7.
Pohl (2018), pp. 276, 545.
«Et primo quidem Pannoniorum et Avarum solitudines pererrantes». (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Hans-Werner Goetz, Jörg Jarnut e Walter Pohl, Regna and Gentes, BRILL, 2003, p. 574, ISBN 978-90-04-12524-7.
(EN) Mladen Ančić, Jonathan Shepard e Trpimir Vedriš, Imperial Spheres and the Adriatic: Byzantium, the Carolingians and the Treaty of Aachen (812), Routledge, 2017, ISBN 978-13-51-61429-0.
Fine (1991), p. 78. (EN) John Van Antwerp Jr. Fine, The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1991, ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
Kardaras (2018), p. 98. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Pohl (2018), p. 368. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Curta (2001), pp. 205-206. (EN) Florin Curta, The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-11-39-42888-0.
Pohl (2018), p. 259. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Berend, Urbanczyk e Wiszewski (2013), p. 51. (EN) Nora Berend, Przemyslaw Urbanczyk e Przemyslaw Wiszewski, Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900–c.1300, Cambridge University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-05-21-78156-5.
Kardaras (2018), p. 113. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Curta (2019), p. 52. (EN) Florin Curta, Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300), BRILL, 2019, ISBN 978-90-04-39519-0.
Pohl (2018), p. 176. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Sinor (1990), p. 219. (EN) Denis Sinor, The Avars, in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
Pohl (2018), p. 319. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Kardaras (2018), p. 89. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Pohl (2018), p. 210. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Sinor (1990), p. 211. (EN) Denis Sinor, The Avars, in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
Curta (2001), p. 207. (EN) Florin Curta, The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-11-39-42888-0.
Kardaras (2018), p. 166. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Pohl (2018), p. 211. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Steinhübel (2020), p. 66. (EN) Ján Steinhübel, The Nitrian Principality: The Beginnings of Medieval Slovakia, BRILL, 2020, ISBN 978-90-04-43863-7.
Pohl (2018), p. 212. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Kardaras (2018), p. 180. (EN) Georgios Kardaras, Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-38226-8.
Pohl (2018), pp. 254-262. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
Pohl (2018), p. 142. (EN) Walter Pohl, The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822, Ithaca e Londra, Cornell University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-15-01-72940-9.
(EN) David Keys, Catastrophe: An Investigation into the Origins of the Modern World, Random House Publishing Group, 2000, p. 47, ISBN 978-03-45-44436-3.
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Sinor (1990), p. 224. (EN) Denis Sinor, The Avars, in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
(EN) Florin Curta, Slavs in the Making: History, Linguistics, and Archaeology in Eastern Europe (ca. 500 – ca. 700), Routledge, 2020, p. 13, ISBN 978-13-51-33001-5.
(EN) Przemysław Urbańczyk, Origins of Central Europe, Scientific Society of Polish Archaeologists, 1997, p. 56, ISBN 978-83-85-46356-6.
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(EN) Carl Waldman e Catherine Mason, Encyclopedia of European Peoples, Infobase Publishing, 2006, p. 743, ISBN 978-14-38-12918-1.
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britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; Italian: 78^th place)

(EN) Avar, su Encyclopaedia Britannica. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2021.
«Gli Avari, uno dei popoli di origine e lingua indeterminate [...]»

cngcoins.com (Global: low place; Italian: low place)

(EN) CNG: Feature Auction Triton XII. AVARS. Uncertain king. 6th-7th centuries AD. AV Solidus (4.33 g, 6h). Imitating Ravenna mint types of Heraclius, su cngcoins.com. URL consultato il 16 novembre 2021.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Italian: 3^rd place)

dx.doi.org

Harmatta (2001), pp. 109-118. (EN) Janos Harmatta, The letter sent by the Turk Khagan to the Emperor Mauricius (PDF), in Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, vol. 41, 2001, pp. 109-118, DOI:10.1556/AAnt.41.2001.1-2.11.
Csősz et al. (2016), p. 1. (EN) Aranka Csősz et al., Maternal Genetic Ancestry and Legacy of 10th Century AD Hungarians, in Scientific Reports, vol. 6, Nature Research, 2016, DOI:10.1038/srep33446.
Csősz et al. (2016), pp. 2-4. (EN) Aranka Csősz et al., Maternal Genetic Ancestry and Legacy of 10th Century AD Hungarians, in Scientific Reports, vol. 6, Nature Research, 2016, DOI:10.1038/srep33446.
Šebest et al. (2018), p. 1. (EN) Lukáš Šebest e Marian Baldovič, Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar‐slavic population from the eighth–ninth century AD, in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 165, n. 3, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2018, pp. 536-553, DOI:10.1002/ajpa.23380.
Šebest et al. (2018), pp. 1, 6. (EN) Lukáš Šebest e Marian Baldovič, Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar‐slavic population from the eighth–ninth century AD, in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 165, n. 3, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2018, pp. 536-553, DOI:10.1002/ajpa.23380.
Šebest et al. (2018), p. 14. (EN) Lukáš Šebest e Marian Baldovič, Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar‐slavic population from the eighth–ninth century AD, in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 165, n. 3, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2018, pp. 536-553, DOI:10.1002/ajpa.23380.
Šebest et al. (2018), p. 14: "La spiegazione più probabile delle nostre scoperte potrebbe essere che il tasso di assimilazione di avari e slavi fosse già relativamente alto nella popolazione antica mista analizzata, dove la maggior parte dei matrimoni interetnici coinvolgeva uomini avari e donne slave". (EN) Lukáš Šebest e Marian Baldovič, Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar‐slavic population from the eighth–ninth century AD, in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 165, n. 3, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2018, pp. 536-553, DOI:10.1002/ajpa.23380.
Neparáczki et al. (2019), p. 3. (EN) Endre Neparáczki et al., Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin, in Scientific Reports, vol. 9, Nature Research, 2019, DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5.
Neparáczki et al. (2019), pp. 5-7: "Tutti i campioni di età unna e avara avevano colori di occhi/capelli di certo scuri [...] 8/15 individui di età avara hanno lasciato intuire un'origine prevalentemente dell'Asia orientale con entrambi i metodi, quattro individui erano sicuramente europei, mentre due hanno mostrato segni di commistione". (EN) Endre Neparáczki et al., Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin, in Scientific Reports, vol. 9, Nature Research, 2019, DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5.
Csáky et al. (2020), p. 1. (EN) Veronika Csáky et al., Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin, in Scientific Reports, vol. 10, n. 948, Nature Research, 2020, DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-57378-8.
Csáky et al. (2020), pp. 1, 4. (EN) Veronika Csáky et al., Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin, in Scientific Reports, vol. 10, n. 948, Nature Research, 2020, DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-57378-8.
Csáky et al. (2020), pp. 1, 9-10. (EN) Veronika Csáky et al., Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin, in Scientific Reports, vol. 10, n. 948, Nature Research, 2020, DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-57378-8.
(EN) Florin Curta, The Slavic lingua franca (Linguistic notes of an archaeologist turned historian), in East Central Europe, vol. 31, 2004, pp. 125-148, DOI:10.1163/187633004X00134. URL consultato il 16 novembre 2021.
«Al contrario, esistono pochissime prove che i locutori slavi abbiano avuto qualche contatto significativo con quelli turchi. Di conseguenza, e poiché una porzione dei termini assorbiti dallo slavo comune è di origine iranica, [la linguista] Johanna Nichols ha avanzato l'ipotesi secondo cui gli Avari si esprimessero in una lingua iranica, non turca»
(EN) Endre Neparáczki, Zoltán Maróti, Tibor Kalmár e Klaudia Kocsy, Mitogenomic data indicate admixture components of Central-Inner Asian and Srubnaya origin in the conquering Hungarians, in PLOS ONE, vol. 13, n. 10, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 18 ottobre 2018, p. e0205920, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0205920, ISSN 1932-6203 (WC · ACNP).

encyclopediaofukraine.com (Global: 2,876^th place; Italian: 2,386^th place)

(EN) Avars, su Encyclopedia of Ukraine.

mtak.hu (Global: 6,485^th place; Italian: low place)

real.mtak.hu

Harmatta (2001), pp. 109-118. (EN) Janos Harmatta, The letter sent by the Turk Khagan to the Emperor Mauricius (PDF), in Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, vol. 41, 2001, pp. 109-118, DOI:10.1556/AAnt.41.2001.1-2.11.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; Italian: 186^th place)

nature.com

Csősz et al. (2016), p. 1. (EN) Aranka Csősz et al., Maternal Genetic Ancestry and Legacy of 10th Century AD Hungarians, in Scientific Reports, vol. 6, Nature Research, 2016, DOI:10.1038/srep33446.
Csősz et al. (2016), pp. 2-4. (EN) Aranka Csősz et al., Maternal Genetic Ancestry and Legacy of 10th Century AD Hungarians, in Scientific Reports, vol. 6, Nature Research, 2016, DOI:10.1038/srep33446.
Neparáczki et al. (2019), p. 3. (EN) Endre Neparáczki et al., Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin, in Scientific Reports, vol. 9, Nature Research, 2019, DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5.
Neparáczki et al. (2019), pp. 5-7: "Tutti i campioni di età unna e avara avevano colori di occhi/capelli di certo scuri [...] 8/15 individui di età avara hanno lasciato intuire un'origine prevalentemente dell'Asia orientale con entrambi i metodi, quattro individui erano sicuramente europei, mentre due hanno mostrato segni di commistione". (EN) Endre Neparáczki et al., Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin, in Scientific Reports, vol. 9, Nature Research, 2019, DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5.

idp.nature.com

Csáky et al. (2020), p. 1. (EN) Veronika Csáky et al., Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin, in Scientific Reports, vol. 10, n. 948, Nature Research, 2020, DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-57378-8.
Csáky et al. (2020), pp. 1, 4. (EN) Veronika Csáky et al., Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin, in Scientific Reports, vol. 10, n. 948, Nature Research, 2020, DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-57378-8.
Csáky et al. (2020), pp. 1, 9-10. (EN) Veronika Csáky et al., Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin, in Scientific Reports, vol. 10, n. 948, Nature Research, 2020, DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-57378-8.

oadoi.org (Global: 612^th place; Italian: 14^th place)

Šebest et al. (2018), p. 1. (EN) Lukáš Šebest e Marian Baldovič, Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar‐slavic population from the eighth–ninth century AD, in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 165, n. 3, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2018, pp. 536-553, DOI:10.1002/ajpa.23380.
Šebest et al. (2018), pp. 1, 6. (EN) Lukáš Šebest e Marian Baldovič, Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar‐slavic population from the eighth–ninth century AD, in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 165, n. 3, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2018, pp. 536-553, DOI:10.1002/ajpa.23380.
Šebest et al. (2018), p. 14. (EN) Lukáš Šebest e Marian Baldovič, Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar‐slavic population from the eighth–ninth century AD, in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 165, n. 3, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2018, pp. 536-553, DOI:10.1002/ajpa.23380.
Šebest et al. (2018), p. 14: "La spiegazione più probabile delle nostre scoperte potrebbe essere che il tasso di assimilazione di avari e slavi fosse già relativamente alto nella popolazione antica mista analizzata, dove la maggior parte dei matrimoni interetnici coinvolgeva uomini avari e donne slave". (EN) Lukáš Šebest e Marian Baldovič, Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar‐slavic population from the eighth–ninth century AD, in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 165, n. 3, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2018, pp. 536-553, DOI:10.1002/ajpa.23380.

oszk.hu (Global: 896^th place; Italian: 3,705^th place)

mek.oszk.hu

Köpeczi, Makkai e Mócsy (2001), p. 218. (EN) Béla Köpeczi, László Makkai e András Mócsy, The period of Avar rule, in History of Transylvania: From the beginnings to 1606, Social Science Monographs, 2001, pp. 218-244.
Köpeczi, Makkai e Mócsy (2001), p. 240. (EN) Béla Köpeczi, László Makkai e András Mócsy, The period of Avar rule, in History of Transylvania: From the beginnings to 1606, Social Science Monographs, 2001, pp. 218-244.
Köpeczi, Makkai e Mócsy (2001), p. 225. (EN) Béla Köpeczi, László Makkai e András Mócsy, The period of Avar rule, in History of Transylvania: From the beginnings to 1606, Social Science Monographs, 2001, pp. 218-244.

plos.org (Global: 2,101^st place; Italian: 1,301^st place)

journals.plos.org

(EN) Endre Neparáczki, Zoltán Maróti, Tibor Kalmár e Klaudia Kocsy, Mitogenomic data indicate admixture components of Central-Inner Asian and Srubnaya origin in the conquering Hungarians, in PLOS ONE, vol. 13, n. 10, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 18 ottobre 2018, p. e0205920, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0205920, ISSN 1932-6203 (WC · ACNP).

regesta-imperii.de (Global: 9,290^th place; Italian: 6,653^rd place)

opac.regesta-imperii.de

(EN) Pal Lipták, Recherches anthropologiques sur les ossements avares des environs d'Üllö, in Acta archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, vol. 6, 1955, pp. 231-314.

srce.hr (Global: 1,163^rd place; Italian: 1,291^st place)

hrcak.srce.hr

(EN) Edwin G. Pulleyblank, The Peoples of the Steppe Frontier in Early Chinese Sources, in Migracijske teme, vol. 15, 1999, pp. 35, 44.
(EN) Ana Silić e Emil Heršak, The Avars: A Review of Their Ethnogenesis and History, in Migracijske I Etničke Teme, vol. 18, n. 2-3, 2002, pp. 197-224, ISSN 1333-2546 (WC · ACNP). URL consultato il 17 novembre 2021.

taylorfrancis.com (Global: 1,902^nd place; Italian: 4,128^th place)

Havlík (2004), p. 228. (EN) Lubomír E. Havlík, Great Moravia between the Franconians, Byzantium and Rome, in Centre and Periphery: Comparative Studies in Archaeology, Routledge, 2004, pp. 227-237, ISBN 978-0-415-12253-5.

u-szeged.hu (Global: 9,326^th place; Italian: low place)

doktori.bibl.u-szeged.hu

(HU) Endre Neparacki, A honfoglalók genetikai származásának és rokonsági viszonyainak vizsgálata archeogenetikai módszerekkel (PDF), ELTE TTK Biológia Doktori Iskola, 2017, pp. 61-65. URL consultato il 18 novembre 2021.
«Tra tutte le popolazioni recenti e arcaiche studiate, i tatari del Volga mostrano la minore distanza genetica dall'intera popolazione dei conquistatori [...] [e] una relazione genetica diretta dei conquistatori con gli antenati onoguro-bulgari di questi gruppi è molto probabile»

unibo.it (Global: 3,746^th place; Italian: 288^th place)

acnpsearch.unibo.it

(EN) Ana Silić e Emil Heršak, The Avars: A Review of Their Ethnogenesis and History, in Migracijske I Etničke Teme, vol. 18, n. 2-3, 2002, pp. 197-224, ISSN 1333-2546 (WC · ACNP). URL consultato il 17 novembre 2021.
(EN) Endre Neparáczki, Zoltán Maróti, Tibor Kalmár e Klaudia Kocsy, Mitogenomic data indicate admixture components of Central-Inner Asian and Srubnaya origin in the conquering Hungarians, in PLOS ONE, vol. 13, n. 10, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 18 ottobre 2018, p. e0205920, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0205920, ISSN 1932-6203 (WC · ACNP).

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Italian: 1^st place)

(EN) B. Lukács, For the memory of the avar khagans, su rmki.kfki.hu. URL consultato il 18 novembre 2021 (archiviato dall'url originale il 17 febbraio 2012).

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Italian: 18^th place)

(EN) Ana Silić e Emil Heršak, The Avars: A Review of Their Ethnogenesis and History, in Migracijske I Etničke Teme, vol. 18, n. 2-3, 2002, pp. 197-224, ISSN 1333-2546 (WC · ACNP). URL consultato il 17 novembre 2021.
(EN) Endre Neparáczki, Zoltán Maróti, Tibor Kalmár e Klaudia Kocsy, Mitogenomic data indicate admixture components of Central-Inner Asian and Srubnaya origin in the conquering Hungarians, in PLOS ONE, vol. 13, n. 10, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 18 ottobre 2018, p. e0205920, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0205920, ISSN 1932-6203 (WC · ACNP).

Avari (Italian Wikipedia)

academia.edu (Global: 105th place; Italian: 80th place)

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doi.org (Global: 2nd place; Italian: 3rd place)

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nature.com

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mek.oszk.hu

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hrcak.srce.hr

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academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; Italian: 80^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Italian: 2^nd place)

books.google.it (Global: 173^rd place; Italian: 5^th place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; Italian: 78^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Italian: 3^rd place)

encyclopediaofukraine.com (Global: 2,876^th place; Italian: 2,386^th place)

mtak.hu (Global: 6,485^th place; Italian: low place)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; Italian: 186^th place)

oadoi.org (Global: 612^th place; Italian: 14^th place)

oszk.hu (Global: 896^th place; Italian: 3,705^th place)

plos.org (Global: 2,101^st place; Italian: 1,301^st place)

regesta-imperii.de (Global: 9,290^th place; Italian: 6,653^rd place)

srce.hr (Global: 1,163^rd place; Italian: 1,291^st place)

taylorfrancis.com (Global: 1,902^nd place; Italian: 4,128^th place)

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unibo.it (Global: 3,746^th place; Italian: 288^th place)

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