Codice genetico (Italian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Codice genetico" in Italian language version.

refsWebsite

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49nih.gov

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45doi.org

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21oadoi.org

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13harvard.edu

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1sciencemag.org

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1talkorigins.org

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1archive.org

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1oxfordjournals.org

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1arxiv.org

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(EN) Wei J, Zhang Y, Ivanov IP, Sachs MS, The stringency of start codon selection in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, in J. Biol. Chem., vol. 288, n. 13, 2013, pp. 9549-62, DOI:10.1074/jbc.M112.447177, PMC 3611022, PMID 23396971. URL consultato il 21 ottobre 2022 (archiviato dall'url originale il 2 settembre 2015).

archive.org

Simon M, Emergent computation: emphasizing bioinformatics, New York, AIP Press/Springer Science+Business Media, 2005, pp. 105-106, ISBN 0-387-22046-1.

arxiv.org

Tlusty T, Rate-distortion scenario for the emergence and evolution of noisy molecular codes, in Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 100, n. 4, Feb 2008, p. 048101, Bibcode:2008PhRvL.100d8101T, DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.048101, PMID 18352335, arXiv:1007.4149.

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Turanov AA, Lobanov AV, Fomenko DE, Morrison HG, Sogin ML, Klobutcher LA, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN, Genetic code supports targeted insertion of two amino acids by one codon, in Science, vol. 323, n. 5911, 2009, pp. 259-61, DOI:10.1126/science.1164748, PMC 3088105, PMID 19131629.
Nirenberg MW e Matthaei JH, The dependence of cell-free protein synthesis in E. coli upon naturally occurring or synthetic polyribonucleotides, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 47, n. 10, ottobre 1961, pp. 1588-1602, DOI:10.1073/pnas.47.10.1588, PMC 223178, PMID 14479932.
Gardner RS, Wahba AJ, Basilio C, Miller RS, Lengyel P e Speyer JF, Synthetic polynucleotides and the amino acid code. VII, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 48, n. 12, dicembre 1962, pp. 2087-94, Bibcode:1962PNAS...48.2087G, DOI:10.1073/pnas.48.12.2087, PMC 221128, PMID 13946552.
Wahba AJ, Gardner RS, Basilio C, Miller RS, Speyer JF e Lengyel P, Synthetic polynucleotides and the amino acid code. VIII, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 49, n. 1, gennaio 1963, pp. 116-22, Bibcode:1963PNAS...49..116W, DOI:10.1073/pnas.49.1.116, PMC 300638, PMID 13998282.
Nirenberg M, Leder P, Bernfield M, Brimacombe R, Trupin J, Rottman F e O'Neal C, RNA codewords and protein synthesis, VII. On the general nature of the RNA code, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 53, n. 5, maggio 1965, pp. 1161-8, Bibcode:1965PNAS...53.1161N, DOI:10.1073/pnas.53.5.1161, PMC 301388, PMID 5330357.
Touriol C, Bornes S, Bonnal S, Audigier S, Prats H, Prats AC e Vagner S, Generation of protein isoform diversity by alternative initiation of translation at non-AUG codons, in Biol. Cell, vol. 95, 3–4, 2003, pp. 169-78, DOI:10.1016/S0248-4900(03)00033-9, PMID 12867081.
(EN) Wei J, Zhang Y, Ivanov IP, Sachs MS, The stringency of start codon selection in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, in J. Biol. Chem., vol. 288, n. 13, 2013, pp. 9549-62, DOI:10.1074/jbc.M112.447177, PMC 3611022, PMID 23396971. URL consultato il 21 ottobre 2022 (archiviato dall'url originale il 2 settembre 2015).
Freisinger E, Grollman AP, Miller H e Kisker C, Lesion (in)tolerance reveals insights into DNA replication fidelity, in The EMBO Journal, vol. 23, n. 7, 2004, pp. 1494-505, DOI:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600158, PMC 391067, PMID 15057282.
Chang JC e Kan YW, beta 0 thalassemia, a nonsense mutation in man, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 76, n. 6, giugno 1979, pp. 2886-9, Bibcode:1979PNAS...76.2886C, DOI:10.1073/pnas.76.6.2886, PMC 383714, PMID 88735.
Boillée S, Vande Velde C e Cleveland DW, ALS: a disease of motor neurons and their nonneuronal neighbors, in Neuron, vol. 52, n. 1, ottobre 2006, pp. 39-59, DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.018, PMID 17015226.
Isbrandt D, Hopwood JJ, von Figura K e Peters C, <361::AID-HUMU12>3.0.CO;2-0 Two novel frameshift mutations causing premature stop codons in a patient with the severe form of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, in Hum. Mutat., vol. 7, n. 4, 1996, pp. 361-3, DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1996)7:4<361::AID-HUMU12>3.0.CO;2-0, PMID 8723688.
Crow JF, How much do we know about spontaneous human mutation rates?, in Environ. Mol. Mutagen., vol. 21, n. 2, 1993, pp. 122-9, DOI:10.1002/em.2850210205, PMID 8444142.
Sawyer SA, Parsch J, Zhang Z e Hartl DL, Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 104, n. 16, 2007, pp. 6504-10, Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6504S, DOI:10.1073/pnas.0701572104, PMC 1871816, PMID 17409186.
Drake JW e Holland JJ, Mutation rates among RNA viruses, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 96, n. 24, 1999, pp. 13910-3, Bibcode:1999PNAS...9613910D, DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13910, PMC 24164, PMID 10570172.
Holland J, Spindler K, Horodyski F, Grabau E, Nichol S e VandePol S, Rapid evolution of RNA genomes, in Science, vol. 215, n. 4540, 1982, pp. 1577-85, Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1577H, DOI:10.1126/science.7041255, PMID 7041255.
de Visser JA e Rozen DE, Clonal Interference and the Periodic Selection of New Beneficial Mutations in Escherichia coli, in Genetics, the Genetics Society of America, vol. 172, n. 4, 2006, pp. 2093-2100, DOI:10.1534/genetics.105.052373, PMC 1456385, PMID 16489229.
Crick FHC e Orgel LE, Directed panspermia, in Icarus, vol. 19, n. 3, 1973, pp. 341–6, 344, Bibcode:1973Icar...19..341C, DOI:10.1016/0019-1035(73)90110-3.
«It is a little surprising that organisms with somewhat different codes do not coexist.»
(Further discussion)
Jukes TH e Osawa S, The genetic code in mitochondria and chloroplasts, in Experientia, vol. 46, 11–12, dicembre 1990, pp. 1117-26, DOI:10.1007/BF01936921, PMID 2253709.
Fitzpatrick DA, Logue ME, Stajich JE e Butler G, A fungal phylogeny based on 42 complete genomes derived from supertree and combined gene analysis, in BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 6, 1º gennaio 2006, p. 99, DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-6-99, PMC 1679813, PMID 17121679.
Santos MA e M.F. Tuite, The CUG codon is decoded in vivo as serine and not leucine in Candida albicans, in Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 23, n. 9, 1995, pp. 1481-6, DOI:10.1093/nar/23.9.1481, PMC 306886, PMID 7784200.
Butler G, Rasmussen MD, Lin MF, Santos MA, Sakthikumar S, Munro CA, Rheinbay E, Grabherr M, Forche A, Reedy JL, Agrafioti I, Arnaud MB, Bates S, Brown AJ, Brunke S, Costanzo MC, Fitzpatrick DA, de Groot PW, Harris D, Hoyer LL, Hube B, Klis FM, Kodira C, Lennard N, Logue ME, Martin R, Neiman AM, Nikolaou E, Quail MA, Quinn J, Santos MC, Schmitzberger FF, Sherlock G, Shah P, Silverstein KA, Skrzypek MS, Soll D, Staggs R, Stansfield I, Stumpf MP, Sudbery PE, Srikantha T, Zeng Q, Berman J, Berriman M, Heitman J, Gow NA, Lorenz MC, Birren BW, Kellis M, Cuomo CA, Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida genomes, in Nature, vol. 459, n. 7247, 2009, pp. 657-62, DOI:10.1038/nature08064, PMC 2834264, PMID 19465905.
Taylor DJ, Ballinger MJ, Bowman SM e Bruenn JA, Virus-host co-evolution under a modified nuclear genetic code, in PeerJ, vol. 1, 2013, pp. e50, DOI:10.7717/peerj.50, PMC 3628385, PMID 23638388.
Krzycki JA, The direct genetic encoding of pyrrolysine, in Current Opinion in Microbiology, vol. 8, n. 6, 2005, pp. 706-712, DOI:10.1016/j.mib.2005.10.009, PMID 16256420.
Zhang Y, Baranov PV, Atkins JF e Gladyshev VN, Pyrrolysine and Selenocysteine Use Dissimilar Decoding Strategies, in Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 280, n. 21, 2005, pp. 20740-20751, DOI:10.1074/jbc.M501458200, PMID 15788401.
Prat L, Heinemann IU, Aerni HR, Rinehart J, O'Donoghue P e Söll D, Carbon source-dependent expansion of the genetic code in bacteria, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 109, n. 51, 2012, pp. 21070-21075, DOI:10.1073/pnas.1218613110, PMC 3529041, PMID 23185002.
Xie J e Schultz PG, Adding amino acids to the genetic repertoire, in Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, vol. 9, n. 6, dicembre 2005, pp. 548-54, DOI:10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.10.011, PMID 16260173.
Wang Q, Parrish AR e Wang L, Expanding the genetic code for biological studies, in Chem. Biol., vol. 16, n. 3, marzo 2009, pp. 323-36, DOI:10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.03.001, PMC 2696486, PMID 19318213.
Knight RD, Freeland SJ e Landweber LF, Selection, history and chemistry: the three faces of the genetic code, in Trends Biochem. Sci., vol. 24, n. 6, giugno 1999, pp. 241-7, DOI:10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01392-4, PMID 10366854.
Knight RD e Landweber LF, Rhyme or reason: RNA-arginine interactions and the genetic code, in Chem. Biol., vol. 5, n. 9, settembre 1998, pp. R215–20, DOI:10.1016/S1074-5521(98)90001-1, PMID 9751648.
Yarus M, Widmann JJ e Knight R, RNA-amino acid binding: a stereochemical era for the genetic code, in J. Mol. Evol., vol. 69, n. 5, novembre 2009, pp. 406-29, DOI:10.1007/s00239-009-9270-1, PMID 19795157.
Brooks DJ, Fresco JR, Lesk AM e Singh M, Evolution of amino acid frequencies in proteins over deep time: inferred order of introduction of amino acids into the genetic code, in Mol. Biol. Evol., vol. 19, n. 10, ottobre 2002, pp. 1645-55, DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003988, PMID 12270892.
Amirnovin R, An analysis of the metabolic theory of the origin of the genetic code, in J. Mol. Evol., vol. 44, n. 5, maggio 1997, pp. 473-6, DOI:10.1007/PL00006170, PMID 9115171.
Ronneberg TA, Landweber LF e Freeland SJ, Testing a biosynthetic theory of the genetic code: fact or artifact?, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 97, n. 25, dicembre 2000, pp. 13690-5, Bibcode:2000PNAS...9713690R, DOI:10.1073/pnas.250403097, PMC 17637, PMID 11087835.
Freeland SJ, Wu T e Keulmann N, The case for an error minimizing standard genetic code, in Orig Life Evol Biosph, vol. 33, 4–5, ottobre 2003, pp. 457-77, DOI:10.1023/A:1025771327614, PMID 14604186.
Baranov PV, Venin M e Provan G, Codon size reduction as the origin of the triplet genetic code, in Neil John (a cura di), PLoS ONE, vol. 4, n. 5, 2009, pp. e5708, Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5708B, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0005708, PMC 2682656, PMID 19479032.
Tlusty T, A model for the emergence of the genetic code as a transition in a noisy information channel, in J Theor Biol, vol. 249, n. 2, Nov 2007, pp. 331-42, DOI:10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.07.029, PMID 17826800.
Tlusty T, Rate-distortion scenario for the emergence and evolution of noisy molecular codes, in Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 100, n. 4, Feb 2008, p. 048101, Bibcode:2008PhRvL.100d8101T, DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.048101, PMID 18352335, arXiv:1007.4149.
Sella G e Ardell DH, The coevolution of genes and genetic codes: Crick's frozen accident revisited, in J. Mol. Evol., vol. 63, n. 3, Jul 2006, pp. 297-313, DOI:10.1007/s00239-004-0176-7, PMID 16838217.
Ribas de Pouplana L, Turner RJ, Steer BA e Schimmel P, Genetic code origins: tRNAs older than their synthetases?, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 95, n. 19, settembre 1998, pp. 11295-300, Bibcode:1998PNAS...9511295D, DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.19.11295, PMC 21636, PMID 9736730.
Jee J, Sundstrom A, Massey SE e Mishra B, What can information-asymmetric games tell us about the context of Crick's "Frozen Accident?", in J R Soc Interface, vol. 10, n. 88, 2013, p. 20130614, DOI:10.1098/rsif.2013.0614, PMC 3785830, PMID 23985735.
Freeland SJ e Hurst LD, The genetic code is one in a million, in J. Mol. Evol., vol. 47, n. 3, settembre 1998, pp. 238-48, DOI:10.1007/PL00006381, PMID 9732450.
Taylor FJ e Coates D, The code within the codons, in BioSystems, vol. 22, n. 3, 1989, pp. 177-87, DOI:10.1016/0303-2647(89)90059-2, PMID 2650752.
Di Giulio M, The extension reached by the minimization of the polarity distances during the evolution of the genetic code, in J. Mol. Evol., vol. 29, n. 4, ottobre 1989, pp. 288-93, DOI:10.1007/BF02103616, PMID 2514270.
Wong JT, Role of minimization of chemical distances between amino acids in the evolution of the genetic code, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 77, n. 2, febbraio 1980, pp. 1083-6, Bibcode:1980PNAS...77.1083W, DOI:10.1073/pnas.77.2.1083, PMC 348428, PMID 6928661.
Erives A, A Model of Proto-Anti-Codon RNA Enzymes Requiring L-Amino Acid Homochirality, in J Molecular Evolution, vol. 73, 1–2, 2011, pp. 10-22, DOI:10.1007/s00239-011-9453-4, PMC 3223571, PMID 21779963.

harvard.edu

adsabs.harvard.edu

Gardner RS, Wahba AJ, Basilio C, Miller RS, Lengyel P e Speyer JF, Synthetic polynucleotides and the amino acid code. VII, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 48, n. 12, dicembre 1962, pp. 2087-94, Bibcode:1962PNAS...48.2087G, DOI:10.1073/pnas.48.12.2087, PMC 221128, PMID 13946552.
Wahba AJ, Gardner RS, Basilio C, Miller RS, Speyer JF e Lengyel P, Synthetic polynucleotides and the amino acid code. VIII, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 49, n. 1, gennaio 1963, pp. 116-22, Bibcode:1963PNAS...49..116W, DOI:10.1073/pnas.49.1.116, PMC 300638, PMID 13998282.
Nirenberg M, Leder P, Bernfield M, Brimacombe R, Trupin J, Rottman F e O'Neal C, RNA codewords and protein synthesis, VII. On the general nature of the RNA code, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 53, n. 5, maggio 1965, pp. 1161-8, Bibcode:1965PNAS...53.1161N, DOI:10.1073/pnas.53.5.1161, PMC 301388, PMID 5330357.
Chang JC e Kan YW, beta 0 thalassemia, a nonsense mutation in man, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 76, n. 6, giugno 1979, pp. 2886-9, Bibcode:1979PNAS...76.2886C, DOI:10.1073/pnas.76.6.2886, PMC 383714, PMID 88735.
Sawyer SA, Parsch J, Zhang Z e Hartl DL, Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 104, n. 16, 2007, pp. 6504-10, Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6504S, DOI:10.1073/pnas.0701572104, PMC 1871816, PMID 17409186.
Drake JW e Holland JJ, Mutation rates among RNA viruses, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 96, n. 24, 1999, pp. 13910-3, Bibcode:1999PNAS...9613910D, DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13910, PMC 24164, PMID 10570172.
Holland J, Spindler K, Horodyski F, Grabau E, Nichol S e VandePol S, Rapid evolution of RNA genomes, in Science, vol. 215, n. 4540, 1982, pp. 1577-85, Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1577H, DOI:10.1126/science.7041255, PMID 7041255.
Crick FHC e Orgel LE, Directed panspermia, in Icarus, vol. 19, n. 3, 1973, pp. 341–6, 344, Bibcode:1973Icar...19..341C, DOI:10.1016/0019-1035(73)90110-3.
«It is a little surprising that organisms with somewhat different codes do not coexist.»
(Further discussion)
Ronneberg TA, Landweber LF e Freeland SJ, Testing a biosynthetic theory of the genetic code: fact or artifact?, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 97, n. 25, dicembre 2000, pp. 13690-5, Bibcode:2000PNAS...9713690R, DOI:10.1073/pnas.250403097, PMC 17637, PMID 11087835.
Baranov PV, Venin M e Provan G, Codon size reduction as the origin of the triplet genetic code, in Neil John (a cura di), PLoS ONE, vol. 4, n. 5, 2009, pp. e5708, Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5708B, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0005708, PMC 2682656, PMID 19479032.
Tlusty T, Rate-distortion scenario for the emergence and evolution of noisy molecular codes, in Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 100, n. 4, Feb 2008, p. 048101, Bibcode:2008PhRvL.100d8101T, DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.048101, PMID 18352335, arXiv:1007.4149.
Ribas de Pouplana L, Turner RJ, Steer BA e Schimmel P, Genetic code origins: tRNAs older than their synthetases?, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 95, n. 19, settembre 1998, pp. 11295-300, Bibcode:1998PNAS...9511295D, DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.19.11295, PMC 21636, PMID 9736730.
Wong JT, Role of minimization of chemical distances between amino acids in the evolution of the genetic code, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 77, n. 2, febbraio 1980, pp. 1083-6, Bibcode:1980PNAS...77.1083W, DOI:10.1073/pnas.77.2.1083, PMC 348428, PMID 6928661.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jukes TH, Osawa S, The genetic code in mitochondria and chloroplasts, in Experientia, vol. 46, n. 11-12, 1990, pp. 1117-26, PMID 2253709.
(EN) NCBI, Genetic Code page in the NCBI Taxonomy section, su ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. URL consultato il 2 settembre 2015.
Turanov AA, Lobanov AV, Fomenko DE, Morrison HG, Sogin ML, Klobutcher LA, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN, Genetic code supports targeted insertion of two amino acids by one codon, in Science, vol. 323, n. 5911, 2009, pp. 259-61, DOI:10.1126/science.1164748, PMC 3088105, PMID 19131629.
Nirenberg MW e Matthaei JH, The dependence of cell-free protein synthesis in E. coli upon naturally occurring or synthetic polyribonucleotides, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 47, n. 10, ottobre 1961, pp. 1588-1602, DOI:10.1073/pnas.47.10.1588, PMC 223178, PMID 14479932.
Gardner RS, Wahba AJ, Basilio C, Miller RS, Lengyel P e Speyer JF, Synthetic polynucleotides and the amino acid code. VII, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 48, n. 12, dicembre 1962, pp. 2087-94, Bibcode:1962PNAS...48.2087G, DOI:10.1073/pnas.48.12.2087, PMC 221128, PMID 13946552.
Wahba AJ, Gardner RS, Basilio C, Miller RS, Speyer JF e Lengyel P, Synthetic polynucleotides and the amino acid code. VIII, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 49, n. 1, gennaio 1963, pp. 116-22, Bibcode:1963PNAS...49..116W, DOI:10.1073/pnas.49.1.116, PMC 300638, PMID 13998282.
Nirenberg M, Leder P, Bernfield M, Brimacombe R, Trupin J, Rottman F e O'Neal C, RNA codewords and protein synthesis, VII. On the general nature of the RNA code, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 53, n. 5, maggio 1965, pp. 1161-8, Bibcode:1965PNAS...53.1161N, DOI:10.1073/pnas.53.5.1161, PMC 301388, PMID 5330357.
Touriol C, Bornes S, Bonnal S, Audigier S, Prats H, Prats AC e Vagner S, Generation of protein isoform diversity by alternative initiation of translation at non-AUG codons, in Biol. Cell, vol. 95, 3–4, 2003, pp. 169-78, DOI:10.1016/S0248-4900(03)00033-9, PMID 12867081.
(EN) Wei J, Zhang Y, Ivanov IP, Sachs MS, The stringency of start codon selection in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, in J. Biol. Chem., vol. 288, n. 13, 2013, pp. 9549-62, DOI:10.1074/jbc.M112.447177, PMC 3611022, PMID 23396971. URL consultato il 21 ottobre 2022 (archiviato dall'url originale il 2 settembre 2015).
Edgar B, The genome of bacteriophage T4: an archeological dig, in Genetics, vol. 168, n. 2, 2004, pp. 575-82, PMC 1448817, PMID 15514035.
Anthony J. F. Griffiths, Jeffrey H. Miller, David T. Suzuki, Richard C. Lewontin e Gelbart (a cura di), Spontaneous mutations, in An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 7th, New York, W. H. Freeman, 2000, ISBN 0-7167-3520-2.
Freisinger E, Grollman AP, Miller H e Kisker C, Lesion (in)tolerance reveals insights into DNA replication fidelity, in The EMBO Journal, vol. 23, n. 7, 2004, pp. 1494-505, DOI:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600158, PMC 391067, PMID 15057282.
Chang JC e Kan YW, beta 0 thalassemia, a nonsense mutation in man, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 76, n. 6, giugno 1979, pp. 2886-9, Bibcode:1979PNAS...76.2886C, DOI:10.1073/pnas.76.6.2886, PMC 383714, PMID 88735.
Boillée S, Vande Velde C e Cleveland DW, ALS: a disease of motor neurons and their nonneuronal neighbors, in Neuron, vol. 52, n. 1, ottobre 2006, pp. 39-59, DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.018, PMID 17015226.
Isbrandt D, Hopwood JJ, von Figura K e Peters C, <361::AID-HUMU12>3.0.CO;2-0 Two novel frameshift mutations causing premature stop codons in a patient with the severe form of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, in Hum. Mutat., vol. 7, n. 4, 1996, pp. 361-3, DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1996)7:4<361::AID-HUMU12>3.0.CO;2-0, PMID 8723688.
Crow JF, How much do we know about spontaneous human mutation rates?, in Environ. Mol. Mutagen., vol. 21, n. 2, 1993, pp. 122-9, DOI:10.1002/em.2850210205, PMID 8444142.
Sawyer SA, Parsch J, Zhang Z e Hartl DL, Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 104, n. 16, 2007, pp. 6504-10, Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6504S, DOI:10.1073/pnas.0701572104, PMC 1871816, PMID 17409186.
Drake JW e Holland JJ, Mutation rates among RNA viruses, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 96, n. 24, 1999, pp. 13910-3, Bibcode:1999PNAS...9613910D, DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13910, PMC 24164, PMID 10570172.
Holland J, Spindler K, Horodyski F, Grabau E, Nichol S e VandePol S, Rapid evolution of RNA genomes, in Science, vol. 215, n. 4540, 1982, pp. 1577-85, Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1577H, DOI:10.1126/science.7041255, PMID 7041255.
de Visser JA e Rozen DE, Clonal Interference and the Periodic Selection of New Beneficial Mutations in Escherichia coli, in Genetics, the Genetics Society of America, vol. 172, n. 4, 2006, pp. 2093-2100, DOI:10.1534/genetics.105.052373, PMC 1456385, PMID 16489229.
Elzanowski A e Ostell J, The Genetic Codes, su ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 7 aprile 2008. URL consultato il 10 marzo 2010.
Jukes TH e Osawa S, The genetic code in mitochondria and chloroplasts, in Experientia, vol. 46, 11–12, dicembre 1990, pp. 1117-26, DOI:10.1007/BF01936921, PMID 2253709.
Fitzpatrick DA, Logue ME, Stajich JE e Butler G, A fungal phylogeny based on 42 complete genomes derived from supertree and combined gene analysis, in BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 6, 1º gennaio 2006, p. 99, DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-6-99, PMC 1679813, PMID 17121679.
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oxfordjournals.org

mbe.oxfordjournals.org

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sciencemag.org

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sci.sdsu.edu

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«It is a little surprising that organisms with somewhat different codes do not coexist.»
(Further discussion)

web.archive.org

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