Controcultura degli anni 1960 (Italian Wikipedia)

(EN) Terry H. Anderson, The Movement and the Sixties, Oxford University Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-19-510457-8.
(EN)
«Culture is the "social heritage" of society. It includes the complex set of learned and shared beliefs, customs, skills, habits, traditions, and knowledge common to the members of society. Within a culture, there may be subcultures made up of specific groups that are somewhat separate from the rest of society because of distinct traits, beliefs, or interests.»

(IT)
«Cultura è il "patrimonio sociale" della società. Esso comprende il complesso insieme di convinzioni apprese e condivise, costumi, capacità, abitudini, tradizioni e conoscenze comuni dei membri della società. All'interno della cultura possono esserci delle subcolture create da specifici gruppi che sono in qualche modo separati dal resto della società a motivo di tratti distinti, convinzioni o interessi.»

((EN) Current Perspectives on Social Problems, terza, Belmont, California, Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1973, p. 2, ISBN 0-534-00289-7.)
Todd Gitlin, The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage, New York, 1993, p. 286.
Carl Liungman, Dictionary of Symbols, Santa Barbara, CA, ABC-CLIO, 1991, p. 253, ISBN 0-87436-610-0.
Alec Gallup e Frank Newport, The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 2005, Rowman & Littlefield, agosto 2006, pp. 315–318, ISBN 978-0-7425-5258-6.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Kathryn Westcott, World's best-known protest symbol turns 50, su bbc.co.uk, BBC, 20 marzo 2008. URL consultato il 10 giugno 2014.
Why I'm back to ban the bomb, in BBC News, 11 aprile 2004.
1960: Thousands protest against H-bomb, in BBC News, 18 aprile 1960.

books.google.com

Frank Kidner, Maria Bucur, Ralph Mathisen, Sally McKee e Theodore Weeks, Making Europe: People, Politics, and Culture, Volume II: Since 1550, Cengage Learning, 27 dicembre 2007, pp. 831–, ISBN 0-618-00481-5.
Professor Joan Shelley Rubin e Professor Scott E. Casper, The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Cultural and Intellectual History, Oxford University Press, 14 marzo 2013, pp. 264–, ISBN 978-0-19-976435-8.
Roger Kimball, The Long March: How the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s Changed America, Encounter Books, 10 ottobre 2013, pp. 82–, ISBN 978-1-59403-393-3.
Edward Macan, Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture, Oxford University Press, 11 novembre 1996, pp. 127–, ISBN 978-0-19-988009-6.
Patricia Anne Cunningham e Susan Voso Lab, Dress and Popular Culture, Popular Press, 1991, pp. 31–, ISBN 978-0-87972-507-5.
Lee Tusman, Really Free Culture, PediaPress, pp. 159–.
Joseph H. Berke, Counter culture, Owen, 1969.
Bennett D. Hill, John Buckler, Clare Haru Crowston, Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks e Joe Perry, History of Western Society Since 1300 for Advanced Placement, Bedford/St. Martin's, 13 ottobre 2010, pp. 963–, ISBN 978-0-312-64058-3.
R. A. Lawson, Jim Crow's Counterculture: The Blues and Black Southerners, 1890-1945, Louisiana State University Press, 2010, pp. 197–, ISBN 978-0-8071-3810-6.
Herbert Marcuse, The New Left and the 1960s: Collected Papers of Herbert Marcuse, Routledge, 14 ottobre 2004, pp. 19–, ISBN 978-1-134-77459-3.
Dimitri Almeida, The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus, Taylor & Francis, 27 aprile 2012, pp. 53–, ISBN 978-1-136-34039-0.
Tom Buchanan, Europe's Troubled Peace: 1945 to the Present, John Wiley & Sons, 30 gennaio 2012, pp. 102–, ISBN 978-0-470-65578-8.
John Campbell McMillian e Paul Buhle, The new left revisited, Temple University Press, 2003, pp. 112–, ISBN 978-1-56639-976-0. URL consultato il 28 dicembre 2011.
Walker, J. Samuel (2004). Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective (Berkeley: University of California Press), pp. 10–11.
Stephen Mills and Roger Williams (1986). Public Acceptance of New Technologies Routledge, pp. 375–376.

boomerslife.org

Baby Boom population - U.S. Census Bureau - USA and by state, su boomerslife.org. URL consultato il 9 giugno 2009.

cliffsnotes.com

(EN) The Counterculture of the 1960s, su cliffsnotes.com. URL consultato il 13 giugno 2017.

dailymail.co.uk

One of America's first 'hippies' dies at 94 after founding famous Vermont retreat, su dailymail.com, Daily Mail (UK), 29 aprile 2014. URL consultato il 1º maggio 2014.

diggers.org

Overview: who were (are) the Diggers?, in The Digger Archives. URL consultato il 17 giugno 2007.

eleuthera.it

Scheda libro "Cultura e controcultura", su eleuthera.it. URL consultato il 3 gennaio 2023.

enlucha.info

eljorobado.enlucha.info

"Los anarco-individualistas, G.I.A. ... Una escisión de la FAI producida en el IX Congreso (Carrara, 1965) se pr odujo cuando un sector de anarquistas de tendencia humanista rechazan la interpretación que ellos juzgan disciplinaria del pacto asociativo" clásico, y crean los GIA (Gruppi di Iniziativa Anarchica). Esta pequeña federación de grupos, hoy nutrida sobre todo de veteranos anarco-individualistas de orientación pacifista, naturista, etcétera defiende la autonomía personal y rechaza a rajatabla toda forma de intervención en los procesos del sistema, como sería por ejemplo el sindicalismo. Su portavoz es L'Internazionale con sede en Ancona. La escisión de los GIA prefiguraba, en sentido contrario, el gran debate que pronto había de comenzar en el seno del movimiento"El movimiento libertario en Italia" by Bicicleta. REVISTA DE COMUNICACIONES LIBERTARIAS Year 1 No. 1 novembre 1977 Archiviato il 12 ottobre 2013 in Internet Archive.

express.co.uk

Simon Edge, Jack Nicholson the original Hollywood bad boy, su express.co.uk, Northern & Shell, 23 ottobre 2013. URL consultato il 1º maggio 2014.

fcc.gov

transition.fcc.gov

The Quality that Made Radio Popular, su transition.fcc.gov, US FCC. URL consultato il 18 aprile 2014.
«It was not until the 1960s...that the quality advantage of FM combined with stereo was enjoyed by most Americans»

findarticles.com

David Holloway, Yippies, in St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture, 2002.

fsm-a.org

Free Speech Movement Archives Home Page - events from 1964 and beyond, su fsm-a.org, FSM-A. URL consultato il 9 giugno 2009.

gallup.com

Questions and Answers About Americans' Religion, su gallup.com. URL consultato il 31 agosto 2013.
Decades of Drug Use: Data From the '60s and '70s, su gallup.com. URL consultato il 31 agosto 2013.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

1969: Height of the Hippies - ABC News, su abcnews.go.com. URL consultato l'11 ottobre 2013.

harvard.edu

hcl.harvard.edu

"The Left Bank Revisited: Marker, Resnais, Varda", Harvard Film Archive, [1] Archiviato il 7 settembre 2015 in Internet Archive., accesso 16 agosto 2008.

history.com

(EN)
«Explore the existence of the generation gap that took place in the 1960s through this Ask Steve video. Steve Gillon explains there was even a larger gap between the Baby Boomers themselves than the Baby Boomers and the Greatest Generation. The massive Baby Boomers Generation was born between 1946 and 1964, consisting of nearly 78 million people. The Baby Boomers were coming of age in the 1960s, and held different cultural values than the Greatest Generation. The Greatest Generation lived in a time of self-denial, while the Baby Boomers were always seeking immediate gratification. However, the Baby Boomers were more divided amongst themselves. Not all of them were considered hippies and protesters. In fact, people under the age of 28 supported the Vietnam War in greater numbers than their parents. These divisions continue to play out today.»

(IT)
«Esplora l'esistenza del divario generazionale che ebbe luogo negli anni '60 attraverso questo video Ask Steve. Steve Gillon spiega che vi era anche un grande divario che ebbe luogo tra i "figli del boom" stessi e i "figli del boom" e la generazione più anziana. La massiccia generazione dei "figli del boom" sorse tra il 1946 e il 1964, consistendo in quasi 78 milioni di persone. I "figli del boom" giunsero all'età negli anni 1960 e avevano valori culturali differenti da quelli della generazione più anziana. Quest'ultima viveva in un tempo di auto-negazione, mentre i "figli del boom" erano sempre in cerca di una gratificazione immediata. Comunque i "figli del boom" erano più divisi fra loro. Non tutti loro erano considerati "hippy" o contestatori. In effetti, gente sotto i 28 anni sopportarono la Guerra del Vietnam in numero maggiore dei loro genitori. Queste divisioni continuano a giocare il loro ruolo oggi.»

( Ask Steve: Generation Gap (Video), su history.com, History Channel/A&E.)

iisg.nl

London Federation of Anarchists involvement in Carrara conference, 1968 International Institute of Social History, Accesso 19 gennaio 2010

imdb.com

(EN) 60488, su IMDb, IMDb.com.

inclusivedemocracy.org

The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy. Inclusivedemocracy.org. Accesso 28 dicembre 2011.

jahsonic.com

Porno Chic (Jahsonic.com)

jstor.org

Robert Benford. The Anti-nuclear Movement (book review) American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 89, No. 6, (May 1984), pp. 1456–1458.
James J. MacKenzie. Review of The Nuclear Power Controversy by Arthur W. Murphy The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 52, No. 4 (December 1977), pp. 467–468.

latimes.com

Woo, Elaine, Dagmar Wilson dies at 94; organizer of women's disarmament protesters, in Los Angeles Times, 30 gennaio 2011.

maggiesfarm.eu

The Lovin' Spoonful, su Maggie's farm. Sito italiano di Bob Dylan. URL consultato il 3 gennaio 2023.

monthlyreview.org

"Within the movements of the sixties there was much more receptivity to anarchism-in-fact than had existed in the movements of the thirties ... But the movements of the sixties were driven by concerns that were more compatible with an expressive style of politics, with hostility to authority in general and state power in particular ... By the late sixties, political protest was intertwined with cultural radicalism based on a critique of all authority and all hierarchies of power. Anarchism circulated within the movement along with other radical ideologies. The influence of anarchism was strongest among radical feminists, in the commune movement, and probably in the Weather Underground and elsewhere in the violent fringe of the anti-war movement." "Anarchism and the Anti-Globalization Movement" by Barbara Epstein

nothingness.org

library.nothingness.org

"Farrell provides a detailed history of the Catholic Workers and their founders Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin. He explains that their pacifism, anarchism, and commitment to the downtrodden were one of the important models and inspirations for the 60s. As Farrell puts it, 'Catholic Workers identified the issues of the sixties before the Sixties began, and they offered models of protest long before the protest decade.'" "The Spirit of the Sixties: The Making of Postwar Radicalism" by James J. Farrell

npr.org

Bob Mondello, Remembering Hollywood's Hays Code, 40 Years On, su npr.org, 8 agosto 2008. URL consultato il 18 aprile 2014.
«... It took just two years...for Midnight Cowboy to be re-rated from X to R, without a single frame being altered. Community standards had changed — as they invariably do»

nytimes.com

Editors of the New York Times, In Praise of the Counterculture, su nytimes.com, The New York Times Company, 11 dicembre 1994. URL consultato il 1º maggio 2014.
Peter Steinfels, Paris, May 1968: The revolution that never was (Analysis), su nytimes.com, The New York Times Co., 11 maggio 2008. URL consultato il 1º luglio 2014.
«Regrettably or not, the fire of 1968 has died down. The memory has not.»
Sunday Dialogue: Nuclear Energy, Pro and Con, in New York Times, 25 febbraio 2012.
Hevesi, Dennis, Dagmar Wilson, Anti-Nuclear Leader, Dies at 94, in The New York Times, 23 gennaio 2011.
Ralph Blumenthal, Porno chic; 'Hard-core' grows fashionable-and very profitable, in The New York Times Magazine, 21 gennaio 1973. URL consultato il 20 gennaio 2016.

ondamusicale.it

Giusy Locatelli, Il fenomeno della controcultura, su ondamusicale.it, 14 giugno 2016. URL consultato il 3 gennaio 2023.

oregonstate.edu

people.oregonstate.edu

Patricia Muir, History of Pesticide Use, su oregonstate.edu, Oregon State College. URL consultato il 7 luglio 2014.
«Then, things began to temper the enthusiasm for pesticides. Notable among these was the publication of Rachel Carson's best selling book "Silent Spring," which was published in 1962. She (a scientist) issued grave warnings about pesticides, and predicted massive destruction of the planet's fragile ecosystems unless more was done to halt what she called the "rain of chemicals." In retrospect, this book really launched the environmental movement.»

pbs.org

A Social History of America's Most Popular Drugs, su pbs.org, PBS.org [Frontline]. URL consultato il 23 aprile 2014.
«from 1951 to 1956 stricter sentencing laws set mandatory minimum sentences for drug-related offenses. In the 1950s the beatniks appropriated the use of marijuana from the black hepsters and the drug moved into middle-class white America in the 1960s.»

people-press.org

Generations Divide Over Military Action in Iraq - Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, su people-press.org, 17 ottobre 2002. URL consultato il 9 giugno 2009.

rockbottom.it

You are what you eat - soundtrack, su Rock Bottom. URL consultato il 3 gennaio 2023.

rogerebert.com

Roger Ebert, The Devil In Miss Jones - Film Review, in RogerEbert.com, 13 giugno 1973. URL consultato il 7 febbraio 2015.
Roger Ebert, Alice in Wonderland:An X-Rated Musical Fantasy, su rogerebert.com, RogerEbert.com, 24 novembre 1976. URL consultato il 26 febbraio 2016.

saylor.org

Counterculture (PDF), su saylor.

stanford.edu

www-sul.stanford.edu

"From Satori to Silicon Valley" Archiviato l'8 giugno 2011 in Internet Archive. - Roszak, Stanford

theguardian.com

Barry Miles, Spirit of the underground: the 60s rebel, su theguardian.com, Guardian News and Media Limited, 30 gennaio 2011. URL consultato il 1º luglio 2014.

thenation.s3.amazonaws.com

Mervin B. Freedman e Harvey Powelson, Drugs on Campus: Turned On & Tuned Out (PDF), in The Nation, New York, Nation Co. LP, 31 gennaio 1966, pp. 125–127.
«Within the last five years the ingestion of various drugs has become widespread on the American campus.»

time.com

content.time.com

Richard Corliss, That Old Feeling: When Porno Was Chic, in Time, 29 marzo 2005. URL consultato il 27 gennaio 2016.

tonibentley.com

Toni Bentley, The Legend of Henry Paris (PDF), in ToniBentley.com, giugno 2014. URL consultato il 26 gennaio 2016. PDF

turner.com

i2.cdn.turner.com

Birth Rate Chart (GIF), in CNN, CNN, 11 agosto 2011.
«Annotated Chart of 20th Century US Birth Rates»

ushistory.org

Flower Power, su ushistory.org, ushistory.org/Independence Hall Association, 2014. URL consultato il 28 luglio 2014.
«Like the utopian societies of the 1840s, over 2000 rural communes formed during these turbulent times. Completely rejecting the capitalist system, many communes rotated duties, made their own laws, and elected their own leaders. Some were philosophically based, but others were influenced by new religions. Earth-centered religions, astrological beliefs, and Eastern faiths proliferated across American campuses. Some scholars labeled this trend as the Third Great Awakening.»

uta.edu

"During the 1960s, Marcuse achieved world renown as "the guru of the New Left," publishing many articles and giving lectures and advice to student radicals all over the world. He travelled widely and his work was often discussed in the mass media, becoming one of the few American intellectuals to gain such attention. Never surrendering his revolutionary vision and commitments, Marcuse continued to his death to defend the Marxian theory and libertarian socialism." Douglas Kellner "Marcuse, Herbert" Archiviato il 7 febbraio 2012 in Internet Archive.
Douglas Kellner Herbert Marcuse

web.archive.org

Linda Churney, Student Protest in the 1960s, in Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Curriculum Unit 79.02.03, 1979. URL consultato il 18 aprile 2014 (archiviato dall'url originale il 29 luglio 2016).
«This unit focuses on student protest in the 60s (it.:Questa unità si focalizza sulla protesta studentesca degli anni '60)»
Elizabeth Stephens, Free Speech Movement Chronology, su bancroft.berkeley.edu. URL consultato il 9 giugno 2009 (archiviato dall'url originale il 27 settembre 2011).
The Historical Development of Community Organizing, su trincoll.edu. URL consultato l'11 luglio 2009 (archiviato dall'url originale il 21 agosto 2009).
International Data Base World Population Growth Rates: 1950–2050, su census.gov, US Department of Commerce. URL consultato il 18 aprile 2014 (archiviato dall'url originale il 20 febbraio 2014).
«The world population growth rate rose from about 1.5 percent per year from 1950 to 1951, to a peak of over 2 percent in the early 1960s due to reductions in mortality. Growth rates thereafter started to decline due to rising age at marriage as well as increasing availability and use of effective contraceptive methods. Note that changes in population growth have not always been steady. A dip in the growth rate from 1959 to 1960, for instance, was due to the Great Leap Forward in China. During that time, both natural disasters and decreased agricultural output in the wake of massive social reorganization caused China's death rate to rise sharply and its fertility rate to fall by almost half»
American Experience | The Pill, su pbs.org. URL consultato il 9 giugno 2009 (archiviato dall'url originale il 16 marzo 2017).
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"During the 1960s, Marcuse achieved world renown as "the guru of the New Left," publishing many articles and giving lectures and advice to student radicals all over the world. He travelled widely and his work was often discussed in the mass media, becoming one of the few American intellectuals to gain such attention. Never surrendering his revolutionary vision and commitments, Marcuse continued to his death to defend the Marxian theory and libertarian socialism." Douglas Kellner "Marcuse, Herbert" Archiviato il 7 febbraio 2012 in Internet Archive.
John Patten, "These groups had their roots in the anarchist resurgence of the nineteen sixties. Young militants finding their way to anarchism, often from the anti-bomb and anti-Vietnam war movements, linked up with an earlier generation of activists, largely outside the ossified structures of 'official' anarchism. Anarchist tactics embraced demonstrations, direct action such as industrial militancy and squatting, protest bombings like those of the First of May Group and Angry Brigade – and a spree of publishing activity.""Islands of Anarchy: Simian, Cienfuegos, Refract and their support network" by John Patten, su katesharpleylibrary.net, 28 ottobre 1968. URL consultato l'11 ottobre 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 4 giugno 2011).
"Los anarco-individualistas, G.I.A. ... Una escisión de la FAI producida en el IX Congreso (Carrara, 1965) se pr odujo cuando un sector de anarquistas de tendencia humanista rechazan la interpretación que ellos juzgan disciplinaria del pacto asociativo" clásico, y crean los GIA (Gruppi di Iniziativa Anarchica). Esta pequeña federación de grupos, hoy nutrida sobre todo de veteranos anarco-individualistas de orientación pacifista, naturista, etcétera defiende la autonomía personal y rechaza a rajatabla toda forma de intervención en los procesos del sistema, como sería por ejemplo el sindicalismo. Su portavoz es L'Internazionale con sede en Ancona. La escisión de los GIA prefiguraba, en sentido contrario, el gran debate que pronto había de comenzar en el seno del movimiento"El movimiento libertario en Italia" by Bicicleta. REVISTA DE COMUNICACIONES LIBERTARIAS Year 1 No. 1 novembre 1977 Archiviato il 12 ottobre 2013 in Internet Archive.
Short history of the IAF-IFA A-infos news project, Accesso 19 gennaio 2010
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Paula Garb, Review of Critical Masses, in Journal of Political Ecology, vol. 6, 1999. URL consultato il 10 settembre 2018 (archiviato dall'url originale il 1º giugno 2018).
Drugs: The Dangers of LSD, TIME, 22 aprile 1966. URL consultato il 20 aprile 2010 (archiviato dall'url originale il 23 luglio 2010).
Abc-Clio, su greenwood.com. URL consultato il 5 novembre 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 9 luglio 2011).
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Toni Bentley, The Legend of Henry Paris, in Playboy, giugno 2014. URL consultato il 26 gennaio 2016 (archiviato dall'url originale il 4 febbraio 2016).
"The Left Bank Revisited: Marker, Resnais, Varda", Harvard Film Archive, [1] Archiviato il 7 settembre 2015 in Internet Archive., accesso 16 agosto 2008.
"From Satori to Silicon Valley" Archiviato l'8 giugno 2011 in Internet Archive. - Roszak, Stanford
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williamapercy.com

"While not always formally recognized, much of the protest of the sixties was anarchist. Within the nascent women's movement, anarchist principles became so widespread that a political science professor denounced what she saw as 'The Tyranny of Structurelessness.' Several groups have called themselves 'Amazon Anarchists.' After the Stonewall Rebellion, the New York Gay Liberation Front based their organization in part on a reading of Murray Bookchin's anarchist writings." "Anarchism" by Charley Shively in Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. pg. 52

wisc.edu

ssc.wisc.edu

Kelly Musick, Determinants of Planned and Unplanned Childbearing among Unmarried Women in the United States (PDF), su wisconsin.edu, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, aprile 1999. URL consultato il 13 gennaio 2015.

worldcat.org

Gerald Gardner, Witchcraft Today, Lake Toxaway, NC, Mercury Publishing, 1999 [1954], ISBN 0-8065-2593-2, OCLC 44936549.