Creatina (Italian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Creatina" in Italian language version.

Last modified: 10:01:05, 3 August 2025 (UTC)

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Jenkins et al. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. 1981, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 34, 362-366
Brand-Miller et al. Rice: a high or low glycemic index food?. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Dec;56(6):1034-6.

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Greenwood et al. Differences in creatine retention among three nutritional formulations of oral creatine supplements. J Exerc Physiol Online 2003, 6:37-43.

books.google.it (Global: 173^rd place; Italian: 5^th place)

Williams MH, Kreider R, Branch JD. Creatine: The power supplement. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers; 1999:252.
Kreider RB. Creatine in Sports. In: Antonio et al. Essentials of Sport Nutrition & Supplements. Springer, 2009. ISBN 1597453021
Kreider RB, Leutholtz BC, Greenwood M. Creatine. In: Nutritional Ergogenic Aids Archiviato il 28 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. Exercise & Sport Nutrition, 2009. ISBN 0974296562

glycemicindex.com (Global: low place; Italian: low place)

Sugar (Sucrose), 50 g portion Archiviato il 28 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. www.glycemicindex.com
Sugar (Sucrose), 50 g portion Archiviato il 28 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. www.glycemicindex.com
Grapefruit juice, unsweetened (Sunpac, Toronto, Canada) Archiviato il 28 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. www.glycemicindex.com
Grapefruit, raw Archiviato il 28 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. www.glycemicindex.com
Isomaltulose, Palatinose (Sudzucker AG, Mannheim, Germany) Archiviato il 28 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. www.glycemicindex.com

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Buford et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007 Aug 30;4:6.
Antonio J, Ciccone V. The effects of pre versus post workout supplementation of creatine monohydrate on body composition and strength. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013 Aug 6;10(1):36.
Lugaresi et al. Does long-term creatine supplementation impair kidney function in resistance-trained individuals consuming a high-protein diet?. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2013, 10:26

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Taylor et al. Effects of combined creatine plus fenugreek extract vs. creatine plus carbohydrate supplementation on resistance training adaptations Archiviato il 27 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. JSSM (2011) 10, 254-260.

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Brenner et al. The Effect of Creatine Supplementation During Resistance Training in Women. J Strength Cond Res 14: 207–213, 2000
Vogel et al. Creatine Supplementation: Effect on Supramaximal Exercise Performance at Two Levels of Acute Hypohydration. J.Strength & Cond. Res. 14(2) 214-219, 2000.

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Paddon-Jones et al. Potential ergogenic effects of arginine and creatine supplementation. J Nutr. 2004 Oct;134(10 Suppl):2888S-2894S;
Balsom et al. Creatine in humans with special reference to creatine supplementation. Sports Med. 1994 Oct;18(4):268-80.
Hultman et al. Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol. 1996 Jul;81(1):232-7.
Burke et al. The effect of 7 days of creatine supplementation on 24-hour urinary creatine excretion. J Strength Cond Res. 2001 Feb;15(1):59-62.
Persky et al. Pharmacokinetics of the dietary supplement creatine. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003;42:557–574.
Snow RJ, Murphy RM. Creatine and the creatine transporter: A review. Mol Cell Biochem. 2001;224:169–181.
Williams MH, Branch JD. Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: an update. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Jun;17(3):216-34.
Harris et al. Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation. Clin Sci (Lond). 1992 Sep;83(3):367-74.
Gualano et al. In sickness and in health: the widespread application of creatine supplementation. Amino Acids. 2012 Aug;43(2):519-29.
Kreider RB. Effects of creatine supplementation on performance and training adaptations. Mol Cell Biochem 2003, 244:89-94
Volek et al. Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Aug;31(8):1147-56.
Mero et al. Combined creatine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation enhances interval swimming. J Strength Cond Res 2004, 18:306-310.
Volek et al. Creatine supplementation enhances muscular performance during high-intensity resistance exercise. J Am Diet Assoc 1997, 97:765-70.
Preen et al. Effect of creatine loading on long-term sprint exercise performance and metabolism. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001, 33:814-21.
Jowko et al. Creatine and B-hydroxy-B-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program. Nutrition 2001, 17:558-566.
Mujika et al. Creatine supplementation and sprint performance in soccer players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000, 32:518-25.
Stone et al. Effects of in-season (5 weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on anaerobic performance and body composition in American football players. Int J Sport Nutr 1999, 9:146-65.
Jones et al. Oral creatine supplementation improves multiple sprint performance in elite ice-hockey players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1999, 39:189-96.
Willoughby DS, Rosene J. Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myosin heavy chain expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001, 33:1674-81.
Willoughby DS, Rosene JM. Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myogenic regulatory factor expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003, 35:923-929.
Kreider et al. ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research and recommendations. Sport Nutr Rev J 2004, 1:1-44.
Greenhaff et al. Effect of oral creatine supplementation on skeletal muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis. Am J Physiol 1994, 266:E725-30.
Greenhaff et al. Influence of oral creatine supplementation of muscle torque during repeated bouts of maximal voluntary exercise in man. Clin Sci (Lond). 1993 May;84(5):565-71.
Schoch et al. The Regulation and Expression of the Creatine Transporter: A Brief Review of Creatine Supplementation in Humans and Animals. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2006; 3(1): 60–66.
Syrotuik DG, Bell GJ. Acute creatine monohydrate supplementation: A descriptive physiological profile of responders vs. nonresponders. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18:610–617.
Ferguson TB, Syrotuik DG. Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on body composition and strength indices in experienced resistance trained women. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Nov;20(4):939-46.
Dempsey et al. Does oral creatine supplementation improve strength? A meta-analysis. J Fam Pract. 2002 Nov;51(11):945-51.
Kambis KW, Pizzedaz SK. Short-term creatine supplementation improves maximum quadriceps contraction in women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Mar;13(1):87-96.
Eckerson et al. Effect of two and five days of creatine loading on anaerobic working capacity in women. J Strength Cond Res. 2004 Feb;18(1):168-73.
Gotshalk et al. Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance in older women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Jan;102(2):223-31.
Fukuda et al. The effects of creatine loading and gender on anaerobic running capacity. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Jul;24(7):1826-33.
Steenge et al. Protein- and carbohydrate-induced augmentation of whole body creatine retention in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2000 Sep;89(3):1165-71.
Green et al. Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. Am J Physiol 1996, 271:E821-6.
Burke et al. Effect of creatine and weight training on muscle creatine and performance in vegetarians. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003, 35:1946-55.
Vandenberghe et al. Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training. J Appl Physiol, 1997 83: 2055-2063
Candow et al. Effect of ceasing creatine supplementation while maintaining resistance training in older men. J Aging Phys Act 2004, 12:219-31.
Tarnopolsky et al. Acute and moderate-term creatine monohydrate supplementation does not affect creatine transporter mRNA or protein content in either young or elderly humans. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Feb;244(1-2):159-66.
Candow DG, Chilibeck PD. Timing of creatine or protein supplementation and resistance training in the elderly. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008 Feb;33(1):184-90.
Preen et al. Pre-exercise oral creatine ingestion does not improve prolonged intermittent sprint exercise in humans. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2002 Sep;42(3):320-9.
Eijnde BO, Hespel P. Short-term creatine supplementation does not alter the hormonal response to resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Mar;33(3):449-53.
Schedel et al. Acute creatine loading enhances human growth hormone secretion. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2000 Dec;40(4):336-42.
Cribb et al. A creatine-protein-carbohydrate supplement enhances responses to resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Nov;39(11):1960-8.
Cribb PJ, Hayes A. Effects of supplement timing and resistance exercise on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Nov;38(11):1918-25.
Green et al. Carbohydrate ingestion augments creatine retention during creatine feeding in humans. Acta Physiol Scand. 1996 Oct;158(2):195-202.
Steenge et al. Stimulatory effect of insulin on creatine accumulation in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol. 1998 Dec;275(6 Pt 1):E974-9.
Burke et al. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid combined with creatine monohydrate on human skeletal muscle creatine and phosphagen concentration. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Sep;13(3):294-302.
Jäger et al. The effect of Russian Tarragon (artemisia dracunculus L.) on the plasma creatine concentration with creatine monohydrate administration. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008; 5(Suppl 1): P4.
Odoom et al. The regulation of total creatine content in a myoblast cell line. Mol Cell Biochem. 1996;158:179–188.
Haugland RB, Chang DT. Insulin effect on creatine transport in skelatal muscle. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1975 Jan;148(1):1-4.
Salmerón et al. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA. 1997 Feb 12;277(6):472-7.
Leeman et al. Glycaemic and satiating properties of potato products. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan;62(1):87-95.
Anderson et al. Relation between estimates of cornstarch digestibility by the Englyst in vitro method and glycemic response, subjective appetite, and short-term food intake in young men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Apr;91(4):932-9.
Leiper et al. Improved gastric emptying rate in humans of a unique glucose polymer with gel-forming properties. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000 Nov;35(11):1143-9.
Kalman et al. A double blind clinical trial evaluating the relative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral creatine monohydrate when combined with either isomaltulose or dextrose in healthy adult males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012; 9(Suppl 1): P14.
Rabinowitz et al. Patterns of hormonal release after glucose, protein, and glucose plus protein. Lancet. 1966 Aug 27;2(7461):454-6.
Gattás et al. Glycemic and insulin indices of tube feeding formulas in healthy adults. Rev Med Chil. 2007 Jul;135(7):879-84. Epub 2007 Sep 6.
Calbet & MacLean. Plasma glucagon and insulin responses depend on the rate of appearance of amino acids after ingestion of different protein solutions in humans. J Nutr. 2002 Aug;132(8):2174-82.
Floyd et al. Stimulation of insulin secretion by amino acids. J Clin Invest. 1966 September; 45(9): 1487–1502.
Van Loon et al. Plasma insulin responses after ingestion of different amino acid or protein mixtures with carbohydrate. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jul;72(1):96-105.
Cribb et al. Effects of whey isolate, creatine, and resistance training on muscle hypertrophy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Feb;39(2):298-307.
Claessens et al. Glucagon and insulin responses after ingestion of different amounts of intact and hydrolysed proteins. Br J Nutr. 2008 Jul;100(1):61-9.
Deglaire et al. Hydrolyzed dietary casein as compared with the intact protein reduces postprandial peripheral, but not whole-body, uptake of nitrogen in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Oct;90(4):1011-22
Nelson et al. Muscle glycogen supercompensation is enhanced by prior creatine supplementation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jul;33(7):1096-100.
van Loon et al. Creatine supplementation increases glycogen storage but not GLUT-4 expression in human skeletal muscle. Clin Sci (Lond). 2004 Jan;106(1):99-106.
Derave et al. Combined creatine and protein supplementation in conjunction with resistance training promotes muscle GLUT-4 content and glucose tolerance in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2003 May;94(5):1910-6.
Gualano et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in sedentary healthy males undergoing aerobic training. Amino Acids. 2008 Feb;34(2):245-50.
Gualano et al. Creatine in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 May;43(5):770-8.
Kutz MR, Gunter MJ. Creatine monohydrate supplementation on body weight and percent body fat. J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Nov;17(4):817-21.
Goforth et al. Persistence of supercompensated muscle glycogen in trained subjects after carbohydrate loading. J Appl Physiol. 1997 Jan;82(1):342-7.
Rockwell et al. Creatine supplementation affects muscle creatine during energy restriction. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jan;33(1):61-8.
Arciero et al. Comparison of creatine ingestion and resistance training on energy expenditure and limb blood flow. Metabolism. 2001 Dec;50(12):1429-34.
Hoffman et al. Effect of creatine and beta-alanine supplementation on performance and endocrine responses in strength/power athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006 Aug;16(4):430-46.
Guerrero-Ontiveros ML, Wallimann T. Creatine supplementation in health and disease. Effects of chronic creatine ingestion in vivo: down-regulation of the expression of creatine transporter isoforms in skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998 Jul;184(1-2):427-37.
Brault et al. Muscle creatine uptake and creatine transporter expression in response to creatine supplementation and depletion. J Appl Physiol. 2003 Feb 28.
Brault JJ, Terjung RL. Creatine uptake and creatine transporter expression among rat skeletal muscle fiber types. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2003 Feb 5.
Murphy et al. Creatine transporter protein content, localization, and gene expression in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001 Mar;280(3):C415-22.
Walzel et al. New creatine transporter assay and identification of distinct creatine transporter isoforms in muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Aug;283(2):E390-401.
Graef et al. The effects of four weeks of creatine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009; 6: 18.
van Loon et al. Effects of creatine loading and prolonged creatine supplementation on body composition, fuel selection, sprint and endurance performance in humans. Clin Sci (Lond). 2003 Feb;104(2):153-62.
Branch JD. Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: a meta-analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Jun;13(2):198-226.
Stout et al. Effect of creatine loading on neuromuscular fatigue threshold. J Appl Physiol. 2000;88(1):109–12.
Volek et al. Creatine Supplementation: Its effect on human muscular performance and body composition. J Strength Cond Res. 1996;10(200-210)
Zoeller et al. Effects of 28 days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on aerobic power, ventilatory and lactate thresholds, and time to exhaustion. Amino Acids. 2007 Sep;33(3):505-10.
Stout et al. Effects of twenty-eight days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on the physical working capacity at neuromuscular fatigue threshold. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Nov;20(4):928-31.
McNaughton et al. The effects of creatine supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance in elite performers. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1998 Aug;78(3):236-40.
Oliver et al. Oral creatine supplementation's decrease of blood lactate during exhaustive, incremental cycling. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2013 Jun;23(3):252-8.
Tang et al. Contribution of creatine to protein homeostasis in athletes after endurance and sprint running. Eur J Nutr. 2013 Feb 8.
Poortmans et al. Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on renal responses in men. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1997;76(6):566-7.
Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Long-term oral creatine supplementation does not impair renal function in healthy athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Aug;31(8):1108-10.
Terjung et al. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable. The physiological and health effects of oral creatine supplementation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Mar;32(3):706-17
Robinson et al. Dietary creatine supplementation does not affect some haematological indices, or indices of muscle damage and hepatic and renal function. Br J Sports Med. 2000 Aug;34(4):284-8.
Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Adverse effects of creatine supplementation: fact or fiction?. Sports Med. 2000 Sep;30(3):155-70.
Schilling et al. Creatine supplementation and health variables: a retrospective study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Feb;33(2):183-8.
Benzi G, Ceci A. Creatine as nutritional supplementation and medicinal product. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2001 Mar;41(1):1-10.
Mayhew et al. Effects of long-term creatine supplementation on liver and kidney functions in American college football players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2002 Dec;12(4):453-60.
Farquhar WB, Zambraski EJ. Effects of creatine use on the athlete's kidney. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2002 Apr;1(2):103-6.
Groeneveld et al. Few adverse effects of long-term creatine supplementation in a placebo-controlled trial. Int J Sports Med. 2005 May;26(4):307-13.
Havenetidis K, Bourdas D. Creatine supplementation: effects on urinary excretion and anaerobic performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2003 Sep;43(3):347-55.
Pline KA, Smith CL. The effect of creatine intake on renal function. Ann Pharmacother. 2005 Jun;39(6):1093-6.
Rawson et al. Effects of repeated creatine supplementation on muscle, plasma, and urine creatine levels. J Strength Cond Res. 2004 Feb;18(1):162-7.
Schröder et al. Risk assessment of the potential side effects of long-term creatine supplementation in team sport athletes. Eur J Nutr. 2005 Jun;44(4):255-61.
Kuehl et al. Re: Long-term oral creatine supplementation does not impair renal function in healthy athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Jan;32(1):248-9.
Bender et al. Long-term creatine supplementation is safe in aged patients with Parkinson disease. Nutr Res. 2008 Mar;28(3):172-8.
Yoshizumi WM, Tsourounis C. Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function. J Herb Pharmacother. 2004;4(1):1-7.
Bizzarini E, De Angelis L. Is the use of oral creatine supplementation safe?. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2004 Dec;44(4):411-6.
Taes et al. Creatine supplementation does not affect kidney function in an animal model with pre-existing renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Feb;18(2):258-64.
Earnest et al. The effect of creatine monohydrate ingestion on anaerobic power indices, muscular strength and body composition. Acta Physiol Scand. 1995 153: 207-209
Casey et al. Creatine ingestion favorably affects performance and muscle metabolism during maximal exercise in humans. Am J Physiol, 1996 271: E31-E37
Greenwood et al. Creatine supplementation during college football training does not increase the incidence of cramping or injury. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Feb;244(1-2):83-8.
van Leemputte et al. Shortening of muscle relaxation time after creatine loading. J Appl Physiol 1999 Mar;86(3):840-4
Hespel et al. Opposite actions of caffeine and creatine on muscle relaxation time in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2002 Feb;92(2):513-8.
Chang et al. Creatine monohydrate treatment alleviates muscle cramps associated with haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 Nov;17(11):1978-81.
Vandenberghe et al. Caffeine counteracts the ergogenic action of muscle creatine loading. J Appl Physiol. 1996 Feb;80(2):452-7.
Doherty et al. Caffeine is ergogenic after supplementation of oral creatine monohydrate. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Nov;34(11):1785-92.
Lee et al. Effect of caffeine ingestion after creatine supplementation on intermittent high-intensity sprint performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Aug;111(8):1669-77.
Vanakoski et al. Creatine and caffeine in anaerobic and aerobic exercise: effects on physical performance and pharmacokinetic considerations. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998 May;36(5):258-62.
Fukuda et al. The possible combinatory effects of acute consumption of caffeine, creatine, and amino acids on the improvement of anaerobic running performance in humans. Nutr Res. 2010 Sep;30(9):607-14.
Spradley et al. Ingesting a pre-workout supplement containing caffeine, B-vitamins, amino acids, creatine, and beta-alanine before exercise delays fatigue while improving reaction time and muscular endurance. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012 Mar 30;9:28.
Kreider et al. Long-term creatine supplementation does not significantly affect clinical markers of health in athletes. Mol Cell Biochem 2003, 244:95-104.
Greenwood et al. Cramping and injury incidence in collegiate football players are reduced by creatine supplementation. J Athl Train 2003, 38:216-219.
Rae et al. Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Proc Biol Sci. 2003 October 22; 270(1529): 2147–2150.
Watanabe et al. Effects of creatine on mental fatigue and cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation. Neurosci Res. 2002 Apr;42(4):279-85.
Tarnopolsky et al. Creatine monohydrate enhances strength and body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology. 2004 May 25;62(10):1771-7.
Ellis AC, Rosenfeld J. The role of creatine in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders. CNS Drugs. 2004;18(14):967-80.
Korzun WJ. Oral creatine supplements lower plasma homocysteine concentrations in humans. Clin Lab Sci. 2004 Spring;17(2):102-6.
Nomura et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of creatine supplementation in endothelial cells in vitro. Br J Pharmacol. 2003 June; 139(4): 715–720.
Lawler et al. Direct antioxidant properties of creatine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Jan 11;290(1):47-52.
Coco M, Perciavalle V. Creatine ingestion effects on oxidative stress in a steady-state test at 75% VO(2max). J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2012 Apr;52(2):165-9.
Cunha et al. Antidepressant-like effect of creatine in mice involves dopaminergic activation. J Psychopharmacol. 2012 Nov;26(11):1489-501.
Rawson ES, Venezia AC. Use of creatine in the elderly and evidence for effects on cognitive function in young and old. Amino Acids. 2011 May;40(5):1349-62.
Neves et al. Beneficial effect of creatine supplementation in knee osteoarthritis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Aug;43(8):1538-43.
Veggi et al. Oral creatine supplementation augments the repeated bout effect. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2013 Aug;23(4):378-87.
Jäger et al. Analysis of the efficacy, safety, and regulatory status of novel forms of creatine. Amino Acids. 2011 May; 40(5): 1369–1383.
Spillane et al. The effects of creatine ethyl ester supplementation combined with heavy resistance training on body composition, muscle performance, and serum and muscle creatine levels. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009 Feb 19;6:6.
Jagim et al. A buffered form of creatine does not promote greater changes in muscle creatine content, body composition, or training adaptations than creatine monohydrate. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 Sep 13;9(1):43.
Gill et al. Creatine serum is not as effective as creatine powder for improving cycle sprint performance in competitive male team-sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2004 May;18(2):272-5.
Harris et al. The creatine content of Creatine Serum and the change in the plasma concentration with ingestion of a single dose. J Sports Sci. 2004 Sep;22(9):851-7.
Ganguly et al. Evaluation of the stability of creatine in solution prepared from effervescent creatine formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2003;4(2):E25.
Falk et al. Effects of effervescent creatine, ribose, and glutamine supplementation on muscular strength, muscular endurance, and body composition. J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Nov;17(4):810-6.
Brilla et al. Magnesium-creatine supplementation effects on body water. Metabolism. 2003 Sep;52(9):1136-40.
Selsby et al. Mg2+-creatine chelate and a low-dose creatine supplementation regimen improve exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2004 May;18(2):311-5.
Eckerson et al. Effect of two and five days of creatine loading on anaerobic working capacity in women. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18(1):168–173.
Smith et al. Effects of creatine loading on electromyographic fatigue threshold during cycle ergometry in college-aged women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007;4:20. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-4-20.
Jäger et al. The effects of creatine pyruvate and creatine citrate on performance during high intensity exercise.. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008 Feb 13;5:4.
Graef e al. The effects of four weeks of creatine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009;6:18.
Schuylenbergh et al. Effects of oral creatine-pyruvate supplementation in cycling performance. Int J Sports Med. 2003;24(2):144–150.
Kulakowski EC, Maturo J. Hypoglycemic properties of taurine: not mediated by enhanced insulin release. Biochem Pharmacol. 1984 Sep 15;33(18):2835-8.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; Italian: 192^nd place)

Greenhaff P. The nutritional biochemistry of creatine. J Nutrit Biochem 1997, 11:610-618.
Pallotta JA, Kennedy PJ. Response of plasma insulin and growth hormone to carbohydrate and protein feeding. Metabolism. 1968 Oct;17(10):901-8.

sportgang.it (Global: low place; Italian: low place)

Ciclo di assunzione “carico-mantenimento”, su sportgang.it.

t-nation.com (Global: low place; Italian: low place)

Barr D. Creatine Controversy Archiviato il 27 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. www.t-nation.com. 27 Sept, 2005.

usf.edu (Global: 3,578^th place; Italian: 6,291^st place)

scholarcommons.usf.edu

Pannoni N. The Effect Of Various Carbohydrate Supplements On Postprandial Blood Glucose Response In Female Soccer Players. 2011, University of South Florida

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Italian: 1^st place)

Kreider RB, Leutholtz BC, Greenwood M. Creatine. In: Nutritional Ergogenic Aids Archiviato il 28 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. Exercise & Sport Nutrition, 2009. ISBN 0974296562
Barr D. Creatine Controversy Archiviato il 27 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. www.t-nation.com. 27 Sept, 2005.
Taylor et al. Effects of combined creatine plus fenugreek extract vs. creatine plus carbohydrate supplementation on resistance training adaptations Archiviato il 27 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. JSSM (2011) 10, 254-260.
Sugar (Sucrose), 50 g portion Archiviato il 28 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. www.glycemicindex.com
Sugar (Sucrose), 50 g portion Archiviato il 28 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. www.glycemicindex.com
Grapefruit juice, unsweetened (Sunpac, Toronto, Canada) Archiviato il 28 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. www.glycemicindex.com
Grapefruit, raw Archiviato il 28 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. www.glycemicindex.com
Isomaltulose, Palatinose (Sudzucker AG, Mannheim, Germany) Archiviato il 28 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive.. www.glycemicindex.com

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; Italian: 160^th place)

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Olsson KE, Saltin B. Variation in total body water with muscle glycogen changes in man. Acta Physiol Scand. 1970 Sep;80(1):11-8.