Christy G. Turner II, Hyenas and Humans in Ice Age Siberia, su emerituscollege.asu.edu, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University. URL consultato il 2 agosto 2008.
bucknell.edu
departments.bucknell.edu
(EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Hyaenidae, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN0-8018-8221-4.