Fitzhugh, William W. and Dubreuil, Chisato, Ainu: spirit of a northern people, Arctic Studies Center, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution in association with University of Washington Press, 1999, OCLC42801973.
(EN) Siddle, Richard, Race, Resistance and the Ainu of Japan, Routledge, 2014, OCLC960083464.
(EN) J.C. Maher, Akor Itak – Our Language, Your Language: Ainu in Japan, in Fishman, Joshua A. (a cura di), Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? : Reversing Language Shift, Revisited : A 21st Century Perspective, Clevedon, Multilingual Matters, 2001, p. 328, OCLC704469465.
(EN) Ann B. Irish, Hokkaido: A History of Ethnic Transition and Development on Japan’s Northern Island, Jefferson, McFarland, 2009, OCLC845568669.
(EN) Loos, N. and Osanai, T., Indigenous minorities in Education: Australian and japanese Perspectives of Their Indigenous Peoples, the Ainu, Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, Tokyo: Sanyusha Publishing Co, 1993, pp. 237-249, OCLC675097984.
(EN) Ann-Elise Lewallen, The Fabric of Indigeneity: Ainu Identity, Gender, and Settler Colonialism in Japan, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 2016, p. 24, OCLC1026404837.
(EN) L. Canepari, G. Miscio, Japanese pronunciation and accents, 2ª ed., München, Lincom, 2017, OCLC1017089799.
(EN) Tamura, Suzuko, The Ainu language, Tokyo, Sanseido, 2000, OCLC45748553.
Fitzhugh, William W. and Dubreuil, Chisato, Ainu: spirit of a northern people, Arctic Studies Center, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution in association with University of Washington Press, 1999, OCLC42801973.
(EN) Vovin Alexander, On the Linguistic Prehistory of Hokkaido, in Ekaterina Gruzdeva; Juha Janhunen (a cura di), Crosslinguistics and linguistic crossings in Northeast Asia : papers on the languages of Sakhalin and adjacent regions, Helsinki, Finnish Oriental Society, 2016, OCLC972351304.
