(EN) The safety and efficacy of underwater birth for the newborn has not been established. There is no convincing evidence of benefit to the neonate but some concern for serious harm. Therefore, underwater birth should be considered an experimental procedure that should not be performed except within the context of an appropriately designed RCT after informed parental consent, Daniel G. Batton, Lillian R. Blackmon, David H. Adamkin, et al., Underwater Births,
Pediatrics, 2005;115;1413, DOI:10.1542/peds.2004-1738.
