Razza (categorizzazione umana) (Italian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Razza (categorizzazione umana)" in Italian language version.

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aaanet.org

American e Physical Anthropological, Statement on Biological Aspects of Race, in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 569, p. 1996.

archive.org

UNESCO, The Race Question, 1957.
Guy Harrison, Race and Reality, Amherst, Prometheus Books, 2010.
«Race is a poor empirical description of the patterns of difference that we encounter within our species. The billions of humans alive today simply do not fit into neat and tidy biological boxes called races. Science has proven this conclusively. The concept of race (...) is not scientific and goes against what is known about our ever-changing and complex biological diversity.»
Dorothy Roberts, Fatal Invention, London, New York, The New Press, 2011.
«The genetic differences that exist among populations are characterized by gradual changes across geographic regions, not sharp, categorical distinctions. Groups of people across the globe have varying frequencies of polymorphic genes, which are genes with any of several differing nucleotide sequences. There is no such thing as a set of genes that belongs exclusively to one group and not to another. The clinal, gradually changing nature of geographic genetic difference is complicated further by the migration and mixing that human groups have engaged in since prehistory. Human beings do not fit the zoological definition of race. A mountain of evidence assembled by historians, anthropologists, and biologists proves that race is not and cannot be a natural division of human beings.»
Chris Stringer, Lone Survivors: How We Came to Be the Only Humans on Earth, London, Times Books, 2012, ISBN 978-0-8050-8891-5.
Edward Eric Telles, Racial Classification, in Race in Another America: The significance of skin color in Brazil, Princeton University Press, 2004, pp. 81.–84, ISBN 0-691-11866-3.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

(EN) BBC delves into Brazilians' roots, su news.bbc.co.uk. URL consultato il 13 luglio 2009.

books.google.com

John Barnshaw, Race, in Richard T. Schaefer (a cura di), Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, vol. 1, SAGE Publications, 2008, pp. 1091–3, ISBN 978-1-45-226586-5.
Slotkin (1965), p. 177..

doi.org

dx.doi.org

C. Amutah, K. Greenidge, A. Mante, M. Munyikwa, S. L. Surya, E. Higginbotham, D. S. Jones, R. Lavizzo-Mourey, D. Roberts, J. Tsai e J. Aysola, Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias, in The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 384, n. 9, Massachusetts Medical Society, marzo 2021, pp. 872–878, DOI:10.1056/NEJMms2025768, ISSN 1533-4406 (WC · ACNP), PMID 33406326.
M. Yudell, D. Roberts, R. DeSalle e S. Tishkoff, Taking race out of human genetics, in Science, vol. 351, n. 6273, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 5 febbraio 2016, pp. 564–565, Bibcode:2016Sci...351..564Y, DOI:10.1126/science.aac4951, ISSN 0036-8075 (WC · ACNP), PMID 26912690.
S. O. Y. Keita, R. A. Kittles, C. D. M. Royal, G. E. Bonney, P. Furbert-Harris, G. M. Dunston e C. N. Rotimi, Conceptualizing human variation, in Nature Genetics, vol. 36, 11s, 2004, pp. S17–S20, DOI:10.1038/ng1455, PMID 15507998. URL consultato il 5 settembre 2015.
«Religious, cultural, social, national, ethnic, linguistic, genetic, geographical and anatomical groups have been and sometimes still are called 'races'»
A. R. Templeton, Human Races: A Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective, in American Anthropologist, vol. 100, n. 3, 1998, pp. 632-650, DOI:10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.632.
S. M. Williams e A. R. Templeton, Race and Genomics, in New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 348, n. 25, 2003, pp. 2581-2582, DOI:10.1056/nejm200306193482521.
S O Y Keita, Kittles, Royal, Bonney, Furbert-Harris, Dunston, Rotimi, C D M Royal, G E Bonney, P Furbert-Harris, G M Dunston e C N Rotimi, Conceptualizing human variation, in Nature Genetics, vol. 36, 11s, 2004, pp. S17–S20, DOI:10.1038/ng1455, PMID 15507998.
«Modern human biological variation is not structured into phylogenetic subspecies ('races'), nor are the taxa of the standard anthropological 'racial' classifications breeding populations. The 'racial taxa' do not meet the phylogenetic criteria. 'Race' denotes socially constructed units as a function of the incorrect usage of the term.»
S O Y Keita, Kittles, Royal, Bonney, Furbert-Harris, Dunston, Rotimi, C D M Royal, G E Bonney, P Furbert-Harris, G M Dunston e C N Rotimi, Conceptualizing human variation, in Nature Genetics, vol. 36, 11s, 2004, pp. S17–S20, DOI:10.1038/ng1455, PMID 15507998.
«Many terms requiring definition for use describe demographic population groups better than the term 'race' because they invite examination of the criteria for classification.»
Siep Stuurman, François Bernier and the Invention of Racial Classification, in History Workshop Journal,, vol. 50, n. 1, 1º ottobre 2000, pp. 1-25, DOI:10.1093/hwj/2000.50.1.
(EN) Jennifer K. Wagner, Joon-Ho Yu e Jayne O. Ifekwunigwe, Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics, in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 162, n. 2, 1º febbraio 2017, pp. 318-327, DOI:10.1002/ajpa.23120. URL consultato il 24 agosto 2017.
Tesfaye B. Mersha e Tilahun Abebe, Self-reported race/ethnicity in the age of genomic research: its potential impact on understanding health disparities, in Human Genomics, vol. 9, n. 1, 7 gennaio 2015, p. 1, DOI:10.1186/s40246-014-0023-x. URL consultato il 9 giugno 2022.
«"On average, any two randomly selected humans have 99.9% identical DNA"»
David A. Hinds, Laura L. Stuve e Geoffrey B. Nilsen, Whole-genome patterns of common DNA variation in three human populations, in Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 307, n. 5712, 18 febbraio 2005, pp. 1072–1079, DOI:10.1126/science.1105436. URL consultato il 9 giugno 2022.
Vanderlei Guerreiro-Junior, Rafael Bisso-Machado, Andrea Marrero, Tábita Hünemeier, Francisco M. Salzano e Maria Cátira Bortolini, Genetic signatures of parental contribution in black and white populations in Brazil, in Genetics and Molecular Biology, vol. 32, n. 1, 2009, pp. 1-11, DOI:10.1590/S1415-47572009005000001, PMC 3032968, PMID 21637639.
S.D.J. Pena, L. Bastos-Rodrigues, J.R. Pimenta e S.P. Bydlowski, Genetic heritage variability of Brazilians in even regional averages, 2009 study, in Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, vol. 42, n. 10, 2009, pp. 870-6, DOI:10.1590/S0100-879X2009005000026, PMID 19738982.

doi.org

Tesfaye B. Mersha e Tilahun Abebe, Self-reported race/ethnicity in the age of genomic research: its potential impact on understanding health disparities, in Human Genomics, vol. 9, n. 1, 7 gennaio 2015, p. 1, DOI:10.1186/s40246-014-0023-x. URL consultato il 9 giugno 2022.
«"On average, any two randomly selected humans have 99.9% identical DNA"»

focus.it

https://www.focus.it/scienza/scienze/le-razze-non-esistono

google.it

books.google.it

(EN) Robert L. Anemone, Race and Human Diversity: A Biocultural Approach, Routledge, 4 settembre 2015, ISBN 978-1-317-34475-9. URL consultato il 30 gennaio 2017.

harvard.edu

adsabs.harvard.edu

M. Yudell, D. Roberts, R. DeSalle e S. Tishkoff, Taking race out of human genetics, in Science, vol. 351, n. 6273, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 5 febbraio 2016, pp. 564–565, Bibcode:2016Sci...351..564Y, DOI:10.1126/science.aac4951, ISSN 0036-8075 (WC · ACNP), PMID 26912690.

nature.com

S. O. Y. Keita, R. A. Kittles, C. D. M. Royal, G. E. Bonney, P. Furbert-Harris, G. M. Dunston e C. N. Rotimi, Conceptualizing human variation, in Nature Genetics, vol. 36, 11s, 2004, pp. S17–S20, DOI:10.1038/ng1455, PMID 15507998. URL consultato il 5 settembre 2015.
«Religious, cultural, social, national, ethnic, linguistic, genetic, geographical and anatomical groups have been and sometimes still are called 'races'»
S O Y Keita, Kittles, Royal, Bonney, Furbert-Harris, Dunston, Rotimi, C D M Royal, G E Bonney, P Furbert-Harris, G M Dunston e C N Rotimi, Conceptualizing human variation, in Nature Genetics, vol. 36, 11s, 2004, pp. S17–S20, DOI:10.1038/ng1455, PMID 15507998.
«Modern human biological variation is not structured into phylogenetic subspecies ('races'), nor are the taxa of the standard anthropological 'racial' classifications breeding populations. The 'racial taxa' do not meet the phylogenetic criteria. 'Race' denotes socially constructed units as a function of the incorrect usage of the term.»
S O Y Keita, Kittles, Royal, Bonney, Furbert-Harris, Dunston, Rotimi, C D M Royal, G E Bonney, P Furbert-Harris, G M Dunston e C N Rotimi, Conceptualizing human variation, in Nature Genetics, vol. 36, 11s, 2004, pp. S17–S20, DOI:10.1038/ng1455, PMID 15507998.
«Many terms requiring definition for use describe demographic population groups better than the term 'race' because they invite examination of the criteria for classification.»

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

C. Amutah, K. Greenidge, A. Mante, M. Munyikwa, S. L. Surya, E. Higginbotham, D. S. Jones, R. Lavizzo-Mourey, D. Roberts, J. Tsai e J. Aysola, Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias, in The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 384, n. 9, Massachusetts Medical Society, marzo 2021, pp. 872–878, DOI:10.1056/NEJMms2025768, ISSN 1533-4406 (WC · ACNP), PMID 33406326.
M. Yudell, D. Roberts, R. DeSalle e S. Tishkoff, Taking race out of human genetics, in Science, vol. 351, n. 6273, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 5 febbraio 2016, pp. 564–565, Bibcode:2016Sci...351..564Y, DOI:10.1126/science.aac4951, ISSN 0036-8075 (WC · ACNP), PMID 26912690.
S. O. Y. Keita, R. A. Kittles, C. D. M. Royal, G. E. Bonney, P. Furbert-Harris, G. M. Dunston e C. N. Rotimi, Conceptualizing human variation, in Nature Genetics, vol. 36, 11s, 2004, pp. S17–S20, DOI:10.1038/ng1455, PMID 15507998. URL consultato il 5 settembre 2015.
«Religious, cultural, social, national, ethnic, linguistic, genetic, geographical and anatomical groups have been and sometimes still are called 'races'»
S O Y Keita, Kittles, Royal, Bonney, Furbert-Harris, Dunston, Rotimi, C D M Royal, G E Bonney, P Furbert-Harris, G M Dunston e C N Rotimi, Conceptualizing human variation, in Nature Genetics, vol. 36, 11s, 2004, pp. S17–S20, DOI:10.1038/ng1455, PMID 15507998.
«Modern human biological variation is not structured into phylogenetic subspecies ('races'), nor are the taxa of the standard anthropological 'racial' classifications breeding populations. The 'racial taxa' do not meet the phylogenetic criteria. 'Race' denotes socially constructed units as a function of the incorrect usage of the term.»
S O Y Keita, Kittles, Royal, Bonney, Furbert-Harris, Dunston, Rotimi, C D M Royal, G E Bonney, P Furbert-Harris, G M Dunston e C N Rotimi, Conceptualizing human variation, in Nature Genetics, vol. 36, 11s, 2004, pp. S17–S20, DOI:10.1038/ng1455, PMID 15507998.
«Many terms requiring definition for use describe demographic population groups better than the term 'race' because they invite examination of the criteria for classification.»
Parra et alli, Color and genomic ancestry in Brazilians. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC140919/#id2601616
Vanderlei Guerreiro-Junior, Rafael Bisso-Machado, Andrea Marrero, Tábita Hünemeier, Francisco M. Salzano e Maria Cátira Bortolini, Genetic signatures of parental contribution in black and white populations in Brazil, in Genetics and Molecular Biology, vol. 32, n. 1, 2009, pp. 1-11, DOI:10.1590/S1415-47572009005000001, PMC 3032968, PMID 21637639.
S.D.J. Pena, L. Bastos-Rodrigues, J.R. Pimenta e S.P. Bydlowski, Genetic heritage variability of Brazilians in even regional averages, 2009 study, in Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, vol. 42, n. 10, 2009, pp. 870-6, DOI:10.1590/S0100-879X2009005000026, PMID 19738982.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

David A. Hinds, Laura L. Stuve e Geoffrey B. Nilsen, Whole-genome patterns of common DNA variation in three human populations, in Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 307, n. 5712, 18 febbraio 2005, pp. 1072–1079, DOI:10.1126/science.1105436. URL consultato il 9 giugno 2022.

oadoi.org

C. Amutah, K. Greenidge, A. Mante, M. Munyikwa, S. L. Surya, E. Higginbotham, D. S. Jones, R. Lavizzo-Mourey, D. Roberts, J. Tsai e J. Aysola, Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias, in The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 384, n. 9, Massachusetts Medical Society, marzo 2021, pp. 872–878, DOI:10.1056/NEJMms2025768, ISSN 1533-4406 (WC · ACNP), PMID 33406326.
A. R. Templeton, Human Races: A Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective, in American Anthropologist, vol. 100, n. 3, 1998, pp. 632-650, DOI:10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.632.
S. M. Williams e A. R. Templeton, Race and Genomics, in New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 348, n. 25, 2003, pp. 2581-2582, DOI:10.1056/nejm200306193482521.
S.D.J. Pena, L. Bastos-Rodrigues, J.R. Pimenta e S.P. Bydlowski, Genetic heritage variability of Brazilians in even regional averages, 2009 study, in Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, vol. 42, n. 10, 2009, pp. 870-6, DOI:10.1590/S0100-879X2009005000026, PMID 19738982.

ohchr.org

Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani, su Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Siep Stuurman, François Bernier and the Invention of Racial Classification, in History Workshop Journal,, vol. 50, n. 1, 1º ottobre 2000, pp. 1-25, DOI:10.1093/hwj/2000.50.1.

science.org

M. Yudell, D. Roberts, R. DeSalle e S. Tishkoff, Taking race out of human genetics, in Science, vol. 351, n. 6273, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 5 febbraio 2016, pp. 564–565, Bibcode:2016Sci...351..564Y, DOI:10.1126/science.aac4951, ISSN 0036-8075 (WC · ACNP), PMID 26912690.

unibo.it

acnpsearch.unibo.it

C. Amutah, K. Greenidge, A. Mante, M. Munyikwa, S. L. Surya, E. Higginbotham, D. S. Jones, R. Lavizzo-Mourey, D. Roberts, J. Tsai e J. Aysola, Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias, in The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 384, n. 9, Massachusetts Medical Society, marzo 2021, pp. 872–878, DOI:10.1056/NEJMms2025768, ISSN 1533-4406 (WC · ACNP), PMID 33406326.
Megan Gannon, Race Is a Social Construct, Scientists Argue, in Scientific American, 5 febbraio 2016, ISSN 0036-8733 (WC · ACNP). URL consultato il 1º marzo 2023 (archiviato dall'url originale il 14 febbraio 2023).
M. Yudell, D. Roberts, R. DeSalle e S. Tishkoff, Taking race out of human genetics, in Science, vol. 351, n. 6273, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 5 febbraio 2016, pp. 564–565, Bibcode:2016Sci...351..564Y, DOI:10.1126/science.aac4951, ISSN 0036-8075 (WC · ACNP), PMID 26912690.

scienzagiovane.unibo.it

Razze umane: classificare la gente o comprendere la biodiversità? (PDF), su scienzagiovane.unibo.it, Università di Ferrara, 20 marzo 2009, p. 14.

web.archive.org

Megan Gannon, Race Is a Social Construct, Scientists Argue, in Scientific American, 5 febbraio 2016, ISSN 0036-8733 (WC · ACNP). URL consultato il 1º marzo 2023 (archiviato dall'url originale il 14 febbraio 2023).
Race², su Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press. URL consultato il 5 ottobre 2012 (archiviato dall'url originale il 7 ottobre 2012).
«1. Each of the major division of humankind, having distinct physical characteristics [example elided]. 1.1. (SC) The fact or condition of belonging to a racial division or group; the qualities or characteristics associated with this. 1.2. A group of people sharing the same culture, history, language, etc.; an ethnic group [example elided].»
Provides 8 definitions, from biological to literary; only the most pertinent have been quoted.
Negros de origem européia. URL consultato il 25 marzo 2016 (archiviato dall'url originale il 24 novembre 2010).. afrobras.org.br

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

(EN) Jennifer K. Wagner, Joon-Ho Yu e Jayne O. Ifekwunigwe, Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics, in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 162, n. 2, 1º febbraio 2017, pp. 318-327, DOI:10.1002/ajpa.23120. URL consultato il 24 agosto 2017.

worldcat.org

C. Amutah, K. Greenidge, A. Mante, M. Munyikwa, S. L. Surya, E. Higginbotham, D. S. Jones, R. Lavizzo-Mourey, D. Roberts, J. Tsai e J. Aysola, Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias, in The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 384, n. 9, Massachusetts Medical Society, marzo 2021, pp. 872–878, DOI:10.1056/NEJMms2025768, ISSN 1533-4406 (WC · ACNP), PMID 33406326.
Megan Gannon, Race Is a Social Construct, Scientists Argue, in Scientific American, 5 febbraio 2016, ISSN 0036-8733 (WC · ACNP). URL consultato il 1º marzo 2023 (archiviato dall'url originale il 14 febbraio 2023).
M. Yudell, D. Roberts, R. DeSalle e S. Tishkoff, Taking race out of human genetics, in Science, vol. 351, n. 6273, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 5 febbraio 2016, pp. 564–565, Bibcode:2016Sci...351..564Y, DOI:10.1126/science.aac4951, ISSN 0036-8075 (WC · ACNP), PMID 26912690.