Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 (2012) excerpt and text search
Robert O. Paxton, and Julie Hessler. Europe in the Twentieth Century (2011) pp. 141-78 excerpt and text search
archive.org
J. P. T. Bury. "Nationality and nationalism". In J. P. T. Bury, ed., New Cambridge Modern History: vol X The Zenith of European Power 1830–70 (1960) 213–245.
The Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Spain and Denmark are not included. U.S. Tariff Commission. Colonial tariff policies (1922), p. 5 online
Nevill Forbes, et al. The Balkans: a history of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Rumania, Turkey (1915) summary histories by scholars online free
Mark Hewitson, "Germany and France before the First World War: A Reassessment of Wilhelmine Foreign Policy" English Historical Review (2000) 115#462 pp. 570-606 in JSTOR
W. N. Medlicott, "Bismarck and the Three Emperors' Alliance, 1881–87," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society Vol. 27 (1945), pp. 61-83 online