Karmy-Jones R, Jurkovich GJ, Blunt chest trauma, in Current Problems in Surgery, vol. 41, n. 3, marzo 2004, pp. 348–353, DOI:10.1016/j.cpsurg.2003.12.004, PMID 15097979.
«A sudden increase in the pressure gradient between the pleural and peritoneal cavities that occurs with high-speed blunt trauma will lead to disruptions of the diaphragm... This same pleuroperitoneal pressure gradient will also promote migration of intraperitoneal structures into the pleural space after disruption has occurred. Once the viscera have been displaced into the pleural space, both cardiovascular and respiratory functions are compromised.»
