(EN) James L. A. Webb, The Horse and Slave Trade Between the Western Sahara and Senegambia, in The Journal of African History, vol. 34, n. 2, 1993-07, pp. 221-246, DOI:10.1017/S0021853700033338. URL consultato il 15 gennaio 2021.
«Black African states imported horses from North Africa and the western Sahara in exchange for slaves. Over time, under conditions of increasing aridity, the zone of desert horse-breeding was pushed south, and through crossbreeding with the small disease-resistant indigenous horses of the savanna, new breeds were created.»