(EN) Miika Sarkkinen, Memory effect in electromagnetic radiation [Effetto memoria nella radiazione elettromagnetica], su s3.cern.ch, Università di Helsinki - Dipartimento di fisica, 2018. URL consultato il 19 novembre 2023.
«A passing gravitational wave periodically changes the relative distances of test particles, but after the wave has gone, there is no relative velocity between the particles. In the electromagnetic case, however, the memory effect is manifested as a ”kick”, a residual velocity imparted on a charge by the electromagnetic field.»
