Richard Wrangham, Out of the Pan, Into the Fire, in Tree of Origin: What Primate Behavior Can Tell Us About Human Social Evolution, Frans B. M. De Waal, 2001, pp. 124-126, ISBN9780674010048.
"Consistent with the marked shift in the dating of the Cercopithecoidea/Hominoidea split, all hominoid divergences receive a much earlier dating. Thus the estimated date of the divergence between Pan (chimpanzee) and Homo is 10—13 MYBP and that between Gorilla and the Pan/Homo linage ≈17 MYBP." U. Arnason, A. Gullberg e A. Janke, Molecular timing of primate divergences as estimated by two nonprimate calibration points, in J. Mol. Evol., vol. 47, n. 6, dicembre 1998, pp. 718-27, DOI:10.1007/PL00006431, PMID9847414.
J. Wakeley, Complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees, in Nature, vol. 452, n. 7184, marzo 2008, pp. E3-4; discussion E4, Bibcode:2008Natur.452....3W, DOI:10.1038/nature06805, PMID18337768."Patterson et al. suggest that the apparently short divergence time between humans and chimpanzees on the X chromosome is explained by a massive interspecific hybridization event in the ancestry of these two species. However, Patterson et al. do not statistically test their own null model of simple speciation before concluding that speciation was complex, and—even if the null model could be rejected—they do not consider other explanations of a short divergence time on the X chromosome. These include natural selection on the X chromosome in the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, changes in the ratio of male-to-female mutation rates over time, and less extreme versions of divergence with gene flow. I therefore believe that their claim of hybridization is unwarranted."
J. Wakeley, Complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees, in Nature, vol. 452, n. 7184, marzo 2008, pp. E3-4; discussion E4, Bibcode:2008Natur.452....3W, DOI:10.1038/nature06805, PMID18337768."Patterson et al. suggest that the apparently short divergence time between humans and chimpanzees on the X chromosome is explained by a massive interspecific hybridization event in the ancestry of these two species. However, Patterson et al. do not statistically test their own null model of simple speciation before concluding that speciation was complex, and—even if the null model could be rejected—they do not consider other explanations of a short divergence time on the X chromosome. These include natural selection on the X chromosome in the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, changes in the ratio of male-to-female mutation rates over time, and less extreme versions of divergence with gene flow. I therefore believe that their claim of hybridization is unwarranted."
"Consistent with the marked shift in the dating of the Cercopithecoidea/Hominoidea split, all hominoid divergences receive a much earlier dating. Thus the estimated date of the divergence between Pan (chimpanzee) and Homo is 10—13 MYBP and that between Gorilla and the Pan/Homo linage ≈17 MYBP." U. Arnason, A. Gullberg e A. Janke, Molecular timing of primate divergences as estimated by two nonprimate calibration points, in J. Mol. Evol., vol. 47, n. 6, dicembre 1998, pp. 718-27, DOI:10.1007/PL00006431, PMID9847414.
J. Wakeley, Complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees, in Nature, vol. 452, n. 7184, marzo 2008, pp. E3-4; discussion E4, Bibcode:2008Natur.452....3W, DOI:10.1038/nature06805, PMID18337768."Patterson et al. suggest that the apparently short divergence time between humans and chimpanzees on the X chromosome is explained by a massive interspecific hybridization event in the ancestry of these two species. However, Patterson et al. do not statistically test their own null model of simple speciation before concluding that speciation was complex, and—even if the null model could be rejected—they do not consider other explanations of a short divergence time on the X chromosome. These include natural selection on the X chromosome in the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, changes in the ratio of male-to-female mutation rates over time, and less extreme versions of divergence with gene flow. I therefore believe that their claim of hybridization is unwarranted."
"Consistent with the marked shift in the dating of the Cercopithecoidea/Hominoidea split, all hominoid divergences receive a much earlier dating. Thus the estimated date of the divergence between Pan (chimpanzee) and Homo is 10—13 MYBP and that between Gorilla and the Pan/Homo linage ≈17 MYBP." U. Arnason, A. Gullberg e A. Janke, Molecular timing of primate divergences as estimated by two nonprimate calibration points, in J. Mol. Evol., vol. 47, n. 6, dicembre 1998, pp. 718-27, DOI:10.1007/PL00006431, PMID9847414.
J. Wakeley, Complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees, in Nature, vol. 452, n. 7184, marzo 2008, pp. E3-4; discussion E4, Bibcode:2008Natur.452....3W, DOI:10.1038/nature06805, PMID18337768."Patterson et al. suggest that the apparently short divergence time between humans and chimpanzees on the X chromosome is explained by a massive interspecific hybridization event in the ancestry of these two species. However, Patterson et al. do not statistically test their own null model of simple speciation before concluding that speciation was complex, and—even if the null model could be rejected—they do not consider other explanations of a short divergence time on the X chromosome. These include natural selection on the X chromosome in the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, changes in the ratio of male-to-female mutation rates over time, and less extreme versions of divergence with gene flow. I therefore believe that their claim of hybridization is unwarranted."
