References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Voynuk" in the Italian version

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Grigore Arbore-Popescu, Cristiani d'Oriente: spiritualità, arte e potere nell'Europa post bizantina, Electa, 1999, p. 44, ISBN 978-88-435-7179-6. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2021.

Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, Alcune osservazioni intorno all'influenza delle istituzioni bizantine sulle istituzioni ottomane, Istituto per l'Oriente, 1953, p. 172. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2021.

«voynuk [sorta di milizia]»

André Guillou, L'Impero bizantino e l'islamismo, Unione tipografico-editrice torinese, 1981, p. 338, ISBN 978-88-02-03600-7. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2021.

Luciano Vaccaro, Storia religiosa dell'Islam nei Balcani, Centro ambrosiano, 2008, p. 173, ISBN 978-88-8025-668-7. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2021.

Storia d'Europa: L'età moderna, secoli XVI-XVIII, G. Einaudi, 1995, p. 78, ISBN 978-88-06-13339-9. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2021.

Studi veneziani, L.S. Olschki, 1982, p. 321. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2021.

«Un primo tipo d'individuo di questa specie è il voinuk , militare a piedi o a cavallo di origine cristiana , reclutato anche fra la piccola nobiltà o i pastori nomadi»

A. BARATTA, Constantinopoli effigiata e descritta, con una notizia sulle celebri sette chiese dell ́Asia Minore..., Al. Fontana, 1840, p. 609. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2021.

(EN) Balkan Incelemesi Yıllığı, Isis, 2000, p. 35. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2021.

Ömer Turan, The Turkish minority in Bulgaria, 1878-1908, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1998, p. 26, ISBN 978-975-16-0955-7.

Béla Kalman Király e Gunther Erich Rothenberg, War and Society in East Central Europe: The fall of medieval kingdom of Hungary: Mohacs 1526-Buda 1541, Brooklyn College Press : distributed by Columbia University Press, 1989, p. 275, ISBN 978-0-88033-152-4, LCCN 88-62290.

«Voynuk: non-Muslim (usually Slavic) auxiliary in Ottoman service.»

Mesut Uyar e Edward J. Erickson, A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk, ABC-CLIO, 23 September 2009, pp. 64, ISBN 978-0-275-98876-0.

John Andreas Olsen e Colin S. Gray, The Practice of Strategy: From Alexander the Great to the Present, Oxford University Press, 27 October 2011, p. 116, ISBN 978-0-19-960863-8.

Tatjana Katić, Österreichische Osthefte, LIT Verlag Münster, 2005, p. 148, ISBN 978-3-8258-9539-6.

Kemal Çiçek, Ercüment Kuran e Nejat Göyünç, Great Ottoman Turkish civilization, Yeni Türkiye, 2000.

«Again like the martoloses, the voynuks were originally those members of the old Balkan feudal nobility who threw in their lot with the Ottomans during the fourteenth century. They were subsequently allowed to keep all or part of their feudal»

Halil İnalcık, 1300 - 1600, Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 17, ISBN 978-0-521-57456-3.

«in the early period often incorporated into their own system pre- Ottoman military groups called proniar, voynuk (voynik), martolos, etc.»

Linda T. Darling, Revenue-Raising and Legitimacy: Tax Collection and Finance Administration in the Ottoman Empire, 1560-1660, BRILL, 1996, p. 83, ISBN 978-90-04-10289-7.

Mihail Guboglu, Enjeux politiques, économiques et militaires en Mer noire (XIVe-XXIe siècles): études à la mémoire de Mihail Guboglu, Musée de Braïla, 2007, p. 298, ISBN 978-973-9469-94-4.

«They were exempt from paying per capita tax, additional taxes, tithes on yield, and simply paid (in instalments) a lump sum called maktu.»

Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine u Sarajevu: Etnologija, 1977, p. 93.

«Do sredine XVI stoljeóa vojnuci su predstavljali znacajan dio turskih vojnih snaga. Kasnije su svoj znacaj postepeno gubili, njihove privilegije su ukidane,...»

Robert Brunschvig, Studia Islamica, Larose, 1953, p. 117.

«When the voynuks in the Ottoman army lost their military importance in the 16th century, they were reduced to the status of re'ayd together with the»

Traian Stoianovich, Balkan Worlds: The First and Last Europe, M.E. Sharpe, 1994, pp. 168, ISBN 978-0-7656-3851-9.

«As the Ottoman government withdrew one privilege after another from the auxiliary 'asker of Orthodox Christians (martolosi, voynuks), the latter shifted their support to Austria, Venice, and Russia,»

Traian Stoianovich, Balkan Worlds: The First and Last Europe, M.E. Sharpe, 1994, pp. 168, ISBN 978-0-7656-3851-9.

Mesut Uyar e Edward J. Erickson, A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk, ABC-CLIO, 23 September 2009, pp. 64–, ISBN 978-0-275-98876-0.

Kemal Çiçek, Ercüment Kuran e Nejat Göyünç, Great Ottoman Turkish civilization, Yeni Türkiye, 2000.

Dennis P. Hupchick, The Bulgarians in the Seventeenth Century: Slavic Orthodox Society and Culture Under Ottoman Rule, McFarland, 1993, p. 23, ISBN 978-0-89950-822-1.

«Voynuks constituted the single largest military service group in the Bulgarian lands. In the sixteenth century nearly 8,000 households (or almost 40,000 Bulgarians) were listed as voynuk in Ottoman administrative registers.»

Ömer Turan, The Turkish minority in Bulgaria, 1878-1908, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1998, p. 25, ISBN 978-975-16-0955-7.

Biljana Vankovska e Haken Wiberg, Between Past and Future: Civil-Military Relations in Post-Communist Balkan States, I.B.Tauris, 24 October 2003, p. 101, ISBN 978-1-86064-624-9.

«During the 16th- 17th century Bulgarians were named "vojnuci" by the Turks, which literally meant "soldiers".»

Béla K. Király e Gunther Erich Rothenberg, Special Topics and Generalizations on the 18th and 19th Centuries, Brooklyn College Press, 1979, p. 319, ISBN 978-0-930888-04-6.

«The higher commanding officers of the voynuks were called ceribasi, the voynuk beg(yoynuk be yi), and the voynuk sancak beg (voynuk sancagi veyi); the lower officers were called lagatori.»

Сима Ћирковић e Раде Михальчић, Лексикон српског средњег века, Knowledge, 1999, p. 645.

«Посебни санџак-бегови управљали су санџаци- ма који нису представљали територијалне, него само организационе јединице неких војничких и друштвених редова (војнуци, акинџије, Јуруци, Цигани)»

Aleksandar Matkovski, Otpor na Makedonija vo vremeto na turskoto vladeenje, Misla, 1983, p. 372.

«Нај- голема организациона единица на таквите општествени редови како што биле војнуци, акинџии, Јуруци, Роми, Власи кои имале своја посебна организација и»

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«Voynuk: non-Muslim (usually Slavic) auxiliary in Ottoman service.»

Voynuk (Italian Wikipedia)

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