R. J. Creasy (September 1981). “The origin of the VM/370 time-sharing system”. IBM Journal of Research & Development25 (5): 483–490. doi:10.1147/rd.255.0483.
Osisek, D.L., Jackson, K.M., and Gum, P.H. (March 1991). “ESA/390 interpretive-execution architecture, foundation for VM/ESA - technical”. IBM Systems Journal30 (1): 34–51. doi:10.1147/sj.301.0034.
Melinda Varian, VM and the VM community, past present, and future, SHARE 89 Sessions 9059-9061, 1977; available online at www.princeton.edu/~melinda – outstanding source for CP/CMS and VM history