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“Oral bioavailability of the antioxidant astaxanthin in humans is enhanced by incorporation of lipid based formulations”. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences19 (4). (2003). doi:10.1016/S0928-0987(03)00135-0. PMID12885395.
“Plasma appearance of unesterified astaxanthin geometrical E/Z and optical R/S isomers in men given single doses of a mixture of optical 3 and 3′R/S isomers of astaxanthin fatty acyl diesters”. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology139 (1-3). (2004). doi:10.1016/j.cca.2004.09.011. PMID15556071.