Becker 1987, pp. 190–191. Becker, C. H.[in 英語] (1987). "Aḥmed b. Ṭūlūn". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume I: A–Bābā Beg. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 190–191. ISBN90-04-08265-4。
Becker 1987, pp. 190–191. Becker, C. H.[in 英語] (1987). "Aḥmed b. Ṭūlūn". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume I: A–Bābā Beg. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 190–191. ISBN90-04-08265-4。