Arakelova, Victoria (2015). “On the Number of Iranian Turkophones”. Iran and the Caucasus19 (3): 279. doi:10.1163/1573384X-20150306. "The main body of the Iranian Turkophone mass generally consists of two parts: proper Turkic groups—the Turkmen (from 0,5 to 1 million), partially the Qashqays (around 300,000), as well as Khalajes (currently Persian-speakers living in Save, near Tehran); and the Turkic-speaking population of the Iranian origin, predominantly the Azaris, inhabiting the north-west provinces of Iran roughly covering historical Aturpātakān."
